广州地区急性散发性HEV毒株基因特征和生物学性状的研究

利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术对我国广州地区急性性戊型肝炎病毒细胞培养分离株Ｇ９３－１、Ｇ９３－２、Ｇ９３－３和Ｇ９３－４基因组聚合酶区部分核苷序列进行检测,ＰＣＲ阳性产物经纯化、克隆后测定。结果Ｇ９３－１、Ｇ９３－３和Ｇ９３－４株病毒的这段序列完全相同,且与我国新疆暴发流行的ＨＥＶ８７Ａ株及ＨＥＶ代表株的同源性为１００％;而Ｇ９３－２株与它们的差异较大,同源性只有７９．９％;但是,它与１９９７年厦门地区急     

Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with days to flowering and photoperiod sensitivity in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

This study was undertaken to identify putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with days to flowering (DTF) and photoperiod response in rice. A population of 143 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between CO39 and Moroberekan was grown under greenhouse conditions and exposed to two different photoperiod regimes. DTF of individual plants was evaluated under 10 h and 14 h day lengths, and loci associated with photoperiod sensitivity were identified based on the delay in flowering under the 14 h photoperiod (DTF at 14 h minus DTF at 10 h). An RFLP data set consisting of 127 markers provided the basis for the QTL analysis. Both single marker and interval analysis were used and interactions between putative QTLs were estimated based on two-way ANOVA. Out of 15 QTLs associated with DTF, only 4 were identified as influencing the response to photoperiod. Interactions between flowering QTLs indicated the complex nature of the control of flowering in rice. The effectiveness of using a single recombinant inbred population to study a variety of complex phenotypes is discussed in relation to practical plant breeding.     

黄桃罐头产品质量Fuzzy综合鉴评

本文根据FuzzZ数学理论,运用多级模型的综合评判法,对国内20种黄桃罐头产品质量进行了优劣鉴评。并将其划分为一、二、三、四4个等级。从而为罐头产品质量鉴评,准确地汰劣遴优提供新方法。     

Determination of an Optimal Standardized Uptake Value of Fluorodeoxyglucose for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging to Assess Pathological Volumes of Cervical Cancer: A Prospective Study

Purpose

To determine the optimal standardized uptake value (SUV) of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, at which the PET-defined gross tumor volume (GTV_PET) best matches with the pathological volume (GTV_PATH) in the cervical cancer.

Materials and Methods

Ten patients with the cervical cancer who underwent surgery were enrolled in this study. The excised specimens were processed for whole-mount serial sections and H-E staining. The tumor borders were outlined in sections under a microscope, histopathological images were scanned and the GTV_PATH calculated. The GTV_PET was delineated automatically by using various percentages relative to the maximal SUV and absolute SUV. The optimal threshold SUV was further obtained as the value at which the GTV_PET best matched with the GTV_PATH.

Results

An average of 85±10% shrinkage of tissue was observed after the formalin fixation. The GTV_PATH was 13.38±2.80 cm³ on average. The optimal threshold on percentile SUV and absolute SUV were 40.50%±3.16% and 7.45±1.10, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the optimal percentile SUV threshold was inversely correlated with GTV_PATH (p<0.05) and tumor diameter (p<0.05). The absolute SUV was also positively correlated with SUV_max (p<0.05).

Conclusion

The pathological volume could provide the more accurate tumor volume. The optimal SUV of FDG for PET imaging by use of GTV_PATH as standard for cervical cancer target volume delineation was thus determined in this study, and more cases are being evaluated to substantiate this conclusion.     

