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31.
The major sesquiterpenes in the foliage of Dacrydium cupressinum are α-longipinene, longifolene, longibornyl acetate, caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, humulene, α- and β-selinene, β- and δ-elemene, aromadendrene and the rare 9βH-caryophyllene. Sesquiterpene levels vary greatly from tree to tree. As this variation is largely independent of environmental factors, genetic control is proposed. Longifolene and α-longipinene levels are closely correlated, as are those of caryophyllene and humulene. The biosynthetic implications of these correlations are discussed. 相似文献
32.
A method is described which allows a large number of bacterial strains to be rapidly and easily screened for the presence of site-specific endonucleases. The method involves selective permeabilization of the bacterial cell and analysis of the exuded material. Type II restriction endonucleases from cyanobacteria and Gram-negative eubacteria have been detected and new enzymes have been found. The method should be widely applicable and easy to modify for use in genera other than those tested. Three-site-specific endonuclease activities, detected by this method in Aphanothece halophytica PCC 7412, were purified and their recognition and cleavage specificities were determined AhaI and AhaII recognise and cleave the same DNA sequences as CauII and AcyI respectively; the specificity of AhaIII (TTTAAA) has been reported previously (Whitehead and Brown, 1982, FEBS Letters 143:296–300).Abbreviations Brij-58
20 cetyl ether
- Pu
purine nucleoside
- Py
pyrimidine nucleoside 相似文献
33.
We have isolated adenovirus origins of DNA replication from both the right and left ends of the genome, which are functional on linear autonomously replicating mini-chromosomes. The mini-chromosomes contain two cloned inverted adenovirus termini and require non-defective adenovirus as a helper. Replicated molecules are covalently attached to protein, and DNA synthesis is initiated at the correct nucleotide even when the origins are not located at molecular ends. The activity of embedded origins leads to the generation of linear minichromosomes from circular or linear molecules. These observations therefore suggest that sequences within the adenovirus origin of replication position the protein priming event at the adenovirus terminus. Experiments investigating the regeneration of deleted viral inverted terminal repeat sequences show a sequence-independent requirement for inverted sequences in this process. This result strongly suggests that repair results from the formation of a panhandle structure by a displaced single strand. On the basis of these observations we propose a model for the generation of adenovirus mini-chromosomes from larger molecules. 相似文献
34.
35.
Jeremy J. Mathers Robert C. Dinwoodie Martin Talarovich David W. Mehnert 《Biotechnology letters》1986,8(5):311-314
Summary A data acquisition/control microcomputer system was interfaced to a commercial HPLC data transmission module. Control of substrate (ethanol) levels for four 7.5 L fermenters containing 100 g/L wet weight of the yeastCandida
norvegensis was accomplished by employing intermittent, automated HPLC monitoring and a BASIC-encoded proportional integral policy for controlling substrate feed rates. Ethanol levels were maintained at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00% w/v. 相似文献
36.
The cyanobacteria Anabaena variabilis and Nostoc CAN showed a biphasic pattern of 14CH3NH
3
+
uptake at external pH values of 7.0 and 9.0. The initial phase of uptake, which was independent of metabolism of 14CH3NH
3
+
, was attributed to uptake via a CH3NH
3
+
(NH
4
+
) transport system at pH 7.0 and probably to passive diffusion of uncharged CH3NH2 and trapping by protonation at pH 9.0. The second slower phase of uptake was attributed to metabolism of CH3NH
3
+
via glutamine synthetase to form -methylglutamine which accumulates. Anabaena cylindrica showed an initial rapid uptake at pH 7.0 and pH 9.0 but metabolism of 14CH3NH
3
+
was undetectable at pH 7.0 and was barely detectable at pH 9.0. Pretreatment of A. variabilis with l-methionine-d,l-sulphoximine to inactivate glutamine synthetase, inhibited the second phase of 14CH3NH
3
+
uptake at both pH 7.0 and pH 9.0 and the accumulation of -methylglutamine but had no effect on the first phase of uptake. Following transfer of A. variabilis to darkness the initial phase of 14CH3NH
3
+
uptake at pH 7.0 and 9.0 was unaffected but the subsequent metabolism via glutamine synthetase was inhibited.Abbreviations MSX
l-methionine-d,l-sulphoximine
- GS
glutamine synthetase 相似文献
37.
Howard R. Morris Karen E. Batley Nigel G. L. Harding Richard A. Bjur John G. Dann Rodney W. King 《The Biochemical journal》1974,137(2):409-411
An elastase digest of a protein of unknown structure, dihydrofolate reductase, was studied by mass spectrometry. This soluble digest contained a large number of small peptides in different yields, within the ideal molecular-weight range (200-1200) for mixture-analysis mass spectrometry. Sequences of the major component peptides in the digest are reported. 相似文献
38.
39.
James M. Berger Paul J. Jackson Nigel J. Robinson Leah D. Lujan Emmanuel Delhaize 《Plant cell reports》1989,7(8):632-635
Suspension cultures of Datura innoxia cells were pulse-labeled with [35S]cysteine, then exposed to Cd to determine whether there is a direct precursor-product relationship amongst the different forms of the Cd-induced polypeptides, poly(-glutamylcysteinyl)glycines [(EC)nG, n=2 to 5]. Degradation of the polypeptides and possible regeneration of the [35S]-labeled glutathione and cysteine pools were also examined. After 2 h of exposure to [35S]cysteine, about 70% of the [35S]cysteine in the soluble fraction of the cell was incorporated into [35S]glutathione before exposure of the cells to Cd. One h after Cd exposure, most of the cellular [35S]glutathione was depleted and label was incorporated into (EC)nG. Analysis of [35S](EC)nG by reverse phase HPLC showed no direct precursor-product relationship between the synthesis of the shorter and longer chain forms. However, the rate of synthesis of the different polypeptides was linear for 32 h after Cd exposure. There was no evidence of degradation of [35S](EC)nG nor was it excreted into the medium within this period. From these results it is suggested that in the presence of Cd, a large pool of (EC)nG is unavailable for elongation to (EC)n+1G.Abbreviations (EC)nG
Poly(-glutamylcysteinyl)glycine
- HPLC
High pressure liquid chromatography
- CPM
Counts per minute 相似文献
40.
Nigel J. Robinson 《Journal of applied phycology》1989,1(1):5-18
Metallothioneins, MT's, are low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich, polypeptides that complex ‘soft’ metal ions in thiol clusters.
They are structurally diverse. Some MT's are gene products, while others are secondary metabolites. Two of the three classes
of MT have been identified in algae. Eukaryotic algae possess the secondary metabolites referred to as class III MT. There
is no unequivocal evidence that MT genes occur in eukaryotic algae. However, the products of MT genes have been identified
in cyanobacteria. These genes and their metal regulatory elements remain to be isolated and characterized.
MT's have attracted interest from researchers involved in a wide range of disciplines including bioinorganic chemistry, biochemistry,
molecular biology, physiology, toxicology, environmental science and medicine. Although, the precise physiological roles of
these polypeptides remain undefined, a large number of functions have been speculated. These molecules chelate toxic trace
metals, such as Cd, thereby reducing the concentration of cytotoxic, free-metal ions. Furthermore, some MT's are believed
to be involved in zinc and copper homoeostasis. Future studies should reveal whether or not some of the diversity of MT structure
reflects a diversity of function. 相似文献