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131.
Hiroaki Harada Yoshinori Yamashita Keizo Misumi Norifumi Tsubokawa Junichi Nakao Junko Matsutani Miyako Yamasaki Tomomi Ohkawachi Kiyomi Taniyama 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
Background
To decrease the risk of postoperative complication, improving general and pulmonary conditioning preoperatively should be considered essential for patients scheduled to undergo lung surgery.Objective
The aim of this study is to develop a short-term beneficial program of preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation for lung cancer patients.Methods
From June 2009, comprehensive preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation (CHPR) including intensive nutritional support was performed prospectively using a multidisciplinary team-based approach. Postoperative complication rate and the transitions of pulmonary function in CHPR were compared with historical data of conventional preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation (CVPR) conducted since June 2006. The study population was limited to patients who underwent standard lobectomy.Results
Postoperative complication rate in the CVPR (n = 29) and CHPR (n = 21) were 48.3% and 28.6% (p = 0.2428), respectively. Those in patients with Charlson Comorbidity Index scores ≥2 were 68.8% (n = 16) and 27.3% (n = 11), respectively (p = 0.0341) and those in patients with preoperative risk score in Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress scores >0.3 were 57.9% (n = 19) and 21.4% (n = 14), respectively (p = 0.0362). Vital capacities of pre- and post intervention before surgery in the CHPR group were 2.63±0.65 L and 2.75±0.63 L (p = 0.0043), respectively; however, their transition in the CVPR group was not statistically significant (p = 0.6815). Forced expiratory volumes in one second of pre- and post intervention before surgery in the CHPR group were 1.73±0.46 L and 1.87±0.46 L (p = 0.0012), respectively; however, their transition in the CVPR group was not statistically significant (p = 0.6424).Conclusions
CHPR appeared to be a beneficial and effective short-term preoperative rehabilitation protocol, especially in patients with poor preoperative conditions. 相似文献132.
Ikki Matsuda Augustine Tuuga Chie Hashimoto Henry Bernard Juichi Yamagiwa Julia Fritz Keiko Tsubokawa Masato Yayota Tadahiro Murai Yuji Iwata Marcus Clauss 《Oecologia》2014,174(4):1127-1137
In mammalian herbivores, faecal particle size indicates chewing efficiency. Proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) are foregut fermenters in which regurgitation and remastication (i.e. rumination) was observed in the wild, but not with the same consistency as found in ruminants and camelids. To test whether this species has exceptional chewing efficiency among primates, as ruminants have among mammals, we compared faecal particle size in free-ranging specimens with those of 12 other primate species. The discrete mean faecal particle size (dMEAN) increased with body mass (M) as dMEAN (mm) = 0.65 (95 % confidence interval 0.49–0.87) M 0.33 (0.23–0.43) in simple-stomached species. At 0.53 ± 0.09 mm, dMEAN of proboscis monkeys was particularly small for their average M (15 kg) and significantly smaller than values of two other foregut fermenting primate species. While we cannot exclude other reasons for the exceptional chewing efficiency in proboscis monkeys, this represents circumstantial evidence for regular use of rumination in this species. Thus, proboscis monkeys might be a model for convergent evolution towards rumination in a non-ungulate taxon. 相似文献
133.
134.
Yuichi Ikeda Hidetoshi Kumagai Hiroaki Okazaki Mitsuhiro Fujishiro Yoshihiro Motozawa Seitaro Nomura Norifumi Takeda Haruhiro Toko Eiki Takimoto Hiroshi Akazawa Hiroyuki Morita Jun-ichi Suzuki Tsutomu Yamazaki Issei Komuro Masashi Yanagisawa 《PloS one》2015,10(6)
Identification of cognate ligands for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) provides a starting point for understanding novel regulatory mechanisms. Although GPCR ligands have typically been evaluated through the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins, recent studies have shown that GPCRs signal not only through G proteins but also through β-arrestins. As such, monitoring β-arrestin signaling instead of G protein signaling will increase the likelihood of identifying currently unknown ligands, including β-arrestin-biased agonists. Here, we developed a cell-based assay for monitoring ligand-dependent GPCR-β-arrestin interaction via β-lactamase enzyme fragment complementation. Inter alia, β-lactamase is a superior reporter enzyme because of its cell-permeable fluorescent substrate. This substrate makes the assay non-destructive and compatible with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). In a reporter cell, complementary fragments of β-lactamase (α and ω) were fused to β-arrestin 2 and GPCR, respectively. Ligand stimulation initiated the interaction of these chimeric proteins (β-arrestin-α and GPCR-ω), and this inducible interaction was measured through reconstituted β-lactamase activity. Utilizing this system, we screened various mammalian tissue extracts for agonistic activities on human bombesin receptor subtype 3 (hBRS3). We purified peptide E as a low-affinity ligand for hBRS3, which was also found to be an agonist for the other two mammalian bombesin receptors such as gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) and neuromedin B receptor (NMBR). Successful purification of peptide E has validated the robustness of this assay. We conclude that our newly developed system will facilitate the discovery of GPCR ligands. 相似文献
135.
136.