Pro-inflammatory cytokines modulate iron regulatory protein 1 expression and iron transportation through reactive oxygen/nitrogen species production in ventral mesencephalic neurons

Both inflammatory processes associated with microglia activation and abnormal iron deposit in dopaminergic neurons are involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the relationship between neuroinflammation and iron accumulation was not fully elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) released by microglia, could affect cellular iron transportation in primary cultured ventral mesencephalic (VM) neurons. The results showed that IL-1β or TNF-α treatment led to increased ferrous iron influx and decreased iron efflux in these cells, due to the upregulation of divalent metal transporter 1 with the iron response element (DMT1 + IRE) and downregulation of ferroportin1 (FPN1). Increased levels of iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1), transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and hepcidin were also observed in IL-1β or TNF-α treated VM neurons. IRP1 upregulation could be fully abolished by co-administration of radical scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine and inducible NO synthetase inhibitor N_ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride. Further experiments demonstrated that IL-1β and TNF-α release was remarkably enhanced by iron load in activated microglia triggered by lipopolysaccharide or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺). In 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-intoxicated mice, salicylate application could not block DMT1 + IRE upregulation in dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra. These results suggested that IL-1β and TNF-α released by microglia, especially under the condition of iron load, might contribute to iron accumulation in VM neurons by upregulating IRP1 and hepcidin levels through reactive oxygen/nitrogen species production. This might provide a new insight into unraveling that microglia might aggravate this iron mediated neuropathologies in PD.     

Development and Evaluation of a Pseudovirus-Luciferase Assay for Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Neutralizing Antibodies against Enterovirus 71

The level of neutralizing antibodies (NtAb) induced by vaccine inoculation is an important endpoint to evaluate the efficacy of EV71 vaccine. In order to evaluate the efficacy of EV71 vaccine, here, we reported the development of a novel pseudovirus system expression firefly luciferase (PVLA) for the quantitative measurement of NtAb. We first evaluated and validated the sensitivity and specificity of the PVLA method. A total of 326 serum samples from an epidemiological survey and 144 serum specimens from 3 clinical trials of EV71 vaccines were used, and the level of each specimen''s neutralizing antibodies (NtAb) was measured in parallel using both the conventional CPE-based and PVLA-based assay. Against the standard neutralization assay based on the inhibition of the cytopathic effect (CPE), the sensitivity and specificity of the PVLA method are 98% and 96%, respectively. Then, we tested the potential interference of NtAb against hepatitis A virus, Polio-I, Polio-II, and Polio-III standard antisera (WHO) and goat anti-G10/CA16 serum, the PVLA based assay showed no cross-reactivity with NtAb against other specific sera. Importantly, unlike CPE based method, no live replication-competent EV71 is used during the measurement. Taken together, PVLA is a rapid and specific assay with higher sensitivity and accuracy. It could serve as a valuable tool in assessing the efficacy of EV71 vaccines in clinical trials and disease surveillance in epidemiology studies.     

Chemoirradiation for Glioblastoma Multiforme: The National Cancer Institute Experience

Purpose

Standard treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) is surgery followed by radiation (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ). While there is variability in survival based on several established prognostic factors, the prognostic utility of other factors such as tumor size and location are not well established.

Experimental Design

The charts of ninety two patients with GBM treated with RT at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) between 1998 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Most patients received RT with concurrent and adjuvant TMZ. Topographic locations were classified using preoperative imaging. Gross tumor volumes were contoured using treatment planning systems utilizing both pre-operative and post-operative MR imaging.

Results

At a median follow-up of 18.7 months, the median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for all patients was 17.9 and 7.6 months. Patients with the smallest tumors had a median OS of 52.3 months compared to 16.3 months among patients with the largest tumors, P = 0.006. The patients who received bevacizumab after recurrence had a median OS of 23.3 months, compared to 16.3 months in patients who did not receive it, P = 0.0284. The median PFS and OS in patients with periventricular tumors was 5.7 and 17.5 months, versus 8.9 and 23.3 months in patients with non-periventricular tumors, P = 0.005.

Conclusions

Survival in our cohort was comparable to the outcome of the defining EORTC-NCIC trial establishing the use of RT+TMZ. This study also identifies several potential prognostic factors that may be useful in stratifying patients.