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11.
Abstract Hybrid cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies with specificity for the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the deep rough mutant Salmonella minnesota R595 have been established. Spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with live R595 bacteria were fused with Sp 2/0 myeloma cells and three hybridomas producing antibodies specific for heptoseless LPS from Salmonella were selected. All three monoclonal antibodies were shown to bind only to heptoseless, but 3-deoxy- d -manno-octulosonic acid (KDO) containing LPS when tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against a set of structurally defined LPS and lipid A from Salmonella, Shigella and Escherichia coli . Synthetic KDO was an efficient inhibitor of the antibody-R595 LPS interaction defining that KDO is in an immunodeterminant position interacting with the monoclonal antibodies. 相似文献
12.
Dolichol and Dolichyl Phosphate Levels in Brain Tissue from English Setters with Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
R. Kennedy Keller Donald Armstrong† Fred C. Crum Nils Koppang† 《Journal of neurochemistry》1984,42(4):1040-1047
Human ceroid lipofuscinosis (CL) is an inherited disease marked by cerebromacular degeneration and early death. We have utilized the canine model to investigate the possible role of dolichol and dolichyl phosphate in the developmental pathology of CL. We found that while brain levels of dolichol increase with age in both affected and unaffected dogs, the amount in the diseased animal was similar to that in controls. Brain levels of dolichyl phosphate ranged from 20 to 35 micrograms/g in control dogs at all ages examined, but increased substantially during development in the affected dogs, a value of 113 +/- 24 micrograms/g (mean +/- SD) being obtained in the end-stage animals. In addition to the results obtained in the canine model, dolichyl phosphate levels in human brain tissues from a 5-year-old with late infantile CL and from a 19-year-old with juvenile CL were found to be 153 and 382 micrograms/g, respectively, compared with a control that assayed 26 micrograms/g. The preliminary findings with human tissues provide further evidence for an association of elevated brain dolichyl phosphate levels with CL. Whether the increase is primary or secondary remains to be determined. 相似文献
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A method for the rapid electrophoresis on a cellulose acetate membrane of serum proteins from horses, sheep and pigs is discussed. The various main globulin fractions in the serum of these animals were experimentally identified. Normal values for the percentage composition of serum from normal horses, sheep and pigs were calculated. In the horse there was great individual variation in the shape of the β-fraction, assumed to be due to different transferrin types. The mean value for β-globulin of 19.5 % in the horse was higher than for the other two species. The albumin percentage was highest in the sheep and lowest in the pig, 48.5 % and 43.2 % respectively. The sheep had the highest γ-globulin percentage, 22.8 %, while the horse had the lowest with 19.0 %. Finally the values were compared with corresponding figures reported by other authors and the results discussed. 相似文献
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Nils A. Øristland 《Bulletin of mathematical biology》1990,52(5):643-655
A computer model of body mass and composition in relation to gross energy balance is constructed. The model is built using
conventional empirical physiological formulae rather than statistical or analytical mathematical techniques. The model is
applied to the Minnesota and other experiments and produces as good or better simulations of observed values of changes in
body weight than reported for other formulae or models. Alternative physiological mechanisms concerning metabolic adaptions
to starvation, changes in time activity budgets and the energy equivalents of weight loss offer equally good simulations of
experimental results. The present analysis highlights the survival value of a basal metabolic depression during starvation
and indicates an optimal body composition of 10% mobilizable fat for starvation survival for a 70 kg man. Proper quantification
of the effects of the physiological mechanisms involved depends on new experimental data, however. Long term continuous monitoring
of time activity budgets are a necessary part of such experiments. 相似文献
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Verner Michelsen 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1996,58(4):441-451
All previous records of fossil Anthomyiidae are shown to be unsubstantiated. A female anthomyiid of a new genus and species is hereby described from a piece of Dominican amber (Upper Eocene-Oligocene). Character analysis suggests that the fossil, Coenosopsites poinari gen. & sp. nov. , belongs to a Neotropical clade with two recent genera, Phaonantho Albuquerque and Coenosopsia Malloch. Evidence for a sister-group relationship between Coenosopsites poinari and the genus Coenosopsia is provided. Clades are the only acceptable units of phylogenetic classification. Combining fossil and recent clades in phylogenetic classification requires them to be temporally delimited. Proper application of phylogenetic definitions is essential for this purpose. It is proposed that the units of phylogenetic classification should be taxa for recent clades and plesia for fossil clades. A taxon is defined as node-based with reference to its recent species, while a plesion is defined as apomorphy-based. The term lineage is proposed for a recent clade defined as stem-based with reference to its recent sister group. Individual recent species represent clades that can be incorporated into phylogenetic classification as minimal taxon units. Individual fossil species may not represent clades and thus do not count as proper units of phylogenetic classification. However, the names of fossil species are readily construed also to signify plesia with the fossil species as their only known component. As such, they are proper units of phylogenetic classification. 相似文献
20.
Simulation Model of the Coupling between Nitrification and Denitrification in a Freshwater Sediment 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
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T. Henry Blackburn Nicholas D. Blackburn Kim Jensen Nils Risgaard-Petersen 《Applied microbiology》1994,60(9):3089-3095
A model was constructed to simulate the results of experiments which investigated nitrification and denitrification in the freshwater sediment of Lake Vilhelmsborg, Denmark (K. Jensen, N. P. Sloth, N. Risgaard-Petersen, S. Rysgaard, and N. P. Revsbech, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:2094-2100, 1994). The model output faithfully represented the profiles of O2 and NO3- and rates of nitrification, denitrification, and O2 consumption as the O2 concentration in the overlying water was increased from 10 to 600 μM. The model also accurately predicted the response, to increasing O2 concentrations, of the integrated (micromoles per square meter per hour) rates of nitrification and denitrification. The simulated rates of denitrification of NO3- diffusing from the overlying water (Dw) and of NO3- generated by nitrification within the sediment (Dn) corresponded to the experimental rates as the O2 concentration in the overlying water was altered. The predicted Dw and Dn rates, as NO3- concentration in the overlying water was changed, closely resembled those determined experimentally. The model was composed of 41 layers 0.1 mm thick, of which 3 represented the diffusive boundary layer in the water. Large first-order rate constants for nitrification and denitrification were required to completely oxidize all NH4+ diffusing from the lower sediment layers and to remove much of the NO3- produced. In addition to the flux of NH4+ from below, the model required a flux of an electron donor, possibly methane. Close coupling between nitrification and denitrification, achieved by allowing denitrification to tolerate some O2 (~10 μM), was necessary to reproduce the real data. Spatial separation of the two processes (no toleration by denitrification of O2) resulted in too high NO3- concentrations and too low rates of denitrification. 相似文献