Changes in the fatty acid composition of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-producing Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 were investigated. The addition of cyanocobalamin, which is an active component of vitamin B12, decreased the content of odd-chain fatty acids such as pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0). Cyanocobalamin
may upregulate the cobalamin-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, which converts propionic acid to succinic acid, thereby decreasing
the content of odd-chain fatty acids. The addition of p-toluic acid resulted in a decrease in docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-6) content and an increase in eicosapentaenoic acid
(EPA, 20:5n-3) content in a dose-dependent manner. Two additional peaks of fatty acids, characterized as Δ4,7,10,14-eicosatetraenoic
acid (20:4n-7) and Δ4,7,10,14-docosatetraenoic acid (22:4n-9), were detected. 相似文献
137.
Norifumi Shirasaka Takuya Umehara Yasunori Fukuda Hajime Yoshizumi Sakayu Shimizu 《Mycoscience》2005,46(6):329-333
We investigated the characteristics of desaturation in Trichoderma sp. AM076. Although 6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid (18 : 3ω6) was detected when Trichoderma sp. AM076 was cultivated in the presence of 6,9-octadecadienoic acid (18 : 2ω9), the desaturation products of 6,9,12-octadecatrienoic
acid (18 : 3ω6) and 6-octadecenoic acid (18 : 1Δ6) were not detected. These results suggest that the double bonds at the Δ6
position of 18 : 3ω6 and 18 : 1Δ6 disturb their Δ15 and Δ9 desaturation, respectively. This fungus also introduced a double
bond at the Δ15 position of 9,12-hexadecadienoic acid (16 : 2ω4), thereby yielding a novel C16 polyunsaturated fatty acid
(PUFA) identified as 9,12,15-hexadecatrienoic acid (16 : 3ω1). Further investigations revealed that the mutant having enhanced
accumulation of linolenic aid (18 : 3ω3) accumulates 16 : 3ω1 as one of the major PUFAs, together with 9,12-octadecadienoic
acid (16 : 2ω4), when grown with palmitoleic acid (16 : 1ω7). These results suggest that, in this strain, the reaction that
catalyzes the conversion of linoleic acid to linolenic acid, similar to the conversion of 16 : 2ω4 to 16 : 3ω1, is not ω3
desaturation but Δ15 desaturation. 相似文献
138.
139.
Structural basis of human cytoglobin for ligand binding 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Sugimoto H Makino M Sawai H Kawada N Yoshizato K Shiro Y 《Journal of molecular biology》2004,339(4):873-885
Cytoglobin (Cgb), a newly discovered member of the vertebrate globin family, binds O(2) reversibly via its heme, as is the case for other mammalian globins (hemoglobin (Hb), myoglobin (Mb) and neuroglobin (Ngb)). While Cgb is expressed in various tissues, its physiological role is not clearly understood. Here, the X-ray crystal structure of wild type human Cgb in the ferric state at 2.4A resolution is reported. In the crystal structure, ferric Cgb is dimerized through two intermolecular disulfide bonds between Cys38(B2) and Cys83(E9), and the dimerization interface is similar to that of lamprey Hb and Ngb. The overall backbone structure of the Cgb monomer exhibits a traditional globin fold with a three-over-three alpha-helical sandwich, in which the arrangement of helices is basically the same among all globins studied to date. A detailed comparison reveals that the backbone structure of the CD corner to D helix region, the N terminus of the E-helix and the F-helix of Cgb resembles more closely those of pentacoordinated globins (Mb, lamprey Hb), rather than hexacoordinated globins (Ngb, rice Hb). However, the His81(E7) imidazole group coordinates directly to the heme iron as a sixth axial ligand to form a hexcoordinated heme, like Ngb and rice Hb. The position and orientation of the highly conserved residues in the heme pocket (Phe(CD1), Val(E11), distal His(E7) and proximal His(F8)) are similar to those of other globin proteins. Two alternative conformations of the Arg84(E10) guanidium group were observed, suggesting that it participates in ligand binding to Cgb, as is the case for Arg(E10) of Aplysia Mb and Lys(E10) of Ngb. The structural diversities and similarities among globin proteins are discussed with relevance to molecular evolutionary relationships. 相似文献
140.
Mizuho Kusuda Mitsuhiro Ueda Yasuhito Konishi Kazuyuki Matsuzawa Norifumi Shirasaka Masami Nakazawa Kazutaka Miyatake Takao Terashita 《Mycoscience》2004,45(6):383-389
To investigate the function of amylases in the fruit-body formation of an ectomycorrhizal fungus, Lyophyllum shimeji, we purified the extracellular amylase in the medium of this fungus. The purified enzyme was obtained from 1.7l stationary culture filtrate, with 4.2% recovery, and showed a single protein band on SDS-PAGE. The molecular mass was about 25kDa. The enzyme was most active at around 40°C and pH 5.0 and stable over pH 4.5–6.5 for 30min at 37°C. This amylase was remarkably activated by the presence of Ca2+ ion (7.7 times that of the control), but Ba2+ and Ag+ completely inhibited the activity. The amylase readily hydrolyzed the -1,4 glucosidic linkage such as dextrin and amylose A (MW, 2900), converting into glucose, and hydrolyzed the -1,6 glucosidic linkage of isomaltohexaose and amylopectin. However, the enzyme did not hydrolyze the cyclic polysaccharides. On the other hand, when a low molecular mass amylose A was hydrolyzed by this amylase, -anomer glucose was produced. From these results, we concluded that the amylase from L. shimeji seems to be a glucoamylase. 相似文献