人工高盐环境中可培养嗜盐菌的分离与分析

嗜盐菌属于极端微生物中的一种,其结构与理化性质的研究受到国内外同行的关注.国际同行在嗜盐菌的研究领域已经做了大量的工作,而国内的研究工作相对较少.     

广东连州田心省级自然保护区珍稀濒危植物资源现状及优先保护初步研究

掌握保护区珍稀植物本底与受威胁状态,完善保护区珍稀植物的优先保护评价体系,可为保护区制定保护对策、科学管理提供依据。通过资料收集和实地考察,对连州田心省级自然保护区珍稀植物资源开展研究,结果表明,田心省级自然保护区共有珍稀植物35科63属94种,其中国家重点保护野生植物有25科33属46种,广东省重点保护野生植物有7科10属10种,中国植物红皮书稀有濒危植物20科25属25种,CITES公约附录植物5科23属46种。采用优先保护评价体系对41种代表性珍稀濒危植物进行排序,结果属Ⅰ级保护的有2种,占评价总数的4.88%;属Ⅱ级保护的有22种,占评价总数的53.66%;属Ⅲ级保护的有17种,占评价总数的41.46%。田心省级自然保护区生境良好,珍稀濒危植物种类多,数量丰富,具有较高的生态保护价值。该评价体系对41种植物的评价与分级结果更真实地反映了它们在田心保护区受威胁状态和优先保护顺序,对该区珍稀濒危植物的优先保护工作具有一定指导意义。     

水稻对褐飞虱抗性相关蛋白的双向电泳分析

以药用野生稻 (Oryzaofficinalis)的转育后代B5 (高抗褐飞虱 (NilaparvatalugensSt l) )与感虫品种明恢 6 3(OryzasativaL .)为亲本 ,构建了一个重组自交系群体。通过抗褐飞虱鉴定 ,筛选出极端抗虫株系和极端感虫株系 ,运用分群分析法 (bulkedsegregantanalysis ,BSA)分别建成了极端抗虫集团 (resistantbulk)和极端感虫集团 (susceptiblebulk)的蛋白质池。利用双向电泳技术 ,分别分析了极端抗虫集团和极端感虫集团受虫害与未受虫害的秧苗蛋白质的变化。结果发现 ,虫害 48h后 ,感虫集团的一个分子量为 40kD的蛋白质P40 (pI=6 .3)的表达明显减弱甚至消失 ,而在抗虫集团中 ,P40的表达未受影响。与褐飞虱为害后抗虫株系和感虫株系不同的生理反应相联系 ,推测P40与水稻受褐飞虱虫害后引起的应答反应相关     

不同剂量的LED红光直接照射对人肝癌细胞HepG2生长特性的影响

采用发光二极管(light-emitting diode,LED)对人肝癌细胞株HepG2进行不同时间的照射,研究了LED直接照射对肿瘤细胞牛长特性的影响.实验采用功率密度为7.23 mW/cm2、中心波长为(650±10)nm的红色LED对人肝癌细胞株HepG2进行不同时间的照射,采用MTT法用酶标仪测试了实验处理后肿瘤细胞的吸光值,采用光学显微镜对细胞进行形态学分析,用PI荧光染色法对细胞的生长特性进行了分析.实验结果表明,小于18 min的低强度红色LED照射呵以促进肿瘤细胞的增殖,而大于35 min的低强度红色LED照射可以抑制肿瘤细胞生长.采用合适剂量的低强度红色LED照射肿瘤细胞可以抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,这对LED直接照射治疗肿瘤疾病有一定的指导意义.     

火针层孔菌（桑黄）粗多糖对荷瘤小鼠的免疫调节研究

研究了火针层孔菌不同粗多糖对荷瘤小鼠的免疫调节作用。荷瘤小鼠随机分为四组:胞外粗多糖组、菌丝体粗多糖组、子实体粗多糖组和生理盐水阴性对照组。给药10d后测定荷瘤小鼠脾NK细胞活性和脾淋巴细胞的增殖率。结果显示火针层孔菌粗多糖组与阴性对照组相比能够提高小鼠脾NK细胞活性和脾淋巴细胞的增殖率(P<0.01),表明火针层孔菌液体发酵粗多糖和子实体粗多糖对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能均有调节作用。     

Protein kinase C delta null mice exhibit structural alterations in articular surface,intra-articular and subchondral compartments

