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Romaguera D Ängquist L Du H Jakobsen MU Forouhi NG Halkjær J Feskens EJ van der A DL Masala G Steffen A Palli D Wareham NJ Overvad K Tjønneland A Boeing H Riboli E Sørensen TI 《PloS one》2011,6(8):e23384
Background
Dietary factors such as low energy density and low glycemic index were associated with a lower gain in abdominal adiposity. A better understanding of which food groups/items contribute to these associations is necessary.Objective
To ascertain the association of food groups/items consumption on prospective annual changes in “waist circumference for a given BMI” (WCBMI), a proxy for abdominal adiposity.Design
We analyzed data from 48,631 men and women from 5 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Anthropometric measurements were obtained at baseline and after a median follow-up time of 5.5 years. WCBMI was defined as the residuals of waist circumference regressed on BMI, and annual change in WCBMI (ΔWCBMI, cm/y) was defined as the difference between residuals at follow-up and baseline, divided by follow-up time. The association between food groups/items and ΔWCBMI was modelled using centre-specific adjusted linear regression, and random-effects meta-analyses to obtain pooled estimates.Results
Higher fruit and dairy products consumption was associated with a lower gain in WCBMI whereas the consumption of white bread, processed meat, margarine, and soft drinks was positively associated with ΔWCBMI. When these six food groups/items were analyzed in combination using a summary score, those in the highest quartile of the score – indicating a more favourable dietary pattern –showed a ΔWCBMI of −0.11 (95% CI −0.09 to −0.14) cm/y compared to those in the lowest quartile.Conclusion
A dietary pattern high in fruit and dairy and low in white bread, processed meat, margarine, and soft drinks may help to prevent abdominal fat accumulation. 相似文献43.
Díaz N Benvenga M Emmerson P Favors R Mangold M McKinzie J Patel N Peters S Quimby S Shannon H Siegel M Statnick M Thomas E Woodland J Surface P Mitch C 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2005,15(17):3844-3848
The phenolic hydroxy group of opiate-derived ligands is of known importance for biological activity. We have developed a SAR study around LY255582 by comparing the effect of the hydroxy group in the 2- and 4-position of the phenyl ring. Also, we have proved that the 3-position of the phenyl ring is optimal for opioid activity. Furthermore, we have successfully replaced the hydroxy group in LY255582 by carbamate and carboxamide groups. The new analogs have high affinity for the opioid receptors comparable to the corresponding phenol. Carboxamide analog 12 has an improved metabolism profile and proved to be efficacious in in vivo studies. 相似文献
44.
The Broadwater of the Myall Lakes system is highly susceptible to cyanobacterial bloom formation after heavy rain events.
During prolonged low flow periods, saline intrusion from the lower Myall River increases salinity levels and effectively controls
some bloom forming algal taxa. To assess the effect of low-to-moderate increases in salinity (up to 4 ppt) on phytoplankton
chlorophyll a, cell abundance, diversity and assemblage structure, salinity enhancement experiments were conducted on Broadwater samples
collected in June 2005 (salinity 1.5 ppt), October 2005 (4 ppt) and January 2006 (12 ppt). Natural phytoplankton assemblages
were incubated in the laboratory for 10 days, under different treatments of salinity (no addition, +2 ppt, + 4 ppt) and nutrient
conditions (no addition, excess N+P). The greatest impact of salinity enhancement in N+P enriched samples was observed in
June (1.5–5.5 ppt); chlorophyll a was significantly reduced in samples with the highest salinity treatment, and the taxon most negatively affected by an elevation
in salinity to 5.5 ppt was Anabaena circinalis. Taxonomic richness and diversity (Shannon–Wiener index) were unexpectedly significantly higher at 5.5 ppt than at 1.5 ppt.
This result, in part, explains the observed significant differences in phytoplankton assemblage structure over this salinity
range. In October, the main effect of elevating salinity levels from 4 ppt to 8 ppt was a reduction in the abundance of chlorophytes,
particularly Scenedesmus. Phytoplankton samples that were collected when the lake salinity level was 12 ppt were little affected by salinity increases
of 2 ppt and 4 ppt, most likely because field samples were already relatively high in salt content. We suggest that further
investigations focus on phytoplankton responses to salinity under a range of nutrient regimes that are common to coastal lakes. 相似文献
45.
