叉孢苏铁ISSR反应条件的优化及初步应用

利用ISSR 技术对叉孢苏铁(Cycas segmentifida)遗传多样性进行研究,对影响PCR 反应的DNA 模板浓度、dNTP 浓度、Taq 酶含量、引物浓度、Mg2 浓度和退火温度等进行了条件优化。叉孢苏铁的ISSR 最佳反应扩增体系为20μl 反应体积2μl 10 ×PCR buffer,模板DNA20ng,1UTaq 酶,1.5～2.75mmol/L MgCl2,0.1mmol/L 4 ×dNTP,0.22μmol/L 引物,2%甲酰胺。适宜的退火温度为50～52℃。从103 条引物中筛选出12 条用于所有样品的扩增,共扩增出122 条带,其中多态性条带为86 条,占总条带数的70.49%。POPGENE分析结果表明,种级水平上,叉孢苏铁具有中等稍高的遗传多样性水平,且各居群间有着很高的遗传分化度。     

QSAR modeling and transmission electron microscopy stereology of altered mitochondrial ultrastructure of white blood cells in patients diagnosed as schizophrenic and treated with antipsychotic drugs.

Treatment of patients diagnosed as schizophrenic with antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) is known to cause occasional unexplained depletion of white blood cells, especially neutrophil granulocytes. It has been known for many years that neuroleptics can interfere with the mitochondrial respiratory chain in vitro. Because there has been a growing interest recently in mitochondrial targeting of drugs, and since a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model that predicts mitochondrial accumulation of neuroleptics has been published, we investigated the effects of neuroleptics on white blood cell mitochondria. Venous blood samples were collected from both patients undergoing treatment with neuroleptics and healthy volunteers. The samples were processed for transmission electron microscopy. The resulting images of white blood cells were analyzed using stereology to compare quantitatively mitochondrial morphology in the patient and control groups. We found that in patients, but not in controls, there was swelling of mitochondria and fragmentation of the mitochondrial cristae. There also were fewer mitochondria in patients than in controls, although due to the swelling of the organelles, the volume density of mitochondria in the two groups was not significantly different. Such changes are typical of a toxic insult. Consequently, it seems plausible that, since schizophrenia is not a disease considered to affect white blood cells per se, these changes probably are due to the medication.     

Effects of long-term fixation on histological quality of undecalcified murine bones embedded in methylmethacrylate

While long-term fixation and storage of specimens is common and useful for many research projects, it is particularly important for space flight investigations where samples may not be returned to Earth for several months (International Space Station) or years (manned mission to Mars). We examined two critical challenges of space flight experimentation: the effect of long-term fixation on the quality of mouse bone preservation and the preservation of antigens and enzymes for both histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses, and how the animal/sample processing affects the preservation. We show that long-term fixation minimally affects standard histological staining, but that enzyme histochemistry and immunolabeling are greatly compromised. Further, we demonstrate that whole animal preservation is not as suitable as whole leg or stripped leg preservation for long-term fixation and all histological analyses. Overall, we recommend whole leg processing for long-term storage of bone specimens in fixative prior to embedding in plastic for histological examination.     

梨树花芽休眠解除与活性氧代谢的关系

梨树(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)自然休眠和休眠解除时,花芽的活性氧代谢发生变化.O2-·产生速率和H2O2的含量在休眠期间上升,在休眠后期下降.抗氧化系统中SOD活性在自然休眠期呈下降趋势,自然休眠结束活性上升.POD和CAT活性在自然休眠期上升.抗氧化物质AsA和GSH的含量随休眠进行而下降,休眠解除过程中重新升高.APX和GR的活性在休眠期间活性下降,休眠结束活性迅速上升.这些结果表明:花芽的休眠与活性氧的代谢有很大关系.     

