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131.
Nora Wallot-Hieke Neha Verma David Schlütermann Niklas Berleth Jana Deitersen Philip Böhler 《Autophagy》2018,14(5):743-763
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process whose induction is regulated by the ULK1 protein kinase complex. The subunit ATG13 functions as an adaptor protein by recruiting ULK1, RB1CC1 and ATG101 to a core ULK1 complex. Furthermore, ATG13 directly binds both phospholipids and members of the Atg8 family. The central involvement of ATG13 in complex formation makes it an attractive target for autophagy regulation. Here, we analyzed known interactions of ATG13 with proteins and lipids for their potential modulation of ULK1 complex formation and autophagy induction. Targeting the ATG101-ATG13 interaction showed the strongest autophagy-inhibitory effect, whereas the inhibition of binding to ULK1 or RB1CC1 had only minor effects, emphasizing that mutations interfering with ULK1 complex assembly do not necessarily result in a blockade of autophagy. Furthermore, inhibition of ATG13 binding to phospholipids or Atg8 proteins had only mild effects on autophagy. Generally, the observed phenotypes were more severe when autophagy was induced by MTORC1/2 inhibition compared to amino acid starvation. Collectively, these data establish the interaction between ATG13 and ATG101 as a promising target in disease-settings where the inhibition of autophagy is desired. 相似文献
132.
O. F. Niklas 《BioControl》1956,1(1):100-101
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
133.
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135.
The LKB1 tumor suppressor kinase in human disease 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Katajisto P Vallenius T Vaahtomeri K Ekman N Udd L Tiainen M Mäkelä TP 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2007,1775(1):63-75
Inactivating germline mutations in the LKB1 gene underlie Peutz-Jeghers syndrome characterized by hamartomatous polyps and an elevated risk for cancer. Recent studies suggest the involvement of LKB1 also in more common human disorders including diabetes and in a significant fraction of lung adenocarcinomas. These observations have increased the interest towards signaling pathways of this tumor suppressor kinase. The recent breakthroughs in understanding the molecular functions of the LKB1 indicate its contribution as a regulator of cell polarity, energy metabolism and cell proliferation. Here we review how the substrates and cellular functions of LKB1 may be linked to Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and other diseases, and discuss how some of the molecular changes associated with altered LKB1 signaling might be used in therapeutic approaches. 相似文献
136.
Yadong Sun Niklas Berleth Wenxian Wu David Schlütermann Jana Deitersen Fabian Stuhldreier Lena Berning Annabelle Friedrich Seda Akgün María Jos Mendiburo Sebastian Wesselborg Marcus Conrad Carsten Berndt Bjrn Stork 《Cell death & disease》2021,12(11)
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that emerges to be relevant for therapy-resistant and dedifferentiating cancers. Although several lines of evidence suggest that ferroptosis is a type of autophagy-dependent cell death, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Fin56, a type 3 ferroptosis inducer, triggers ferroptosis by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protein degradation via a not fully understood pathway. Here, we determined that Fin56 induces ferroptosis and autophagy in bladder cancer cells and that Fin56-triggered ferroptosis mechanistically depends on the autophagic machinery. Furthermore, we found that autophagy inhibition at different stages attenuates Fin56-induced oxidative stress and GPX4 degradation. Moreover, we investigated the effects of Fin56 in combination with Torin 2, a potent mTOR inhibitor used to activate autophagy, on cell viability. We found that Fin56 synergizes with Torin 2 in cytotoxicity against bladder cancer cells. Collectively, our findings not only support the concept that ferroptosis is a type of autophagy-dependent cell death but imply that the combined application of ferroptosis inducers and mTOR inhibitors is a promising approach to improve therapeutic options in the treatment of bladder cancer.Subject terms: Macroautophagy, Macroautophagy 相似文献
137.
138.
Seventy-five years ago, the geneticist Richard Goldschmidt hypothesized that single mutations affecting development could
result in major phenotypic changes in a single generation to produce unique organisms within animal populations that he called
“hopeful monsters”. Three decades ago, Sarah P. Gibbs proposed that photosynthetic unicellular micro-organisms like euglenoids
and dinoflagellates are the products of a process now called “secondary endosymbiosis” (i.e., the evolution of a chloroplast
surrounded by three or four membranes resulting from the incorporation of a eukaryotic alga by a eukaryotic heterotrophic
host cell). In this article, we explore the evidence for Goldschmidt’s “hopeful monster” concept and expand the scope of this
theory to include the macroevolutionary emergence of organisms like Euglena and Chlorarachnion from secondary endosymbiotic events. We argue that a Neo-Goldschmidtian perspective leads to the conclusion that cell chimeras
such as euglenids and dinoflagellates, which are important groups of phytoplankton in freshwater and marine ecosystems, should
be interpreted as “successful monsters”. In addition, we argue that Charles Darwin had euglenoids (infusoria) in mind when
he speculated on the “primordial intermediate form”, although his Proto-Euglena-hypothesis for the origin of the last common
ancestor of all forms of life is no longer acceptable. 相似文献
139.
Mary Jane West-Eberhard has suggested that plasticity may be of primary importance in promoting evolutionary innovation and
diversification. Here, we explore the possibility that the diversification of phytophagous insects may have occurred through
such a process, using examples from nymphalid butterflies. We discuss the ways in which host plant range is connected to plasticity
and present our interpretation of how West-Eberhard’s scenario may result in speciation driven by plasticity in host utilization.
We then review some of the evidence that diversity of plant utilization has driven the diversification of phytophagous insects
and finally discuss whether this suggests a role for plasticity-driven speciation. We find a close conceptual connection between
our theory that the diversification of phytophagous insects has been driven by oscillations in host range, and our personal
interpretation of the most efficient way in which West-Eberhard’s theory could account for plasticity-driven speciation. A
major unresolved issue is the extent to which a wide host plant range is due to adaptive plasticity with dedicated modules
of genetic machinery for utilizing different plants. 相似文献
140.
Allen JP Cordova JM Jolley CC Murray TA Schneider JW Woodbury NW Williams JC Niklas J Klihm G Reus M Lubitz W 《Photosynthesis research》2009,99(1):1-10
The influence of the protein environment on the primary electron donor, P, a bacteriochlorophyll a dimer, of reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, has been investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance and electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy. These techniques were used to probe the effects on P that are due to alteration of three amino acid residues, His L168, Asn L170, and Asn M199. The introduction of Glu at L168, Asp at L170, or Asp at M199 changes the oxidation/reduction midpoint potential of P in a pH-dependent manner (Williams et al. (2001) Biochemistry 40, 15403-15407). For the double mutant His L168 to Glu and Asn at L170 to Asp, excitation results in electron transfer along the A-side branch of cofactors at pH 7.2, but at pH 9.5, a long-lived state involving B-side cofactors is produced (Haffa et al. (2004) J Phys Chem B 108, 4-7). Using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, the mutants with alterations of each of the three individual residues and a double mutant, with changes at L168 and L170, were found to have increased linewidths of 10.1-11.0 G compared to the linewidth of 9.6 G for wild type. The Special TRIPLE spectra were pH dependent, and at pH 8, the introduction of aspartate at L170 increased the spin density ratio, rho (L)/rho (M), to 6.1 while an aspartate at the symmetry related position, M199, decreased the ratio to 0.7 compared to the value of 2.1 for wild type. These results indicate that the energy of the two halves of P changes by about 100 meV due to the mutations and are consistent with the interpretation that electrostatic interactions involving these amino acid residues contribute to the switch in pathway of electron transfer. 相似文献