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101.
Evidence that Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Is Involved in Age-Induced Apoptosis in Mature Cerebellar Neurons in Culture 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Ryoichi Ishitani Katsuyoshi Sunaga Atsushi Hirano †Paul Saunders Nobuo Katsube †De-Maw Chuang 《Journal of neurochemistry》1996,66(3):928-935
Abstract: Under typical culture conditions, cerebellar granule cells die abruptly after 17 days in vitro. This burst of neuronal death involves ultrastructural changes and internucleosomal DNA fragmentations characteristic of apoptosis and is effectively arrested by pretreatment with actinomycin-D and cycloheximide. The level of a 38-kDa protein in the particulate fraction is markedly increased during age-induced cell death and by pretreatment with NMDA, which potentiates this cell death. Conversely, the age-induced increment of the 38-kDa particulate protein is suppressed by actinomycin-D and cycloheximide. N-terminal microsequencing of the 38-kDa protein revealed sequence identity with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). A GAPDH antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide blocks age-induced expression of the particulate 38-kDa protein and effectively inhibits neuronal apoptosis. In contrast, the corresponding sense oligonucleotide of GAPDH was completely ineffective in preventing the age-induced neuronal death and the 38-kDa protein overexpression. Moreover, the age-induced expression of the 38-kDa protein is preceded by a pronounced increase in the GAPDH mRNA level, which is abolished by actinomycin-D, cycloheximide, or the GAPDH antisense, but not sense, oligonucleotide. Thus, our results suggest that overexpression of GAPDH in the particulate fraction has a direct role in age-induced apoptosis of cerebellar neurons. 相似文献
102.
Protein Kinases Are Involved in Prolonged Acetylcholine Release from Rat Hippocampus Induced by Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogue NS-3 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Michiko Oka Yoshinori Itoh Yojiro Ukai Yoshiaki Yoshikuni Kiyoshi Kimura 《Journal of neurochemistry》1996,66(5):1889-1893
Abstract: The effects of various protein kinase inhibitors on acetylcholine release from the rat hippocampus induced by the local application of NS-3 (montirelin hydrate, CG-3703), a thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogue, into the medial septum-diagonal band were examined using in vivo microdialysis. Perfusion of NS-3 (1 µ M ) into the medial septum-diagonal band for 20 min produced a pronounced and prolonged increase in the hippocampal acetylcholine efflux. Pretreatment of the medial septum-diagonal band with either K-252a, a nonselective protein kinase inhibitor, or selective protein kinase A inhibitor H-89 almost completely blocked the acetylcholine efflux evoked by NS-3, and selective protein kinase C inhibitor calphostin C inhibited the action of NS-3. On the other hand, NS-3 (0.1–10 µ M ) or TRH (1–100 µ M ) increased the cyclic AMP efflux from the medial septum-diagonal band in a concentration-dependent manner, as measured by microdialysis. These findings suggest that protein kinases A and C in the neurons of the medial septum-diagonal band are involved in the mechanism of the prolonged stimulation of acetylcholine release from the hippocampus induced by thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its analogue, NS-3. 相似文献
103.
Hiroko Tsukano Ken-Ichiro Itoh Sosuke Suzuki Haruo Watanabe 《Microbiology and immunology》1996,40(10):773-775
A PCR method for detection of Yersinia pestis-virulence determinants by the use of multiplex primers was developed. Four pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed from each gene of three kinds of virulent plasmids and a chromosomal DNA; 60-Md plasmid-located gene (caf1) encoding Y. pestis-specific capsular antigen fraction 1, a Y. pestis-specific region of a yopM gene encoded on 42-Md virulent plasmid, a plasminogen activator gene (pla) encoded on Y. pestis-specific 7-Md plasmid and an invasin protein gene (inv) encoded on chromosomal DNA. This multiplex-primer system was specific for the detection of Y. pestis among pathogenic Yersinia species and other enterobacteriaceae having antigens common to Y. pestis. Since this method is simple and safe, it will be useful to identify and confirm Y. pestis in cases of emergency and for the surveillance of epidemics. 相似文献
104.
