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81.
Molecular survey of Babesia microti, Ehrlichia species and Candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis in wild rodents from Shimane Prefecture, Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tabara K Arai S Kawabuchi T Itagaki A Ishihara C Satoh H Okabe N Tsuji M 《Microbiology and immunology》2007,51(4):359-367
A significant number of patients are diagnosed with "fevers of unknown origin" (FUO) in Shimane Prefecture in Japan where tick-borne diseases are endemic. We conducted molecular surveys for Babesia microti, Ehrlichia species, and Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis in 62 FUO cases and 62 wild rodents from Shimane Prefecture, Japan. PCR using primers specific for the Babesia 18S small-subunit rRNA (rDNA) gene and Anaplasmataceae groESL amplified products from 45% (28/62) and 25.8% (16/62) of captured mice, respectively. Of the 28 18S rDNA PCR positives, 23 and five samples were positive for Hobetsu- and Kobe-type B. microti, respectively. In contrast, of the 16 groESL PCR positives, eight, one and seven samples were positive for Ehrlichia muris, Ehrlichia sp. HF565 and Candidatus N. mikurensis, respectively. Inoculation of selected blood samples into Golden Syrian hamsters indicated the presence of Hobetsu- and Kobe-type B. microti in four and one sample, respectively. Isolation of the latter strain was considered important as previous studies suggested that the distribution of this type was so far confined to Awaji Island in Hyogo Prefecture, where the first case of transfusion-associated human babesiosis originated. DNA samples from 62 FUO human cases tested negative for B. microti 18S rDNA gene, Anaplasmataceae groESL gene, Rickettsia japonica 17K genus-common antigen gene and Orientia tsutsugamushi 56K antigen gene by PCRs. We also conducted seroepidemiological surveys on 62 human sera collected in Shimane Prefecture from the FUO patients who were suspected of carrying tick-borne diseases. However, indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests using B. microti- and E. muris-infected cells detected IgG against E. muris in only a single positive sample. This study demonstrates the presence of several potentially important tick-borne pathogens in Shimane Prefecture and suggests the need for further study on the causative agents of FUOs. 相似文献
82.
Immunohistochemical detection of hypoxia in mouse liver tissues treated with pimonidazole using “in vivo cryotechnique” 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Wang J Olin M Rozell B Björkhem I Einarsson C Eggertsen G Gåfvels M 《Histochemistry and cell biology》2007,127(3):253-261
To evaluate hypoxic cells in live mouse liver tissues, immunohistochemistry for protein adducts of reductively activated pimonidazole
(PARaPi) was performed using the “in vivo cryotechnique (IVCT)” followed by freeze-substitution fixation. This method was
used because cryotechniques have some merits for examining biological events in living animal organs with improved time-resolution
compared to conventional perfusion and/or immersion chemical fixation. Pimonidazole was intraperitoneally injected into living
mice, and then after various times of hypoxia, their livers were quickly frozen by IVCT. The frozen liver tissues were freeze-substituted
in acetone containing 2% paraformaldehyde, and routinely embedded in paraffin wax. De-paraffinized sections were immunostained
for PARaPi. In liver tissues of mice without hypoxia, almost no immunostained cells were detected. However, in liver tissues
with 30 s of hypoxia, some hepatocytes in the pericentral zones were strongly immunostained. After 60 s of hypoxia, many hepatocytes
were immunostained with various degrees of staining intensity in all lobular zones, indicating different reactivities of pimonidazole
in the hepatocytes to hypoxia. At this time, the general immunoreactivity also appeared to be stronger around the central
veins than other portal areas. Although many hepatocytes were immunostained for PARaPi in the liver tissues with perfusion
fixation via heart, those with perfusion via portal vein were not immunostained. Thus, IVCT is useful to detect time-dependent
hypoxic states with pimonidazole treatment in living animal organs. 相似文献
83.
