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1.
Andrea Gloria‐Soria Diego Ayala Ambicadutt Bheecarry Olger Calderon‐Arguedas Dave D. Chadee Marina Chiappero Maureen Coetzee Khouaildi Bin Elahee Ildefonso Fernandez‐Salas Hany A. Kamal Basile Kamgang Emad I. M. Khater Laura D. Kramer Vicki Kramer Alma Lopez‐Solis Joel Lutomiah Ademir Martins Jr Maria Victoria Micieli Christophe Paupy Alongkot Ponlawat Nil Rahola Syed Basit Rasheed Joshua B. Richardson Amag A. Saleh Rosa Maria Sanchez‐Casas Gonçalo Seixas Carla A. Sousa Walter J. Tabachnick Adriana Troyo Jeffrey R. Powell 《Molecular ecology》2016,25(21):5377-5395
Mosquitoes, especially Aedes aegypti, are becoming important models for studying invasion biology. We characterized genetic variation at 12 microsatellite loci in 79 populations of Ae. aegypti from 30 countries in six continents, and used them to infer historical and modern patterns of invasion. Our results support the two subspecies Ae. aegypti formosus and Ae. aegypti aegypti as genetically distinct units. Ae. aegypti aegypti populations outside Africa are derived from ancestral African populations and are monophyletic. The two subspecies co‐occur in both East Africa (Kenya) and West Africa (Senegal). In rural/forest settings (Rabai District of Kenya), the two subspecies remain genetically distinct, whereas in urban settings, they introgress freely. Populations outside Africa are highly genetically structured likely due to a combination of recent founder effects, discrete discontinuous habitats and low migration rates. Ancestral populations in sub‐Saharan Africa are less genetically structured, as are the populations in Asia. Introduction of Ae. aegypti to the New World coinciding with trans‐Atlantic shipping in the 16th to 18th centuries was followed by its introduction to Asia in the late 19th century from the New World or from now extinct populations in the Mediterranean Basin. Aedes mascarensis is a genetically distinct sister species to Ae. aegypti s.l. This study provides a reference database of genetic diversity that can be used to determine the likely origin of new introductions that occur regularly for this invasive species. The genetic uniqueness of many populations and regions has important implications for attempts to control Ae. aegypti, especially for the methods using genetic modification of populations. 相似文献
2.
Psoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune skin disease affecting approximately 2% of the world's population. Clobetasol propionate
which is a superpotent topical corticosteroid is widely used for topical treatment of psoriasis. Conventional dosage forms
like creams and ointments are commonly prefered for the therapy. The purpose of this study was to develop a new topical delivery
system in order to provide the prolonged release of clobetasol propionate and to reduce systemic absorption and side effects
of the drug. Clobetasol propionate loaded-poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres were prepared by oil-in-water
emulsion–solvent evaporation technique. Particle size analysis, morphological characterization, DSC and XRD analyses and in vitro drug release studies were performed on the microparticle formulations. Emulgel formulations were prepared as an alternative
for topical delivery of clobetasol propionate. In vitro drug release studies were carried out from the emulgel formulations containing pure drug and drug-loaded microspheres. In
addition, the same studies were performed to determine the drug release from the commercial cream product of clobetasol propionate.
The release of clobetasol propionate from the emulgel formulations was significantly higher than the commercial product. In
addition, the encapsulation of clobetasol propionate in the PLGA microspheres significantly delayed the drug release from
the emulgel formulation. As a result, the decrease in the side effects of clobetasol propionate by the formulation containing
PLGA microspheres is expected. 相似文献
3.
