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81.
82.
Goro Kuno 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2015,9(11)
Contrary to the perception of many researchers that the recent invasion of chikungunya (CHIK) in the Western Hemisphere marked the first episode in history, a recent publication reminded them that CHIK had prevailed in the West Indies and southern regions of the United States from 1827–1828 under the guise of “dengue” (DEN), and that many old outbreaks of so-called “dengue” actually represented the CHIK cases erroneously identified as “dengue.” In hindsight, this confusion was unavoidable, given that the syndromes of the two diseases—transmitted by the same mosquito vector in urban areas—are very similar, and that specific laboratory-based diagnostic techniques for these diseases did not exist prior to 1940. While past reviewers reclassified problematic “dengue” outbreaks as CHIK, primarily based on manifestation of arthralgia as a marker of CHIK, they neither identified the root cause of the alleged misdiagnosis nor did they elaborate on the negative consequences derived from it. This article presents a reconstructed history of the genesis of the clinical definition of dengue by emphasizing problems with the definition, subsequent confusion with CHIK, and the ways in which physicians dealt with the variation in dengue-like (“dengue”) syndromes. Then, the article identifies in those records several factors complicating reclassification, based on current practice and standards. These factors include terms used for characterizing joint problems, style of documenting outbreak data, frequency of manifestation of arthralgia, possible involvement of more than one agent, and occurrence of the principal vector. The analysis of those factors reveals that while some of the old “dengue” outbreaks, including the 1827–1828 outbreaks in the Americas, are compatible with CHIK, similar reclassification of other “dengue” outbreaks to CHIK is difficult because of a combination of the absence of pathognomonic syndrome in these diseases and conflicting background information. 相似文献
83.
Taniguchi A Tsuchida S Kuno S Mita M Machida T Ioritani N Terai C Yamanaka H Kamatani N 《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2004,23(8-9):1141-1145
Five mutations in the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) gene have been described in Japanese patients with APRT deficiency. We investigated the APRT gene from three patients with APRT deficiency and two novel mutations, G133D and V84M, were determined. 相似文献
84.
Baruch Minke Kuno Kirschfeld 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1984,154(2):175-187
Summary The prolonged depolarizing afterpotential (PDA) is a phenomenon which is tightly linked to visual pigment conversion. In order to determine whether processes underlying PDA induction and depression can spread in space, the PDA was recorded intracellularly in white-eyedCalliphora R1-6 photoreceptors and used to examine interactions between processes induced by activating statistically different photopigment molecules (Figs. 3–6). It was found that a PDA induced by converting some fraction of rhodopsin (R) molecules forward into the metarhodopsin (M) state can be completely depressed by equal or smaller amounts of pigment conversion, backward from metarhodopsin to rhodopsin even when largely different sets of pigment molecules were shifted in the respective directions, in agreement with previous experiments conducted on the barnacle. The characteristics of the afterpotentials obtained following the cessation of strong blue and green light stimuli which did not cause a net pigment conversion was examined (Figs. 7, 8). It was found that these afterpotentials, obtained when nonet R to M conversion took place, could not be depressed by an opposite net large M to R pigment conversion. Accordingly we propose to restrict the term PDA to an afterpotential which can be depressed by a net M to R pigment conversion. It is concluded: (a) that some processes underlying PDA induction and depression inCalliphora must interact at a distance which extends at least to the nearest neighboring pigment molecule, and (b) that inCalliphora photoreceptors net pigment conversion is required in order to induce and depress a PDA.Abbreviations
R
rhodopsin
-
M
metarhodopsin
-
R to M
rhodopsin to metarhodopsin pigment conversion
-
M to R
metarhodopsin to rhodopsin pigment conversion
-
PDA
prolonged depolarizing afterpotential
-
ERG
electroretinogram
-
M potential
metarhodopsin potential
-
ERP
early receptor potential 相似文献
85.
Takayuki Hattori Koyo Okitsu Norikazu Yamazaki Nobumichi Ohoka Norihito Shibata Takashi Misawa Masaaki Kurihara Yosuke Demizu Mikihiko Naito 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2017,27(18):4478-4481
We designed and synthesized hybrid molecules for a protein knockdown method based on the recognition of a His-tag fused to a protein of interest (POI). The synthesized target protein degradation inducers contained three functional moieties: a His-tag ligand (nickel nitrilotriacetic acid [Ni-NTA]), an E3 ligand (bestatin [BS] or MV1), and a carrier peptide (Tat or nonaarginine [R9]). The designed hybrid molecules, BS-Tat-Ni-NTA, MV1-Tat-Ni-NTA, BS-R9-Ni-NTA, and MV1-R9-Ni-NTA, efficiently degraded His-tagged cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 via the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). This system will become a useful tool for research into selective protein degradation inducers that act via the UPS. 相似文献
86.
