全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2737篇 |
免费 | 180篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 37篇 |
2020年 | 17篇 |
2019年 | 31篇 |
2018年 | 33篇 |
2017年 | 28篇 |
2016年 | 55篇 |
2015年 | 100篇 |
2014年 | 92篇 |
2013年 | 148篇 |
2012年 | 211篇 |
2011年 | 201篇 |
2010年 | 125篇 |
2009年 | 105篇 |
2008年 | 152篇 |
2007年 | 193篇 |
2006年 | 160篇 |
2005年 | 143篇 |
2004年 | 158篇 |
2003年 | 169篇 |
2002年 | 146篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 30篇 |
1998年 | 32篇 |
1997年 | 32篇 |
1996年 | 25篇 |
1995年 | 28篇 |
1994年 | 25篇 |
1993年 | 22篇 |
1992年 | 27篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 19篇 |
1989年 | 19篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 22篇 |
1984年 | 20篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 19篇 |
1981年 | 19篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1975年 | 13篇 |
1974年 | 10篇 |
1969年 | 8篇 |
1968年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有2920条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
71.
Ralf Krumkamp Nimako Sarpong Benno Kreuels Lutz Ehlkes Wibke Loag Norbert Georg Schwarz Hajo Zeeb Yaw Adu-Sarkodie Jürgen May 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing health care utilization behavior for children with mild or severe disease symptoms in rural Ghana. Between March and September 2008 a cross-sectional health care utilization survey was conducted and 8,715 caregivers were interviewed regarding their intended behavior in case their children had mild or severe fever or diarrhea. To show associations between hospital attendance and further independent factors (e.g. travel distance or socio-economic status) prevalence ratios were calculated for the four disease symptoms. A Poisson regression model was used to control for potential confounding. Frequency of hospital attendance decreased constantly with increasing distance to the health facility. Being enrolled in the national health insurance scheme increased the intention to attend a hospital. The effect of the other factors diminished in the Poisson regression if modeled together with travel distance. The observed associations weakened with increasing severity of symptoms, which indicates that barriers to visit a hospital are less important if children experience a more serious illness. As shown in other studies, travel distance to a health care provider had the strongest effect on health care utilization. Studies to identify local barriers to access health care services are important to inform health policy making as they identify deprived populations with low access to health services and to early treatment. 相似文献
72.
Christian Rosenberg Antje Kickhefel Birger Mensel Tilman Pickartz Ralf Puls Joerg Roland Norbert Hosten 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
Objective
To compare the accuracy of a semi-quantitative proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) thermal mapping interface and an alternative qualitative T1 thermometry model in predicting tissue necrosis in an established routine setting of MRI-guided laser ablation in the human liver.Materials and Methods
34 cases of PRFS-guided (GRE) laser ablation were retrospectively matched with 34 cases from an earlier patient population of 73 individuals being monitored through T1 magnitude image evaluation (FLASH 2D). The model-specific real-time estimation of necrotizing thermal impact (above 54 °C zone and T1 signal loss, respectively) was correlated in size with the resulting necrosis as shown by lack of enhancement on the first-day contrast exam (T1). Matched groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney test.Results
Online PRFS guidance was available in 33 of 34 cases. Positive size correlation between calculated impact zone and contrast defect at first day was evident in both groups (p < 0.0004). The predictive error estimating necrosis was median 21 % (range 1 % - 52 %) in the PRFS group and 61 % (range 22 - 84 %) in the T1 magnitude group. Differences in estimating lethal impact were significant (p = 0.004), whereas the real extent of therapy-induced necrosis showed no significant difference (p > 0.28) between the two groups.Conclusion
PRFS thermometry is feasible in a clinical setting of thermal hepatic tumor ablation. As an interference-free MR-tool for online therapy monitoring its accuracy to predict tissue necrosis is superior to a competing model of thermally induced alteration of the T1 magnitude signal. 相似文献73.
Anagha Sen Shumei Ren Carolin Lerchenmüller Jianxin Sun Norbert Weiss Patrick Most Karsten Peppel 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
The Ca2+ sensor S100A1 is essential for proper endothelial cell (EC) nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) activation. S100A1 levels are greatly reduced in primary human microvascular ECs subjected to hypoxia, rendering them dysfunctional. However mechanisms that regulate S100A1 levels in ECs are unknown. Here we show that ECs transfected with a S100A1–3′ untranslated region (UTR) luciferase reporter construct display significantly reduced gene expression when subjected to low oxygen levels or chemical hypoxia. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that microRNA -138 (MiR-138) could target the 3′UTR of S100A1. Patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) or mice subjected to femoral artery resection (FAR) displayed increased MiR-138 levels and decreased S100A1 protein expression. Consistent with this finding, hypoxia greatly increased MiR-138 levels in ECs, but not in skeletal muscle C2C12 myoblasts or differentiated myotubes or primary human vascular smooth muscle cells. Transfection of a MiR-138 mimic into ECs reduced S100A1–3 ‘UTR reporter gene expression, while transfection of an anti MiR-138 prevented the hypoxia-induced downregulation of the reporter gene. Deletion of the 22 nucleotide putative MiR-138 target site abolished the hypoxia-induced loss of reporter gene expression. Knockdown of Hif1-α mediated by siRNA prevented loss of hypoxia-induced reporter gene expression. Conversely, specific activation of Hif1-α by a selective prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor (IOX2) reduced reporter gene expression even in the absence of hypoxia. Finally, primary ECs transfected with a MiR-138 mimic displayed reduced tube formation when plated onto Matrigel matrix and expressed less NO when stimulated with VEGF. These effects were reversed by gene transfer of S100A1 using recombinant adenovirus. We conclude that hypoxia-induced MiR-138 is an essential mediator of EC dysfunction via its ability to target the 3′UTR of S100A1. 相似文献
74.