Duygu İnci Özgür Vatan Yunus Zorlu Nilüfer Çinkılıç 《Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics》2013,31(15):3878-3901
New binary copper(II) complexes – [Cu(4-mphen)2(NO3)]NO3·H2O (1), [Cu(5-mphen)2 (NO3)]NO3·H2O (2), the known complex [Cu(dmphen)2(NO3)]NO3 (3) and [Cu(tmphen)2 (NO3)]NO3·H2O (4) - (4-mphen: 4-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 5-mphen: 5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline, dmphen: 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, tmphen: 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), have been synthesized and characterized by CHN analysis, ESI-MS, FTIR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Interaction of these complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been investigated by absorption spectral titration, ethidium bromide (EB) and Hoechst 33,258 displacement assay and thermal denaturation measurement. These complexes cleaved pUC19 plasmid DNA in the absence and presence of an external agent. Notably, in the presence of H2O2 as an activator, the cleavage abilities of these complexes are obviously enhanced at low concentration. Addition of hydroxyl radical scavengers like DMSO shows significant inhibition of the DNA cleavage activity of these complexes. BSA quenching mechanism was investigated with regard to the type of quenching, binding constant, number of binding locations and the thermodynamic parameters. The experimental results suggested that the probable quenching mechanism was an unusual static process and hydrophobic forces play a dominant role. The CT-DNA and BSA binding efficiencies of these complexes follow the order: 4 > 3 > 1 > 2. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicities of these complexes on tumor cells lines (Caco-2, MCF-7 and A549) and healthy cell line (BEAS-2B) showed that these complexes exhibited anticancer activity with low IC50 values. The effect of hydrophobicity of the methyl-substituted phenanthrolines on DNA and protein binding activities of these complexes is discussed. 相似文献
4.
Nil Rahola Jér?me Depaquit Boris Kevin Makanga Christophe Paupy 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(7):845-849
During a research project aimed at the study of the Culicinae fauna of Gabon and
carried out in the National Park of La Lopé, we captured an unknown sandfly male
specimen (genus Phlebotomus) by CDC miniature light trap
belonging to a new species for Science. Furthermore, the originality of his
genitalia does not allow us to include this species in one of the existing
subgenus, thus in this paper we propose the creation of a new subgenus, as
Phlebotomus (Legeromyia) multihamatus sp. nov., subg. nov.
described from the National Park of La Lopé, through one male captured with CDC
miniature light trap. A new species and a new subgenus of sandfly is
characterised by a short style with three spines, a paramere wearing a basal
hook as well as a basal pouch and the absence of basal lobe on the coxite. The
originality of the genitalia of the male gives way to discussion about potential
primary homologies between P. multihamatus sp. nov. and
Phlebotomus (Abonnencius) fortunatarum, Phlebotomus
(Anaphlebotomus) stantoni and Phlebotomus (Euphlebotomus)
argentipes, which should be verified for future studies. The
discovery of this new species in Gabon must encourage the study of sandflies in
this country. 相似文献
5.
D B Schranz L Bekris M Landin-Olsson C T?rn A Nil?ng A Toll J Sj?str?m H Gr?nlund A Lernmark 《Hormones et métabolisme》2000,32(4):133-138
A quantitative assay with microSepharose was used to determine GAD65Ab and IA-2Ab levels in 771 population-based patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus at 15 to 34 years of age, and in 828 matched controls. Among the patients, 587 (76%) were classified with type I, 108 (14%) with type II, and 76 (10%) with unclassifiable diabetes. The levels above normal demonstrated a prevalence of GAD65Ab in 66% of type I diabetes, 50% of type II diabetes and 54% of unclassifiable patients and for IA-2Ab in 40%, 17% and 21%, respectively. Among the autoantibody-positive sera, the LADA patients had a lower GAD65Ab index (median 0.19, p < 0.0001) and IA-2Ab index (median 0.28, p < 0.0001) than the type I patients (median 0.37 and 0.66). Patients with unclassifiable diabetes had a GAD65Ab (median 0.43) or IA-2Ab (median 0.63) index which was not different from the type I diabetes patients. Our data demonstrate that young adult new-onset LADA patients have low level GAD65Ab and IA-2Ab. The low-level autoantibodies may signify a less aggressive beta-cell autoimmunity, which may explain why these patients are often classified with type II or non-insulin-dependent diabetes. 相似文献
6.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of polymer and sucrose stearate, aluminum
tristearate as dispersing agents on microsphere properties and performance. The yield values of microspheres were over the
78%, and the encapsulation efficiencies were found to be ∼735. Particle sizes of microspheres prepared with aluminum tristearate
were between 76 and 448 μm, while that of the microspheres containing sucrose stearate were between 521 and 2000 μm. Morphological
and physicochemical properties of microspheres were investigated by scanning electron micrography and differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC). DSC analysis indicated that verapamil hydrochloride formed a solid solution with acrylic polymers. In vitro
release studies were performed using the flow-through cell method. While ∼80% of drug was released from the microspheres containing
aluminum tristearate in 480 minutes, the same amount of drug was released from microspheres containing sucrose stearate in
only 60 minutes. Chemical structures and concentrations of the dispersing agents were clearly effective on the physical properties
of microspheres and their drug-release characteristics.
