This paper describes methods of semi-mass culture and the quantification of algal color sprayed on a concrete board of the alga Klebsormidium flaccidum (Küitzing) S. Mattox et Blackwell. The alga was cultured in 100 L tanks normally used for hatching brine shrimp, with aeration from the deepest parts of the slanting sides. Initially mean algal density increased rapidly and attained 9.1 times the original density after 4 weeks. Subsequently, increase of the algal density was slow, and the density became 16.1 times the original level after 8 weeks. The alga cultured in this study was sprayed on to a concrete board using an agricultural sprayer. The relationship between the algal density on the board and its color, expressed as L*a*b* color space, was quantified. The chromaticity was maximum as the algal density on the board was about 5 g/m2, and the color was most vivid. When the algal density was more than 20 g/m2, both the lightness and chromaticity changed slightly, and the color became dark green. 相似文献
The genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi in patients with scrub typhus in Miyazaki Prefecture were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Specific patterns for genotypes Irie, Hirano, Tazume and Yoshimura were detected in 26, 6, 5 and 2 of 39 DNA samples obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, respectively. DNA sequences of the PCR products from the Tazume strain were genetically very close to the Hirano strain and the Yoshimura strain was also very close to the Karp strain. Furthermore, the DNA sequences from the Irie and Tazume strains were completely homologous to the reported sequences of the Kawasaki and Kuroki strains, respectively. 相似文献
Immunochemical cross-reactivity of wound- and auxin-induced1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase was examinedwith the antibody against wound-induced ACC synthase purifiedfrom mesocarp of winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.). Theantibody recognized ACC synthase from wounded hypocotyls ofwinter squash and from wounded pericarp of tomato fruits, butnot the enzyme from IAA-treated hypocotyls of winter squash,tomato and mung bean. These results indicate that the primarystructure of the wound-induced enzyme is different from thatof the auxin-induced enzyme in the same species, and impliesthat there are two different genes for ACC synthase, one forwound induction and the other for auxin induction. (Received June 14, 1988; Accepted July 20, 1988) 相似文献
Leaves of Poaceae have a unique morphological feature: they consist of a proximal sheath and a distal blade separated by a ligular region. The sheath provides structural support and protects young developing leaves, whereas the main function of the blade is photosynthesis. The auricles allow the blade to tilt back for optimal photosynthesis and determine the angle of a leaf, whereas the ligule protects the stem from the entry of water, microorganisms, and pests. Liguleless variants have an upright leaf blade that wraps around the culm. Research on liguleless mutants of maize and other cereals has led to identification of genes that are involved in leaf patterning and differentiation.
Results
We characterized an induced liguleless mutant (LM) of Aegilops tauschii Coss., a donor of genome D of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L.. The liguleless phenotype of LM is under dominant monogenic control (Lgt). To determine precise position of Lgt on the Ae. tauschii genetic map, highly saturated genetic maps were constructed containing 887 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived via diversity arrays technology (DArT)seq. The Lgt gene was mapped to chromosome 5DS. Taking into account coordinates of the SNP markers, flanking Lgt, on the pseudomolecule 5D, a chromosomal region that contains this gene was determined, and a list of candidate genes was identified. Morphological features of the LM phenotype suggest that Lgt participates in the control of leaf development, mainly, in leaf proximal–distal patterning, and its dominant mutation causes abnormal ligular region but does not affect reproductive development.
Conclusions
Here we report characterization of a liguleless Ae. tauschii mutant, whose phenotype is under control of a dominant mutation of Lgt. The dominant mode of inheritance of the liguleless trait in a Triticeae species is reported for the first time. The position of the Lgt locus on chromosome 5DS allowed us to identify a list of candidate genes. This list does not contain Ae. tauschii orthologs of any well-characterized cereal genes whose mutations cause liguleless phenotypes. Thus, the characterized Lgt mutant represents a new model for further investigation of plant leaf patterning and differentiation.
Migration of exsheathed infective juveniles of Steinernema carpocapsae to plasma of the host insect Spodoptera litura was not affected by treatments with the lectins concanavalin A, soybean agglutinin, or wheat germ agglutinin; with the enzymes neuraminidase, α-mannosidase, lipase, pronase, or phospholipase C; or with cetyl trimethylammonium bromide or spermidine. Treatment with sodium metaperiodate or sodium hypochlorite inhibited nematode attraction towards insect plasma; numbers of randomly wandering nematodes increased. Nematode migration towards the source of attraction was unaffected by temperatures below 33 C but was impaired at 35 and 37 C. The adverse effect of 5 mM and 10 mM NaIO₄ on migratory behavior was reversed 24 hours after rinsing with buffered saline. The effect of NaOCl on nematode behavior was slightly reversible at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4% (v/v) but apparently irreversible at 0.6 and 1.0%. The effect of heat treatment at 35 and 37 C was reversible. 相似文献
It has been shown that humans prefer consonant sounds from the early stages of development. From a comparative psychological
perspective, although previous studies have shown that birds and monkeys can discriminate between consonant and dissonant
sounds, it remains unclear whether nonhumans have a spontaneous preference for consonant music over dissonant music as humans
do. We report here that a five-month-old human-raised chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) preferred consonant music. The infant chimpanzee consistently preferred to produce, with the aid of our computerized setup,
consonant versions of music for a longer duration than dissonant versions. This result suggests that the preference for consonance
is not unique to humans. Further, it supports the hypothesis that one major basis of musical appreciation has some evolutionary
origins. 相似文献