Root endophytes enhance stress‐tolerance of Cicuta virosa L. growing in a mining pond of eastern Japan
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Satoshi Nagata Keiko Yamaji Nobuhiko Nomura Hiroshi Ishimoto 《Plant Species Biology》2015,30(2):116-125
Cicuta virosa L. plants can grow in a pond subjected to heavy‐metal inputs at the Hitachi mine, eastern Japan. They accumulate heavy‐metal elements, especially high concentrations of zinc (Zn), in their roots. We focused on the role that root bacterial endophytes play in the heavy‐metal uptake of plants and the provision of heavy‐metal tolerance within plants. Our purpose was to clarify the effects of endophytes on: (i) Zn accumulation in C. virosa roots; (ii) growth of C. virosa seedlings; and (iii) heavy‐metal tolerance of C. virosa plants. Root endophytic Pseudomonas putida and Rhodopseudomonas sp., which induced the high production of Zn‐chelating compounds, were selected for the seedling inoculation test. The results of the inoculation test demonstrated that both strains of endophytes increased Zn accumulation in C. virosa roots by solubilizing Zn in the sediment. Both strains also increased the growth of seedlings by possible production of indole‐3‐acetic acid in the plant. The heavy‐metal tolerance of C. virosa seedlings was likely promoted by producing metal‐chelating compounds that detoxify the metals in the plant tissues, and by decreasing the heavy‐metal contents in the tissues via rapid seedling growth. Thus, such mutualistic interactions between plants and bacteria contribute to the persistence of C. virosa in this severe environment. 相似文献
84.
Holger Maier Christine Schütt Ralph Steinkamp Anja Hurt Elida Schneltzer Philipp Gormanns Christoph Lengger Mark Griffiths David Melvin Neha Agrawal Rafael Alcantara Arthur Evans David Gannon Simon Holroyd Christian Kipp Navis Pretheeba Raj David Richardson Sophie LeBlanc Laurent Vasseur Hiroshi Masuya Kimio Kobayashi Tomohiro Suzuki Nobuhiko Tanaka Shigeharu Wakana Alison Walling David Clary Juan Gallegos Helmut Fuchs Martin Hrabě de Angelis Valerie Gailus-Durner 《Mammalian genome》2015,26(9-10):467-481
85.
86.
Eshima N Tokumaru O Hara S Bacal K Korematsu S Tabata M Karukaya S Yasui Y Okabe N Matsuishi T 《PloS one》2011,6(4):e19409
Background
The objective of the present study was to determine whether the morbidity rates of the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus (pdmH1N1) varied by age and/or sex.Methods and Findings
Retrospective analysis of 2,024,367 cases of pdmH1N1 was performed using the national surveillance data from influenza sentinel points in Japan. The male-to-female morbidity ratios (M/F ratios) in nineteen age groups were estimated as the primary outcome. The M/F ratios for pdmH1N1 influenza were: >1 in age groups <20 years and ≥80 years (p<0.001); <1 in age groups 20–79 years (p<0.001). This data suggests that males <20 years of age may be more likely to suffer from pdmH1N1 influenza than females in the same age categories. When the infection pattern for pdmH1N1was compared with that of seasonal influenza outbreaks between 2000 and 2008, the M/F ratio for pdmH1N1 influenza was higher in ages 3–29 years and lower in ages 40–79 years. Because the present study was based on the national surveillance, it was impossible to estimate the morbidity rate for the Japanese population. It is also likely that the data did not capture asymptomatic or mild infections.Conclusions
Although exposure to the pdmH1N1 virus is assumed to be similar in both boys and girls, M/F ratios were >1 in those younger than 20 years. The subsequent reversal of the M/F ratio in the adult generation could be due to several possibilities, including: greater immunity among adult males, more asymptomatic infections among males, less reporting of illness by males, or differences in exposure to the virus and probability of visiting a clinic. These results suggest that the infection and virulence patterns of pdmH1N1 are more complex than previously considered. 相似文献87.
Bhuiya MW Sakuraba H Ohshima T Imagawa T Katunuma N Tsuge H 《Journal of molecular biology》2005,345(2):325-337
The extremely thermostable NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD-GluDH) from Pyrobaculum islandicum, a member of the Crenarchaeota, was crystallized, and its 3D structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The homohexameric structure of Pb. islandicum glutamate dehydrogenase (Pis-GluDH) was solved and refined at a resolution of 2.9A with a crystallographic R-factor of 19.9% (Rfree 26.0%). The structure indicates that each subunit consists of two domains separated by a deep cleft containing an active site. The secondary structural elements and catalytically important residues of the enzyme were highly conserved among the NAD(P)-dependent GluDHs from other sources. A structural comparison of Pis-GluDH with other NAD(P)-dependent GluDHs suggests that a significant difference in the alpha8-loop-alpha9 region of this enzyme is associated with its coenzyme specificity. From the analysis of the 3D structure, hydrophobic interactions between intersubunits were found to be important features for the enzyme oligomerization. It has been reported that Pis-GluDH is highly thermostable, like the GluDH of the hyperthermophilic archaeum Pyrococcus furiosus, and the increase in the intersubunit ion pair networks is responsible for the extreme thermostability of the Pc. furiosus enzyme. However, the number of intersubunit ion pairs in the Pis-GluDH molecules is much smaller than those of the Pc. furiosus GluDH. The number of hydrophobic interactions at the intersubunit interfaces were increased and responsible for the extremely high thermostability. This indicates that the major molecular strategy for high thermostability of the GluDHs may be different for each hyperthermophile. 相似文献
88.