Severe combined immune deficiency (scid) mice are assumed to have two types of abnormalities: one is high radiosensitivity and the other is abnormal recombination
in immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes. The human chromosome 8 q1.1 region has an ability to complement the scid aberrations. Moreover, the localization of the subunit DNA-dependent protein kinase [DNA-PKcs] participating in DNA double-strand break repair in the same locus was clarified. In scid mouse cells, the number of DNA-PKcs products and extent of DNA-PK activity remarkably decrease. These observations gave rise to the assumption that DNA-PKcs is the scid factor itself. In order to determine whether the DNA-PK
cs
gene is the scid gene, we isolated the mouse DNA-PK
cs
gene and investigated its chromosomal locus by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Consequently, it became clear that
the mouse DNA-PK
cs
gene existed in the centromeric region of mouse chromosome 16, determined by cross-genetic study, as a scid locus. This finding strongly suggests that mouse DNA-PK
cs
is the scid gene.
Received: 22 March 1996 相似文献
105.
K. ARIHARA, S. OGIHARA, T. MUKAI, M. ITOH AND Y. KONDO. 1996. Fifteen of 353 environmental isolates of lactic acid bacteria consistently showed activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus , and/or Propionibacterium acnes . Strain T140, isolated from the surface of Japanese pampas grass leaves and identified as Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius , also had activity against several Lactobacillus species, Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica . Since the antagonistic factor(s) produced by T140 was sensitive to a proteolytic enzyme, it was concluded that a bacteriocin (named salivacin 140) was involved in the inhibition activity. Strain T140 required a high initial pH (7.5–8.5) in agar plates for bacteriocin production. 相似文献
106.
Itoh Shigeru; Iwaki Masayo; Tomo Tatsuya; Satoh Kimiyuki 《Plant & cell physiology》1996,37(6):833-839
Transient absorbance changes of the primary electron donor chlorophylla (P680) and acceptor pheophytin a (H) were measured at 77 Kby nanosecond laser spectroscopy in the D1-D2-cytochrome b559photosystem II reaction center complex containing dibromomethylisopropylbenzoquinone (DBMIB). After the laser excitation of the reactioncenter in the presence of DBMIB, only the P680+-(DBMIB-) statewas detected. P680+ mainly decayed with a t1/e of 11 ms. Inthe absence of DBMIB, the excitation produced the P680+H- radicalpair. The radical pair produced the triplet state (P680T) witha t1/e of 50 ns, and P680T then decayed with a t1/e of 2.1 ms.It was concluded that H- was oxidized by DBMIB in a time rangefaster than the detecting time resolution (3.5 ns) even at 77K. The rapid oxidation of H- by DBMIB was also confirmed bythe suppression of delayed fluorescence with a decay t1/e of50 ns. The P680+(DBMIB-)/P680(DBMIB) difference spectrum exhibiteda Qy, band with a peak at 682 nm with a shoulder at 673 nm.The spectral shape was almost temperature insensitive between77 and 265 K. The feature of this spectrum in the wavelengthrange between 330 and 720 nm was compared with that of P680T/P680or H-/H at 77 K. (Received May 8, 1996; Accepted June 24, 1996) 相似文献
107.
Summary Subcellular compartments comprising the endomembrane system in filamentous fungi are poorly characterized with most showing significant morphological differences from eukaryotic cells. For example, many filamentous fungi lack stacked Golgi-body cisternae, but contain Golgi equivalents — single cisternae or tubules which appear to serve the same functions. To help identify fungal endomembrane compartments and interrelationships between them we used a pharmacological agent, brefeldin A, known to affect specific endomembrane organelles in other organisms, most prominently the Golgi apparatus. At 10 g/ml brefeldin A, radial hyphal growth of the rice blast pathogenMagnaporthe grisea on solid agar medium was reduced by 96% over an initial 48 h, but recovered and was reduced by only 20% over a subsequent 72 h exposure. Light microscopic examination of individual living hyphae showed that apical elongation generally halted within 1 min after exposure to brefeldin A. Acute effects of 14 g/ml brefeldin A were characterized ultrasiructurally in cells prepared by freeze substitution. These included the appearance of two types of cisternae with unusual morphology, associated with ca. 45 nm diameter vesicles, as well as the unexpected persistence and increase in complexity of the Golgi equivalents. Also observed were (1) reduced numbers of apicale vesicles and disruption of Spitzenkörper organization, (2) apical clusters of 30–35 nm diameter microvesicles and associated tubular arrays, (3) dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, (4) packets of membrane-bounded electron-opaque cell wall inclusions, and (5) altered morphology of some vacuolar compartments. The distribution of concanavalin A binding sites, previously mapped to particular endomembrane compartments, was documented to aid the interpretation of these results. We conclude that brefeldin A effects on cells ofM. grisea differ from those reported with plant and animal cells, perhaps reflecting underlying differences in the endomembrane systems among these eukaryotes.Abbreviations BFA
brefeldin A
- ConA
concanavalin A
- ER
endoplasmic reticulum
- PDA
potato dextrose agar
- RER
rough endoplasmic reticulum 相似文献
108.