IntroductionStructural alterations in intra-articular and subchondral compartments are hallmarks of osteoarthritis, a degenerative disease that causes pain and disability in the aging population. Protein kinase C delta (PKC-δ) plays versatile functions in cell growth and differentiation, but its role in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone is not known.MethodsHistological analysis including alcian blue, safranin O staining and fluorochrome labeling were used to reveal structural alterations at the articular cartilage surface and bone–cartilage interface in PKC-δ knockout (KO) mice. The morphology and organization of chondrocytes were studied using confocal microscopy. Glycosaminoglycan content was studied by micromass culture of chondrocytes of PKC-δ KO mice.ResultsWe uncovered atypical structural demarcation between articular cartilage and subchondral bone of PKC-δ KO mice. Histology analyses revealed a thickening of the articular cartilage and calcified bone–cartilage interface, and decreased safranin O staining accompanied by an increase in the number of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the articular cartilage of PKC-δ KO mice. Interestingly, loss of demarcation between articular cartilage and bone was concomitant with irregular chondrocyte morphology and arrangement. Consistently, in vivo calcein labeling assay showed an increased intensity of calcein labeling in the interface of the growth plate and metaphysis in PKC-δ KO mice. Furthermore, in vitro culture of chondrocyte micromass showed a decreased alcian blue staining of chondrocyte micromass in the PKC-δ KO mice, indicative of a reduced level of glycosaminoglycan production.ConclusionsOur data imply a role for PKC-δ in the osteochondral plasticity of the interface between articular cartilage and the osteochondral junction.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0720-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

茉莉酸甲酯对烟草幼苗抗病毒的影响

用茉莉酸甲酯处理4叶期烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)幼苗后接种烟草花叶病毒,考察发病情况和病情指数,并测定一些与抗病相关的酶活性。结果表明,茉莉酸甲酯处理后接种病毒明显降低巴两烟草的病情指数,提高几丁内切酶、β1,3-葡聚糖苷酶、SOD、脂氧酶的活件。其中仅SOD活性与抗病毒有较密切的关系。茉莉酸甲酯可能是诱导巴西烟草抗花叶病毒的信号物质。     

The mushroom ribosome-inactivating protein lyophyllin exerts deleterious effects on mouse embryonic development in vitro

Earlier investigations disclose that some plant ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) adversely affect mouse embryonic development. In the present study, a mushroom RIP, namely lyophyllin from Lyophyllum shimeji, was isolated, partially sequenced, and its translation inhibitory activity determined. Its teratogenicity was studied by using a technique entailing microinjection and postimplantation whole-embryo culture. It was found that embryonic abnormalities during the period of organogenesis from E8.5 to E9.5 were induced by lyophyllin at a concentration as low as 50 μg/ml, and when the lyophyllin concentration was raised, the number of abnormal embryos increased, the final somite number decreased, and the abnormalities increased in severity. The affected embryonic structures included the cranial neural tube, forelimb buds, branchial arches, and body axis, while optic and otic placodes were more resistant. Lyophyllin at a concentration higher than 500 μg/ml also induced forebrain blisters within the cranial mesenchyme. When the abnormal embryos were examined histologically, an increase of cell death was found to be associated with abnormal structures, indicating that cell death may be one of the underlying causes of teratogenicity of the mushroom RIP. This constitutes the first report on the teratogenicity of a mushroom RIP.     

甘肃临夏盆地晚中新世貘类化石(奇蹄目、貘科)一新种

描述在甘肃临夏盆地晚中新世地层中发现的貘属新种和政貘(Tapirus hezhengensis sp. nov.),它是貘属中已知最小的种之一。在基本特征上,临夏盆地的和政貘与现生貘已相当接近,前臼齿完全臼齿化,门齿、犬齿的数目和形态也与现生貘一致。东亚晚中新世缺少貘科化石的材料,和政貘的发现对中国第四纪貘类的来源提供了重要线索,显示中中新世起源于欧洲的真貘在晚中新世时期已扩散至东亚。貘类通常适应于潮湿的热带森林环境,但和政貘在华北三趾马动物群中的发现说明这类动物也能够生活于干旱的温带草原地区。     

5种光合细菌种间原生质体融合及优良农用融合子的筛选鉴定

处于对数生长期的光合细菌球形红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonassphaeroides)、沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonaspalustris)、嗜酸红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomdnasacidophila)、深红红螺菌(Rhodospirarubrum)、万尼氏红微菌(Rhodomocrobiumvannielii),经溶菌酶(3mg/L)处理50min后,获得了它们的菌体形成的原生质体,其再生率分别为80%、71%、82%、61%、74%.取等量的亲本菌株在35%的PEG(MW6000)诱导下两两融合5min,共10种组合.其融合率为球×沼2.5×10-4、球×嗜2.1×10-4、球×深2.0×10-4、球×万2.1×10-4、沼×嗜2.8×10-4、沼×深2.4×10-4、沼×万2.6×10-4、嗜×深2.0×10-4、嗜×万2.3×10-4、深×万2.4×10-4.经影印法鉴定:形成的融合子可以分别生长于以相应的有机物为唯一碳源的培养基上,所有融合子体积均相当于两亲本株体积之和,融合子菌落形态特征介于两亲本株之间.从中随机挑选100个融合子,以辣椒苗作为靶标植物,从上述融合子中筛选到了1株具有显著促进作物生长、提高抗病性的融合子.