Electronmicroscopic Observations on the Degradation of Cellulose Fibres by Cellvibrio fulvus and Sporocytophaga myxococcoides

S ummary : Cellvibrio fulvus and Sporocytophaga myxococcoides were grown on different types of cellulose fibres and the degradation was followed by means of light and electron microscopy. The very compact fibres prepared from cotton were degraded slowly by C. fulvus. The bacteria penetrated into the lumen of the fibres, accumulated there in large numbers, and degraded the fibres from within. Sporocytophaga myxococcoides attacked fibres both from the outside and from within by making close contact with the cellulose. Lignin free pulp fibres, which have a very open structure, were rapidly degraded by both kinds of bacteria. Cellvibrio fulvus also degraded these fibres from within. It is concluded that structure of the fibre greatly influences the rate at which different kinds of cellulolytio bacteria decompose cellulose.     

The polymorphic marker DXS304 is within 5 centimorgans of the fragile X locus

The fragile X syndrome, which is the most common cause of inherited mental retardation, poses important diagnostic problems for genetic counseling. The development of diagnostic strategies based on DNA analysis has been impaired by the lack of polymorphic markers very close to the disease locus. Here we report that the polymorphic probe U6.2 (locus DXS304) is much closer to the fragile X locus than all the previously reported markers. A recombination fraction of 0.02 between DXS304 and the fragile X locus was estimated by multipoint linkage analysis (confidence interval 0.002 to 0.05). Our data suggest that DXS304 is distal to the fragile X locus. This marker thus represents a major improvement for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis in fragile X families.