Einfluß von Epicoccum nigrum,Alternaria alternata,Mucor racemosus und Ulocladium chartarum auf die Protozoenpopulation im Pansen des Rindes (in vitro)

The influence of moulded hay (Alternaria alternata, Epicoccum nigrum, Mucor racemosus, Ulocladium chartarum) and the efficiency of Vitamin B1 substitution to cope these effects on rumen protozoa was investigated using the longterm rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) for about 25 days. Moulded hay affected medium-sized protozoa to a different extent (Alternaria alternata: ?16 %, Epicoccum nigrum: ?27 %, Mucor racemosus: ?9 %, Ulocladium chartarum: +2 %). The vitamin B1 substitution had positive effects during the feeding of Mucor racemosus and Ulocladium chartarum.     

Moniliformin,deoxynivalenol, 3Acetyldeoxynivalenol and zearalenone — Mycotoxins associated with corn cob fusariosis in Poland

An isolated rat liver was perfused with deoxynivalenol (DON) at a dose of 3 mg in a recirculating perfusion system. To identify glucuronide conjugates equal amounts of bile samples, perfusate and liver homogenates were incubated with and without (control) a β-glucuronidase preparation and analyzed by thin layer chromatography and capillary gas liquid chromatography — chemical ionization mass spectrometry. A total of 40.4% of the administered dose of DON was found to be conjugated with glucuronic acid (perfusate 20.4%, bile 19.2%, liver 0.8%), while only 1.3% of the parent DON (perfusate 1.1%, bile 0.2%) was detected. The cleavage of DON-glucuronide was demonstrated by incubating DON-glucuronide containing bile samples with intestine contents under anaerobic conditions.     

Does in vitro activation of postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptor utilize intracellular Ca2+ for contraction in dog saphenous vein?

Dog saphenous vein spiral strips were employed to determine whether an intracellular source of Ca2+ is used for contraction upon activation of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor by B-HT 920 in Ca2+-free Krebs solution containing 50 microM EGTA. The studies were carried out in parallel with the activation of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor by phenylephrine (Phe) under the condition that B-HT 920 (10(-5) M) and Phe (2 x 10(-6) M) gave rise to a similar level of responses in Ca2+-containing Krebs solution. A similar level of responses to these agonists at equieffective concentrations in Ca2+-free medium were also observed. Such responses to Phe and B-HT 920 were inhibited by 10(-7) M rauwolscine and 10(-7) M prazosin, respectively, and were not affected by 10(-7) M nifedipine or 5 mM Mn2+. The responses to B-HT 920 (10(-5) M) and submaximal concentration of Phe (2 x 10(-6) M) in Ca2+-free medium were additive. However, if the vascular strips were first contracted maximally with 10(-4) M Phe in Ca2+-free medium to deplete the intracellular Ca store, subsequent addition of B-HT 920 failed to induce additional response. Our results strongly suggest that activation of alpha 2-adrenoceptor in dog saphenous vein in Ca2+-free medium indeed utilizes intracellular Ca2+ for contraction. We also found that the failure of earlier studies to demonstrate the contractile effects of B-HT 920 in dog saphenous vein was due to experimental artifacts derived from the use of high concentration of EGTA and artificial pH-buffering reagent.     

Morphology and Taxonomy of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apristurus longicephahis</Emphasis> (Lamniformes,Seyliorhinidae)

Data on the individual variation and changes with growth in proportions and morphology are presented for the poorly known Apristurus longicephalus, and compared with those of other species. A. longicephalus is concluded to be a distinct species without synonyms, characterized by its long snout, widely separate nostrils, long caudal fin, short abdomen, very sparse teeth, and low number of monospondylous vertebrae. It is a species of small size, maturing at about 42 cm in total length.     

Scale Growth and Squamation Chronology for the Laboratory-Reared Hermaphroditic Fish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rivulus marmoratus</Emphasis> (Cyprinodontidae)

Scale morphology, growth and the squarnation chronology are described for the hermaphroditic fish Rivulus marmoratus reared in the laboratory. The scales are round or oval shaped cycloid type, and their sizes are about 0.3–1.0 mm in diameter. The number of ridges increases more rapidly relative to the body growth of the fish in early stages, but this increase is proportionate to growth subsequently. Three loci of scale development have been identified. The scales first appeared on the center of the parietal region at 8 days after hatching. The second locus of scale formation was on the lateral line of the posterior end of the caudal peduncle. A third locus was later observed on the lower right corner of the operculum: The final squamation was completed at 6 weeks after hatching.     

Negative control by Sandostatin on pancreatic and duodenal growth: a possible implication of insulin-like growth factor I

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of Sandostatin, a potent somatostatin analogue, on pancreatic and intestinal growth and plasma and pancreatic levels of insulin-like growth factor I, a known growth factor. Rats weighing 320-330 g, equipped with an intravenous cannula were infused with either bovine serum albumin or Sandostatin at a dose of 5 micrograms kg-1 h-1 for 7 days. Sandostatin caused significant reductions in pancreatic and intestinal weights accompanied by decreases in total DNA, RNA in both organs and total protein in the intestine while total pancreatic enzymes were increased. Plasma cholecystokinin and insulin-like growth factor I were reduced whereas total insulin-like growth factor I pancreatic content was increased. It is suggested that Sandostatin may reduce growth of these two organs by decreasing cholecystokinin and insulin-like growth factor release and their specific effects at the pancreatic and duodenal cellular level.