全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10529篇 |
免费 | 784篇 |
国内免费 | 9篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 66篇 |
2022年 | 203篇 |
2021年 | 385篇 |
2020年 | 181篇 |
2019年 | 258篇 |
2018年 | 299篇 |
2017年 | 248篇 |
2016年 | 327篇 |
2015年 | 546篇 |
2014年 | 588篇 |
2013年 | 752篇 |
2012年 | 827篇 |
2011年 | 769篇 |
2010年 | 436篇 |
2009年 | 395篇 |
2008年 | 491篇 |
2007年 | 532篇 |
2006年 | 449篇 |
2005年 | 409篇 |
2004年 | 360篇 |
2003年 | 357篇 |
2002年 | 336篇 |
2001年 | 164篇 |
2000年 | 125篇 |
1999年 | 115篇 |
1998年 | 84篇 |
1997年 | 71篇 |
1996年 | 62篇 |
1995年 | 47篇 |
1994年 | 51篇 |
1993年 | 53篇 |
1992年 | 84篇 |
1991年 | 92篇 |
1990年 | 85篇 |
1989年 | 73篇 |
1988年 | 86篇 |
1987年 | 61篇 |
1986年 | 56篇 |
1985年 | 76篇 |
1984年 | 59篇 |
1983年 | 52篇 |
1980年 | 37篇 |
1979年 | 44篇 |
1978年 | 50篇 |
1977年 | 38篇 |
1976年 | 41篇 |
1975年 | 33篇 |
1974年 | 42篇 |
1973年 | 35篇 |
1971年 | 36篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 171 毫秒
111.
Alessandro Stefani Antonio Pisani Nicola B. Mercuri Paolo Calabresi 《Molecular neurobiology》1996,13(1):81-95
Glutamatergic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS) is mediated by ionotropic, ligand-gated receptors (iGluRs), and metabotropic receptors (mGluRs). mGluRs are coupled to GTP-binding regulatory proteins (G-proteins) and modulate different second messenger pathways. Multiple effects have been described following their activation; among others, regulation of fast synaptic transmission, changes in synaptic plasticity, and modification of the threshold for seizure generation. Some of the major roles played by the activation of mGluRs might depend on the modulation of high-voltage-activated (HVA) calcium (Ca2+) currents. Some HVA Ca2+ channels (N-, P-, and Q-type channels) are signaling components at most presynaptic active zones. Their mGluR-mediated inhibition reduces synaptic transmission. The interference, by agonists at mGluRs, on L-type channels might affect the repetitive neuronal firing behavior and the integration of complex events at the somatic level. In addition, the mGluR-mediated effects on voltagegated Ca2+ signals have been suggested to strongly influence neurotoxicity. Rather different coupling mechanisms underlie the relation between mGluRs and Ca2+ currents: Together with a fast, membrane-delimited mechanism of action, much slower responses, involving intracellular second messengers, have also been postulated. In the recent past, the relative paucity of selective agonists and antagonists for the different subclasses of mGluRs had hampered the clear definition of the roles of mGluRs in brain function. However, the recent availability of new pharmacological tools is promising to provide a better understanding of the neuronal functions related to different mGluR subtypes. The analysis of the mGluR-mediated modulation of Ca2+ conductances will probably offer new insights into the characterization of synaptic transmission and the development of neuroprotective agents. 相似文献
112.
113.
S M Kotwal M I Khan J M Khire 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1995,15(2):116-120
The thermophilic fungus,Humicola sp isolated from soil, secreted extracellular -galactosidase in a medium cotaining wheat bran extract and yeast extract. Maximum enzyme production was found in a medium containing 5% wheat bran extract as a carbon source and 0.5% beef extract as a carbon and nitrogen source. Enzyme secretion was strongly inhibited by the presence of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Hg2+ (1mM) in the fermentation medium. Production of enzyme under stationary conditions resulted in 10-fold higher activity than under shaking conditions. The temperature range for production of the enzyme was 37° C to 55°C, with maximum activity (5.54 U ml–1) at 45°C. Optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity were 5.0 and 60° C respectively. One hundred per cent of the original activity was retained after heating the enzyme at 60°C for 1 h. At 5mM Hg2+ strongly inhibited enzyme activity. TheK
m andV
max forp-nitrophenyl--d-galactopyranoside were 60M and 33.6 mol min–1 mg–1, respectively, while for raffinose those values were 10.52 mM and 1.8 mol min–1 mg–1, respectively. 相似文献
114.
Ahsan Ullah Khan 《Luminescence》1995,10(6):329-333
Simple acidification of aqueous alkaline peroxynitrite quantitatively generates singlet (1Δg) molecular oxygen, detected and quantitated spectroscopically (1270 nm). This observation provides a chemical basis for physiological cytotoxicity of ONOO? generated in the diffusion - controlled reaction of cellular NO? and O. The experiments consist of (i) chemical generation of ONOO? from NO? gas and KO2 powder in alkaline aqueous solution; (ii) absorption spectral identification of ONOO? in the near-UV with maximum at 302 nm; (iii) spectroscopic identification of 1O2 by its emission band at 1200–1340 nm with maximum at 1275 nm; and (iv) quantitation of 1O2 generated in ONOO?/H+ reaction by comparison of the chemiluminescence intensity at 1270 nm with that from H2O2/OCl? reaction that generates 1O2 with unit efficiency at alkaline pH. 1O2 was generated with unit efficiency with respect to ONOO? concentration by the ONOO?/H+ reaction. 相似文献
115.