Shimpei Uraguchi Masako Kiyono Takuya Sakamoto Izumi Watanabe Katsuji Kuno 《Planta》2009,230(2):267-276
The contributions of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in cell walls, antioxidative enzymes and induction of phytochelatins (PCs)
to Cd tolerance were investigated in two distinctive genotypes of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.). One cultivar of black oat ‘New oat’ accumulated Cd in the leaves at the highest concentration compared to another
black oat cultivar ‘Soil saver’ and other major graminaceous crops. The shoot:root Cd ratio also demonstrated that ‘New oat’
was the high Cd-accumulating cultivar, whereas ‘Soil saver’ was the low Cd-accumulating cultivar. Varied levels of Cd exposure
demonstrated the strong Cd tolerance of ‘New oat’. By contrast, low Cd-accumulating cultivar ‘Soil saver’ suffered Cd toxicity
such as growth defects and increased lipid peroxidation, even though it accumulated less Cd in shoots than ‘New oat’. Higher
activities of ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) and superoxide dismutase (EC 1. 15. 1. 1) were observed in the leaves of
‘New oat’ than in ‘Soil saver’. No advantage of ‘New oat’ in PCs induction was observed in comparison to Cd-sensitive cultivar
‘Soil saver’, although Cd exposure increased the concentration of total PCs in both cultivars. Higher and increased Cd accumulation
in cell wall fraction was observed in shoots of ‘New oat’. On the other hand, in ‘Soil saver’, apoplasmic Cd accumulation
showed saturation under higher Cd exposure. Overall, the present results suggest that cell wall Cd accumulation and antioxidative
activities function in the tolerance against Cd stress possibly in combination with vacuolar Cd compartmentation. 相似文献
87.
Miyuki Kuno Hiroyuki Ando Hirokazu Morihata Hiromu Sakai Hiroyuki Mori Makoto Sawada Shigetoshi Oiki 《The Journal of general physiology》2009,134(3):191-205
Voltage-gated proton channels are found in many different types of cells, where they facilitate proton movement through the membrane. The mechanism of proton permeation through the channel is an issue of long-term interest, but it remains an open question. To address this issue, we examined the temperature dependence of proton permeation. Under whole cell recordings, rapid temperature changes within a few milliseconds were imposed. This method allowed for the measurement of current amplitudes immediately before and after a temperature jump, from which the ratios of these currents (Iratio) were determined. The use of Iratio for evaluating the temperature dependence minimized the contributions of factors other than permeation. Temperature jumps of various degrees (ΔT, −15 to 15°C) were applied over a wide temperature range (4–49°C), and the Q10s for the proton currents were evaluated from the Iratios. Q10 exhibited a high temperature dependence, varying from 2.2 at 10°C to 1.3 at 40°C. This implies that processes with different temperature dependencies underlie the observed Q10. A novel resistivity pulse method revealed that the access resistance with its low temperature dependence predominated in high temperature ranges. The measured temperature dependence of Q10 was decomposed into Q10 of the channel and of the access resistances. Finally, the Q10 for proton permeation through the voltage-gated proton channel itself was calculated and found to vary from 2.8 at 5°C to 2.2 at 45°C, as expected for an activation enthalpy of 64 kJ/mol. The thermodynamic features for proton permeation through proton-selective channels were discussed for the underlying mechanism. 相似文献
88.
Hideki Aoyagi Jin Yasuhira Atsushi Kuno Kimihiro Ono Chiharu Akimoto Shigeki Yoshida Hideo Tanaka 《Biotechnology letters》2002,24(13):1125-1129
Distribution of alginate oligomers (AO) which are endogenous elicitor-like substances, in cultured plant cells were investigated by using AO conjugated with monopotassium 7-amino-1,3-naphthalenedisulfonate (ANDS). When AO-ANDS was added at 0.5 g l–1 to the Catharanthus roseus cell culture, it adhered to the cells as observed by fluorescence microscopy. Using protoplasts of C. roseus, AO-ANDS was found not only in the cell walls but also in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. When C. roseus was cultivated in a medium containing oligo-galacturonic acids, as an endogenous elicitor, this was also found in the cell wall, cell membrane and cytoplasm of C. roseus cells. Similar results were also obtained with Wasabia japonica cells. 相似文献
89.
90.
Induction of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase by Nuclear Translocation and Activation of SIRT1 Promotes Cell Survival in Chronic Heart Failure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Masaya Tanno Atsushi Kuno Toshiyuki Yano Tetsuji Miura Shin Hisahara Satoko Ishikawa Kazuaki Shimamoto Yoshiyuki Horio 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2010,285(11):8375-8382
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in chronic heart failure. SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent histone/protein deacetylase, promotes cell survival under oxidative stress when it is expressed in the nucleus. However, adult cardiomyocytes predominantly express SIRT1 in the cytoplasm, and its function has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional role of SIRT1 in the heart and the potential use of SIRT1 in therapy for heart failure. We investigated the subcellular localization of SIRT1 in cardiomyocytes and its impact on cell survival. SIRT1 accumulated in the nucleus of cardiomyocytes in the failing hearts of TO-2 hamsters, postmyocardial infarction rats, and a dilated cardiomyopathy patient but not in control healthy hearts. Nuclear but not cytoplasmic SIRT1-induced manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), which was further enhanced by resveratrol, and increased the resistance of C2C12 myoblasts to oxidative stress. Resveratrol''s enhancement of Mn-SOD levels depended on the level of nuclear SIRT1, and it suppressed the cell death induced by antimycin A or angiotensin II. The cell-protective effects of nuclear SIRT1 or resveratrol were canceled by the Mn-SOD small interfering RNA or SIRT1 small interfering RNA. The oral administration of resveratrol to TO-2 hamsters increased Mn-SOD levels in cardiomyocytes, suppressed fibrosis, preserved cardiac function, and significantly improved survival. Thus, Mn-SOD induced by resveratrol via nuclear SIRT1 reduced oxidative stress and participated in cardiomyocyte protection. SIRT1 activators such as resveratrol could be novel therapeutic tools for the treatment of chronic heart failure. 相似文献