中国多孔菌一新记录种——韦氏小针层孔菌(英文)

根据中国的标本材料对中国多孔菌一新记录种———韦氏小针层孔菌 [Phellinidiumweirii(Murrill)Y .C .Dai]进行了详细描述 ,并讨论了该种与其相似种硫色小针层孔菌的区别 :该种担子果多年生 ,管孔较小 ( 5～ 7vs 4～ 5permm) ,管口全缘 ,担孢子不嗜蓝 ,只生长在柏树上。该种分布于青海省祁连山地区 ,生长在祁连圆柏上 ,造成祁连圆柏根部白色腐朽。     

棘状外瓶霉核糖体基因的初步研究

外瓶霉可致人类感染 ,不同生物群落的菌种 ,其致病性、药敏性等特征具有差异性。通过对 1 0株棘状外瓶霉核糖体基因及其转录间隔区进行序列测定 ,并与GeneBank中 9株同种真菌对比分析 ,揭示了不同生物群落的棘状外瓶霉虽然形态学差异性小 ,但在基因学上具有差异性 ;原属于甄氏外瓶霉变种的BMU 0 0 0 45 7(ATCC 2 41 5 2E .jeanselmeivar.hetoromorpha)与 2株棘状外瓶霉具有 1 0 0 %的同源性。研究提示了形态学特征相似的棘状外瓶霉在基因水平上具有差异性 ,核糖体基因及其转录间隔区对于研究菌群特性具有一定意义。     

一种海洋席藻淡化过程中脂肪酸组成的应急变化

采用三种淡化方式 ,对一种海洋席藻 (Phormidiumsp )淡化培养中脂肪酸组成的应急变化进行了研究。结果表明 :游离脂肪酸和结合脂肪酸在整个培养过程中有着完全不同的变化特征。对淡化过程的应急反应 ,结合脂肪酸首先表现出含量降低而游离脂肪酸含量增加 ;当藻体开始适应后结合脂肪酸的含量变化开始趋于稳定而游离脂肪酸含量呈现恢复性的降低 ;当藻体生长状况开始下降时 ,游离脂肪酸含量立即开始增加。其中游离脂肪酸C18∶2(n - 6 )有着与其他脂肪酸不一样的变化特征 ,在整个培养过程中都有着持续的增加直至开始死亡 ,此现象在不更换培养液的方式中尤其明显 ,认为它是该种席藻生长的自我抑制剂之一。采取换水培养和缓慢淡化的方式 ,可以部分消减海生席藻淡化过程中脂肪酸等生理生化因子的剧烈变化。     

点盾盲蝽属中国种类记述(半翅目,盲蝽科,齿爪盲蝽亚科)

研究了盲蝽科齿爪盲蝽亚科Deraeocorinae点盾盲蝽属AlloeotomusFieber中国种类 ;共记载 5个种 ,其中包括 2新种 (突肩点盾盲蝽A .humeralissp.nov.,云南点盾盲蝽A .yunnanensissp .nov.)和 1个新异名 (A .kerzhneriQi&Nonnaizab =A .montanusQi&Nonnaizab,syn.nov .)。新种模式标本均存于天津南开大学生物系昆虫标本室     

毕赤酵母表达的neurturin对恒河猴帕金森氏病模型中黑质多巴胺能神经元的保护作用

帕金森氏病(PD)是由于多巴胺能神经元变性、坏死,导致黑质-纹状体系统的多巴胺含量下降而引起的一种神经系统退行性疾病,目前还没有一种很好的方法能使之治愈.Neurturin（NTN）能特异地作用于中脑多巴胺能神经元,对该类神经元具营养和保护作用.经静脉注射1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)诱导恒河猴产生帕金森氏病模型,并在NTN治疗组,注射MPTP之前48 h脑室内注射重组毕赤酵母表达的人NTN 1 mg. 结果表明：模型组猴均逐渐出现了PD症状,而NTN治疗组猴,PD症状比较轻或不明显;荧光分光光度法测定MPTP模型组猴黑质、壳核和尾状核多巴胺（DA）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）和5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）的含量结果与正常对照组相比均显著降低,NTN治疗组猴的黑质、壳核和尾状核中的DA、5-HT和5-HIAA与对照组相比无显著性差异,而与模型组相比,DA、5-HT和5-HIAA含量均明显增加;光镜检查MPTP模型组猴黑质神经元细胞明显脱失,而NTN治疗组猴黑质神经元细胞丢失不明显,与正常对照组猴无差别.上述结果表明,制备的重组人NTN在恒河猴体内能保护中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元不受MPTP的损伤,使其DA含量及多巴胺能神经元维持正常,在MPTP存在下没有发生PD症状.     

含神经酸植物的研究

对自然界中植物果实的含油量、神经酸含量等进行了比较研究 .研究结果认为 ,在目前发现的 31种含有神经酸的植物中 ,蒜头果、盾叶木和遏蓝菜果实含油量高、且富含神经酸 ,是目前较为理想的开发神经酸产品的植物资源