Summary In a solution culture study the absorption of Ca in the shoot of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and various root parameters viz fresh weight, dry weight, length and surface area were measured at weekly intervals. All the root parameters were significantly correlated (p=0.01) with the amount of Ca absorbed when the concentration of Ca was such (5 meq/l) that the absorption capacity of the root membrane was fully saturated. The use of this relationship has been suggested in estimating the amount of roots developed in the soil system where identical conditions exist with respect to Ca concentration. Such estimated values have been termed as equivalent root length or equivalent root surface area as the case may be. P and K flux into the roots growing in the soil system have been worked out from these estimates of root parameters. 相似文献
46.
Carnitine content in the ejaculate depends mainly on the capability of the epididymis wall to transfer carnitine from the blood and on the patency of ejaculatory ductus systems. An elevation of carnitine in semen subsequent to an intravenous injection of carnitine is expected. Intravenous injections of carnitine (L-isomer and DL-isomers) caused a significant (P <0.05) elevation (more than 10-fold) in blood carnitine. However, carnitine injection failed to increase net secretion of carnitine into the ejaculate and blood elimination half-life was 2.3 hours. Mean concentrations of carnitine in the electroejaculate (3.0 nmoles/ml) were significantly lower than in the ejaculate following natural mating (180 nmoles/ml). Vasectomy decreased net carnitine per ejaculate to about 1/5 the prevasectomy value, when ejaculate was collected following natural mating. However, vasectomy did not affect carnitine concentrations in semen collected by electroejaculation. Twenty-one percent of the carnitine in semen originated in the accessory glands and 79% in the epididymides. Carnitine in the electroejaculate was originated almost exclusively in the accessory glands. It was concluded that the diagnostic value of carnitine in semen is limited. Some considerations are: secretion of carnitine is not organ specific, there are large individual variations, there is a negative effect of electroejaculation, and a carnitine loading dose technique is not feasible. However, there is a diagnostic potential in using carnitine assay to detect epididymides occlusion, but only when ejaculate is collected by an artificial vagina. 相似文献
47.
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Marilia Freitas Calmon Jana Jeschke Wei Zhang Mashaal Dhir Cornelia Siebenk?s Alexander Herrera Hsing-Chen Tsai Heather M O'Hagan Emmanouil P Pappou Craig M Hooker Tao Fu Kornel E Schuebel Edward Gabrielson Paula Rahal James G Herman Stephen B Baylin Nita Ahuja 《Epigenetics》2015,10(7):622-632
Neurofilament heavy polypeptide (NEFH) has recently been identified as a candidate DNA hypermethylated gene within the functional breast cancer hypermethylome. NEFH exists in a complex with neurofilament medium polypeptide (NEFM) and neurofilament light polypeptide (NEFL) to form neurofilaments, which are structural components of the cytoskeleton in mature neurons. Recent studies reported the deregulation of these proteins in several malignancies, suggesting that neurofilaments may have a role in other cell types as well. Using a comprehensive approach, we studied the epigenetic inactivation of neurofilament genes in breast cancer and the functional significance of this event. We report that DNA methylation-associated silencing of NEFH, NEFL, and NEFM in breast cancer is frequent, cancer-specific, and correlates with clinical features of disease progression. DNA methylation-mediated inactivation of these genes occurs also in multiple other cancer histologies including pancreas, gastric, and colon. Restoration of NEFH function, the major subunit of the neurofilament complex, reduces proliferation and growth of breast cancer cells and arrests them in Go/G1 phase of the cell cycle along with a reduction in migration and invasion. These findings suggest that DNA methylation-mediated silencing of the neurofilament genes NEFH, NEFM, and NEFL are frequent events that may contribute to the progression of breast cancer and possibly other malignancies. 相似文献
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