A cladistic analysis was used to deduce the phylogenetic relationships within the colonial Volvocales. Forty-one pairs of characters related to gross morphology and ultrastructure of vegetative colonies as well as asexual and sexual reproduction were analyzed based on parsimony, using the PAUP 3.0 computer program, for 25 species belonging to nine volvocacean and goniacean genera of the colonial Volvocales. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard was the outgroup. The strict consensus tree indicated the presence of two monophyletic groups, one composed of all the volvocacean species analyzed in this study and the other containing the goniacean species except for the four-celled species Gonium sociale (Dujardin) Warming. In addition, these two groups constitute a large monophyletic group, to which G. sociale is a sister group. A new combination Tetrabaena socialis (Dujardin) Nozaki et Itoh and a new family Tetrabaenaceae Nozaki et Itoh are thus proposed for G. sociale. In addition, the analysis suggests that the volvocacean genera Eudorina and Pleodorina are paraphyletic groups, respectively, and that the monotypic genus Yamagishiella has no autapomorphic characters and represents primitive features of the anisogamous and oogamous genera of the Volvocaceae. Phylogenetic relationships within the Volvocaceae and the Goniaceae, as well as the various modes of sexual reproduction exhibited by these organisms, are discussed on the basis of the analysis. 相似文献
109.
The soybean embryo factor binding sequence in the glycinin A2B1a gene promoter was delimited to an A/T-rich 9 bp sequence, 5-TAATAATTT-3, designated as the glycinin box, by DNA footprinting and gel mobility shift assay using synthetic oligonucleotides. It was shown that the interaction with the factor takes place at a defined DNA sequence rather than at random A/T-rich sequence blocks in the glycinin 5 flanking region. There are four glycinin boxes in the quantitative regulatory region between positions – 545 and – 378 of the glycinin A2B1a promoter. Multiple nonamer motifs similar to the glycinin box were also found in the equivalent regions of other glycinin and legumin promoters, suggesting that they must be conserved as a binding site for the embryo factor that activates the differential and stage-specific expression of seed 11S globulin genes in leguminous plants. 相似文献
110.
Oh-oka Hirozo; Kakutani Saki; Matsubara Hiroshi; Malkin Richard; Itoh Shigeru 《Plant & cell physiology》1993,34(1):93-101
The photoactive reaction center (RC) complex from the greensulfur bacterium Chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum, strainLarsen, was isolated after solubilization and ammonium sulfatefractionation followed by ion-exchange chromatography. The spectrumof the complex was almost identical with that of the similarRC complex isolated by Feiler et al. [(1992) Biochemistry 31:26082614] except for the presence of cytochrome c551instead of c553 in the latter study. A molecular ratio of BChla to P840 of the isolated RC complex was assayed to be 2535.SDSPAGE analysis revealed that the isolated complex containedthree major polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 68,41 and 21 kDa, respectively. The 21-kDa polypeptide was identifiedto be a heme-binding protein by staining the gel for peroxidaseactivity. The cytochrome c551 was oxidized by flash light ina biphasic manner with half times of 90 and 390 µs, respectively,that coincided with the reduction half times of P840+. Threedistinct iron-sulfur centers assigned to FA, FB and Fx, respectively,from their g-values were detected by EPR spectroscopy at cryogenictemperature. These results suggest that the present preparationcontains a minimal functional unit of the RC of this bacterium,and that this complex appears to lie on a evolutionary linebetween RC's of purple bacteria and photosystem I. (Received August 18, 1992; Accepted October 28, 1992) 相似文献