Terada N Ohno N Yamakawa H Ohara O Liao X Baba T Ohno S 《Histochemistry and cell biology》2005,124(3-4):303-311
Protein 4.1 families have recently been established as potential organizers of an adherens system. In the adult mouse testis,
protein 4.1G (4.1G) localized as a line pattern in both basal and adluminal compartments of the seminiferous tubules, attaching
regions of germ cells and Sertoli cells. By double staining for 4.1G and F-actin, their localizations were shown to be different,
indicating that 4.1G was localized in a region other than the basal and apical ectoplasmic specializations, which formed the
Sertoli–Sertoli cell junction and Sertoli–spermatid junction, respectively. By electron microscopy, immunoreactive products
were seen exclusively on the cell membranes of Sertoli cells, attaching to the various differentiating germ cells. The immunolocalization
of cadherin was identical to that of 4.1G, supporting the idea that 4.1G may be functionally interconnected with adhesion
molecules. In an experimental mouse model of cadmium treatment, in which tight and adherens junctions of seminiferous tubules
were disrupted, the 4.1G immunostaining in the seminiferous tubules was dramatically decreased. These results indicate that
4.1G may have a basic adhesive function between Sertoli cells and germ cells from the side of Sertoli cells. 相似文献
89.
Protein 4.1 G localizes in rodent microglia 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Ohno N Terada N Tanaka J Yokoyama A Yamakawa H Fujii Y Baba T Ohara O Ohno S 《Histochemistry and cell biology》2005,124(6):477-486
Although it was reported that protein 4.1 G, a cytoskeletal protein characterized by its general expression in the body, interacts
with some signal transduction molecules in the central nervous system (CNS), its distribution and significance in vivo remained
to be elucidated. In the present study, we have identified 4.1 G-positive cells in the rodent CNS, and demonstrated its immunolocalization
in the developing mouse CNS. In the rodent CNS, 4.1 G was colocalized with markers for microglia, such as CD45, OX-42 and
ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), but not with markers for neuronal or other glial cells. Additionally, colocalization
of 4.1 G and A1 adenosine receptor was observed in the mouse cerebrum. In a mixed glial culture, most OX-42-positive microglia
were positive for 4.1 G, and 4.1 G isoforms of the same molecular weight as in the rat brain were expressed in cultured microglia,
where 4.1 G mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. In the developing mouse cerebral cortex, 4.1 G was detected in immature microglia,
which were positive for Iba1. These results indicate that 4.1 G in the CNS is mainly distributed in microglia in vivo. Considering
the interactions between 4.1 G and the signal transduction molecules, putative roles have been propsed for 4.1 G in microglial
functions in the CNS. 相似文献
90.
Motomura W Tanno S Takahashi N Nagamine M Fukuda M Kohgo Y Okumura T 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2005,337(1):89-94
Tif6p (eIF6) is necessary for 60S biogenesis, rRNA maturation and must be released from 60S to permit 80S assembly and translation. We characterized Tif6p interactors. Tif6p is mostly on 66S-60S pre-ribosomes, partly free. Tif6p complex(es) contain nucleo-ribosomal factors and Asc1p. Surprisingly, Tif6p particle contains the low-abundance endonuclease Sen34p. We analyzed Sen34p role on rRNA/tRNA synthesis, in vivo. Sen34p depletion impairs tRNA splicing and causes unexpected 80S accumulation. Accordingly, Sen34p overexpression causes 80S decrease and increased polysomes which suggest increased translational efficiency. With delayed kinetics, Sen34p depletion impairs rRNA processing. We conclude that Sen34p is absolutely required for tRNA splicing and that it is a rate-limiting element for efficient translation. Finally, we confirm that Tif6p accompanies 27S pre-rRNA maturation to 25S rRNA and we suggest that Sen34p endonuclease in Tif6p complex may affect also rRNA maturation. 相似文献