Abstract Isolation and identification of allatostatin 4 (AST 4) from crude brain extracts of female Diploptera punctata are described. Synthetic analogues of allatostatin 4 truncated from the N-terminal were evaluated to gain some knowledge of structure-activity correlation. AST 4 reversibly inhibits the biosynthesis of JH in vitro . AST 4 has the following sequence: Asp-Arg-Leu-Tyr-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH2 . This neurohormone (AST 4) has no sequence similarity with any known neuropeptide from other organisms. Synthetic AST 4 as well as truncation fragments, including two with the five and six amino acids terminal residues deleted showed in vitro activity distinguishable from that of the native allatostatin. 相似文献
116.
The toxin gliotoxin induces apoptosis or programmed cell death in a variety of immune cells including thymocytes. Apoptosis induced by gliotoxin in thymocytes is unaffected by protein synthesis inhibitors nor is it associated with early changes in intracellular calcium levels (Beaver and Waring, 1994). This work shows that the cell lines P815 and WEHI7 and murine thymocytes when treated with gliotoxin show an early incorporation of tritiated thymidine over the concentration range which causes apoptosis. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker for S phase, is elevated in cells following gliotoxin treatment and S phase DNA content is increased. Thymidine incorporation is inhibited by hydroxyurea, an inhibitor of replicative DNA synthesis not repair. Free radical scavangers have no effect on apoptosis induced by gliotoxin in thymocytes. Hydrogen peroxide-treated cells showed no enhanced thymidine incorporation and no apoptosis. Thus oxidative stress does not appear to be a factor in gliotoxin-induced apoptosis. Thymocytes treated with gliotoxin show increased phosphorylation of a 16.3 kDa protein, and apoptosis is inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein, which also inhibited the increased thymidine incorporation in P815 cells. We conclude that one mechanism by which gliotoxin can cause apoptosis may be the induction of inappropriate entry of cells into the cell cycle followed by death. 相似文献
117.
J. Hay W. Khan A.J.C. Mead D.V. Seal J.K. Sugden 《Letters in applied microbiology》1994,18(2):117-119
Commercially-available phenol red indicator, purified by adsorption chromatography was incorporated into lauryl sulphate broth (LSB) used in the membrane filtration method for the detection of Escherichia coli and other coliform bacteria. Relative to LSB containing the impure dye or its major contaminant, the purified phenol red provided clear visualization of discrete yellow colonies observed against a white background. The colonies remained stable for at least 24 h at 25°C under standard laboratory lighting conditions. This simple procedure will enhance the detection of coliforms in samples. 相似文献
118.
Bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase was inhibited by butylphenyl nucleotides, aphidicolin and pyrophosphate analogs, but with lower sensitivities than other members of the B family DNA polymerases. The nucleotides N2-(p-n-butylphenyl)dGTP (BuPdGTP) and 2-(p-n-butylanilino)dATP (BuAdATP) inhibited T4 DNA polymerase with competitive Ki values of 0.82 and 0.54 microM with respect to dGTP and dATP, respectively. The same compounds were more potent inhibitors in truncated assays lacking the competitor dNTP, displaying apparent Ki values of 0.001 and 0.0016 microM, respectively. BuPdGTP was a substrate for T4 DNA polymerase, and the resulting 3'-BuPdG-primer:template was bound strongly by the enzyme. Each of the non-substrate derivatives, BuPdGDP and BuPdGMPCH2PP, inhibited T4 DNA polymerase with similar potencies in both the truncated and variable competitor assays. These results indicate that BuPdGTP inhibits T4 DNA polymerase by distinct mechanisms depending upon the assay conditions. Reversible competitive inhibition predominates in the presence of dGTP, and incorporation in the absence of dGTP leads to potent inhibition by the modified primer:template. The implications of these findings for the use of these inhibitors in the study of B family DNA polymerases is discussed. 相似文献
119.
Nicola Maggiano Franco Citterio Antonella Evangelista Ubaldo Pozzetto Marco Castagneto Arnaldo Capelli 《The Histochemical journal》1994,26(7):553-562
Summary The targets of preformed natural antibodies need to be identified whenever the use of pig organs is considered for human transplantation. In this study we used extracorporeal perfusion of pig organs with human blood, immunocytological techniques and immuno-electron microscopy to identify the targets and the nature of human preformed natural antibodies against pig antigens. The antibodies were found to be mainly of the IgG and IgM type and directed not only against endothelial cells, but also against mesenchymal and epithelial structures. To reproduce an in vivo situation, a Bio-pump was used to xenoperfuse pig kidneys and livers with human fresh oxygenated blood at 37°C, drawn from polycythaemic patients. Biopsies showed a deposition of human IgG and IgM on tubuli and glomeruli of pig kidneys and on endothelial cells of pig livers. Preperfusion of pig liver with human blood for 45 minutes before perfusion of kidneys significantly reduced the deposition of the natural antibodies. 相似文献
120.
Abstract: The pentameric subunit composition of a large population (36%) of the cerebellar granule cell GABAA receptors that show diazepam (or clonazepam)-insensitive [3 H]Ro 15-4513 binding has been determined by immunoprecipitation with subunit-specific antibodies. These receptors have α6 , α1 , γ2S , γ2L , and β2 or β3 subunits colocalizing in the same receptor complex. 相似文献