Published: February 24, 2006 相似文献
7.
Normally, cerebral blood flow (CBF) is quantitatively coupled to cerebral metabolic rate like other tissues and maintained basically by altering vascular geometry and appropriate perfusion pressure. However, the rheological properties of the blood are important factors for effective tissue perfusion. Although a lot of studies have reported that hemorheological parameters are affected by a wide range of pathophysiological conditions, to our knowledge no research related to the effects of epileptic seizures on hemorheological parameters has been carried out. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore possible changes in rheological parameters including red blood cell (RBC) deformability, rigidity and aggregation, whole blood and plasma viscosity during epileptic seizures induced by penicillin G in rats. Eighteen female albino rats were divided into three groups that included sham operated controls (Group S), epileptic group (Group E), intraperitoneal penicillin group (Group IPP). Epilepsy was induced by intracortical injections of penicillin G. Hemorheological studies had been carried out 3 h after the induction of epilepsy. Among the studied hemorheological parameters, only RBC deformability was found to be different in the E group compared to S group. Epileptic seizures led to an increase in RBC deformability in the E group. In conclusion, these results suggest that in addition to an increase in CBF, RBC deformability may also improve to better match brain metabolic demands during seizures. 相似文献
8.
Grousson N Lim KH Lim HS Ooi ET Salgues SL Yeo JH Goetz WA 《Journal of biomechanics》2007,40(10):2167-2173
With advances in tissue engineering and improvement of surgical techniques, stentless biological valves and valve-sparing procedures have become alternatives to traditional aortic valve replacement with stented bioprostheses or mechanical valves. New surgical techniques preserve the advantages of native valves but require better understanding of the anatomical structure of the aortic root. Silicone rubber was injected in fresh aortic roots of nine human cadavers under the physiological closing pressure of 80 mmHg. The casts reproduced every detail of the aortic root anatomy and were used to digitize 27 leaflet attachment lines (LALs) of the aortic valves. LALs were normalized and described with a mathematical model. LALs were found to follow a pattern with the right coronary being the largest followed by the non-coronary and then the left coronary. During diastole, the aortic valve LAL can be described by an intersection between a created tube and an extruded parabolic surface. This geometrical definition of the LAL during end diastole gives a better understanding of the aortic root anatomy and could be useful for heart valve design and improvement of aortic valve reconstruction technique. 相似文献
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10.
Larson Boundenga Boris Makanga Benjamin Ollomo Aude Gilabert Virginie Rougeron Bertrand Mve-Ondo Céline Arnathau Patrick Durand Nancy Diamella Moukodoum Alain-Prince Okouga Lucresse Delicat-Loembet Lauriane Yacka-Mouele Nil Rahola Eric Leroy Cheikh Tidiane BA Francois Renaud Franck Prugnolle Christophe Paupy 《PloS one》2016,11(2)
Re-examination, using molecular tools, of the diversity of haemosporidian parasites (among which the agents of human malaria are the best known) has generally led to rearrangements of traditional classifications. In this study, we explored the diversity of haemosporidian parasites infecting vertebrate species (particularly mammals, birds and reptiles) living in the forests of Gabon (Central Africa), by analyzing a collection of 492 bushmeat samples. We found that samples from five mammalian species (four duiker and one pangolin species), one bird and one turtle species were infected by haemosporidian parasites. In duikers (from which most of the infected specimens were obtained), we demonstrated the existence of at least two distinct parasite lineages related to Polychromophilus species (i.e., bat haemosporidian parasites) and to sauropsid Plasmodium (from birds and lizards). Molecular screening of sylvatic mosquitoes captured during a longitudinal survey revealed the presence of these haemosporidian parasite lineages also in several Anopheles species, suggesting a potential role in their transmission. Our results show that, differently from what was previously thought, several independent clades of haemosporidian parasites (family Plasmodiidae) infect mammals and are transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes. 相似文献