75.
Maria Rohm Anke Sommerfeld Daniela Strzoda Allan Jones Tjeerd P. Sijmonsma Gottfried Rudofsky Christian Wolfrum Carsten Sticht Norbert Gretz Maximilian Zeyda Lukas Leitner Peter P. Nawroth Thomas M. Stulnig Mauricio Berriel Diaz Alexandros Vegiopoulos Stephan Herzig 《Cell metabolism》2013,17(4):575-585
- Download : Download high-res image (175KB)
- Download : Download full-size image
76.
77.
Stefano Toldo Rachel W. Goehe Marzia Lotrionte Eleonora Mezzaroma Evan T. Sumner Giuseppe G. L. Biondi-Zoccai Ignacio M. Seropian Benjamin W. Van Tassell Francesco Loperfido Giovanni Palazzoni Norbert F. Voelkel Antonio Abbate David A. Gewirtz 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
Purpose
The antineoplastic efficacy of anthracyclines is limited by their cardiac toxicity. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of doxorubicin, non-pegylated liposomal-delivered doxorubicin, and epirubicin in HL-1 adult cardiomyocytes in culture as well as in the mouse in vivo.Methods
The cardiomyocytes were incubated with the three anthracyclines (1 µM) to assess reactive oxygen generation, DNA damage and apoptotic cell death. CF-1 mice (10/group) received doxorubicin, epirubicin or non-pegylated liposomal-doxorubicin (10 mg/kg) and cardiac function was monitored by Doppler echocardiography to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (CO) both prior to and 10 days after drug treatment.Results
In HL-1 cells, non-pegylated liposomal-doxorubicin generated significantly less reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as less DNA damage and apoptosis activation when compared with doxorubicin and epirubicin. Cultured breast tumor cells showed similar sensitivity to the three anthracyclines. In the healthy mouse, non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin showed a minimal and non-significant decrease in LVEF with no change in HR or CO, compared to doxorubicin and epirubicin.Conclusion
This study provides evidence for reduced cardiac toxicity of non-pegylated-liposomal doxorubicin characterized by attenuation of ROS generation, DNA damage and apoptosis in comparison to epirubicin and doxorubicin. 相似文献78.
Norbert Pfeiffer Julia Lamparter Adrian Gericke Franz H. Grus Esther M. Hoffmann Jochen Wahl 《Cell and tissue research》2013,353(2):245-251
Intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering therapy has been shown to arrest or retard the progression of optic neuropathy typical for glaucoma and can, thus, be described as neuroprotective. At present, six classes of medical therapy are employed, namely parasympathomimetics, alpha/beta-sympathomimetics, β-blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2-adrenergic receptor agonists and prostaglandin analogues. For several of these substances, some experimental evidence exists of a possible neuroprotective mechanism, beyond their IOP-lowering activity. β-Blockers are involved in the up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and can decrease glutamate-mediated NMDA receptor activation. Not only systemic but also topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are able to increase retinal blood flow. α2-Adrenergic receptor agonists can up-regulate the formation of BDNF and anti-apoptotic factors. Prostaglandin analogues increase blood flow to the eye, possibly including the retina. To date, evidence for a neuroprotective effect independent of IOP regulation in human glaucoma is scarce and has only been shown to be likely for the α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, brimonidine. 相似文献
79.
Toxoplasma gondii nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) 1 was crystallized in an intermediate tetrameric conformation. The crystal structure is similar to that of T. gondii NTPDase3 and represents an inactive conformation as the activating disulfide bridge is not reduced and the active site cleft between the two domains of each monomer is open. However, the arrangement of the monomers within the tetramer differs from that of the inactive form of NTPDase3 and may represent an intermediate conformation on the path of the closure motion of the tetramer induced upon activation. Proteins 2013; 81:1271–1276. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
80.
Weidong He Luc Van Puyvelde Jan Bosselaers Norbert De Kimpe Marc Van Der Flaas Annemie Roymans 《Biofouling》2013,29(3):221-226
A screening of antifouling activity from plants extracts led to selection and further study of Maesa lanceolata Forssk. Two p‐benzoquinone compounds were isolated from the fruits and found to be active against Artemia salina. The anti‐crustacean activity of both p‐benzoquinones is reported for the first time. 相似文献