外源DNA在体内的吸收与降解

外源ＤＮＡ在动物体内的吸收与降解研究已经受到了关注[1、2 ] 。由于基因治疗与ＤＮＡ疫苗的飞速发展 ,经常要通过一定的方式将外源的ＤＮＡ导入到动物体 ,然而对于它们的吸收与降解机制到目前为止仍然不是十分清楚。用基因治疗疾病时 ,须解决外源基因在动物体内的吸收与降解问题 ,尤其是大量外源ＤＮＡ质粒在动物体内的吸收与降解问题。外源ＤＮＡ的吸收与降解研究已成为一个热点 ,目前主要集中在肠胃道吸收降解和细胞吸收降解两个方面。1 .外源ＤＮＡ在肠胃道中的吸收与降解最有可能让外源ＤＮＡ进入动物体的就是肠胃道 ,在每天的进食中 …     

Changes in Abscisic Acid Content in Axis and Cotyledons of Developing Phaseolus vulgaris Embryos and their Physiological Consequences

Prevost, I. and Le Page–Degivry, M. Th. 1985. Changesin absicisic acid content in axis and cotyledons of developingPhaseolus vulgaris embryos and their physiological consequences.—J.exp. Bot. 36: 1900–1905.Changes in abscisic acid (ABA)content with time were measured in embryonic axes and in cotyledonsof Phaseolus vulgaris embryos using a radio–immunoassay.During embryogenesis, a similar pattern was observed in bothtissues: ABA increased to a maximum 29 d after an thesis, followedby a decrease as the seed matured. The level of ABA in the cotyledonswas always much higher than that in the axes. In in vitro cultures,the duration of the lag phase before germination of isolatedembryonic axes increased with ABA content. The presence of cotyledonsalways lengthened the lag phase; longer lag phases were associatedwith greater concentrations of ABA in the cotyledons. Moreoverthe presence of cotyledons stimulated the growth of seedlings. Key words: ABA distribution, embryo maturation, axis and embryo germinability     

梨分子遗传图谱构建及生长性状的QTL分析

利用鸭梨和京白梨杂交得到的F1(145株)实生苗为作图群体,通过对AFLP和SSR两种分子标记的遗传连锁分析,应用Joinmap 3.0作图软件,368个AFLP标记、34个SSR标记构建了分属18个连锁群的梨分子遗传连锁图谱,各连锁群的LOD值在4.0～7.0范围之间,图谱总长度覆盖梨基因组1395.9cM,平均图距为3.8cM.采用区间作图法,对该群体与生长性状相关的调查数据进行QTL分析,检测到与新梢生长量、新梢茎粗、节间长度、节间数量、树干径、树高及皮孔密度7个农艺性状连锁的QTL位点35个,其中主效QTL位点11个(LOD≥3.5).与生长性状相关的农艺性状QTL位点多集中在LG16连锁群上.     

抗氧化乳酸菌在体外结肠环境清除羟自由基的研究

目的利用鼠肝匀浆经Fe^2＋ -VitC诱导产生丙二醛（MDA）为模型研究29株乳酸菌的抗氧化活性。方法建立体外模拟结肠发酵体系,分析3株具有不同抗氧化能力的乳酸菌（Lactobacillus paracasei Fn032,Laaobacillus rhamnosus GG,Lactobacillus sp．Fn001）在正常结肠和铁过载结肠模型中清除羟自由基效果及对肠球菌增殖的的影响,并检测3株菌螯合亚铁离子能力及其无细胞提取物超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。结果体外结肠体系中羟自由基含量与肠球菌数量有显著相关性。在正常结肠环境中,3株乳酸菌清除羟自由基能力与其SOD活性一致,但与其抑制肠球菌增殖能力和螯合亚铁离子能力不一致。在高铁结肠环境中,3株乳酸菌清除羟自由基能力与它们抑制肠球菌增殖能力和螯合亚铁离子能力一致,但与SOD活性不一致。结论正常条件下乳酸菌可通过产生抗氧化酶来清除结肠自由基,铁过载条件则可增强具有铁螯和能力乳酸菌的抗氧化活性。     

慢性肾脏病患者心脏结构与功能变化的超声心动图研究

目的:研究慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者心脏结构及功能的变化.方法:选择我院肾内科175例慢性肾脏病未透析患者,按照2003年美国国家肾脏基金会-肾脏病转归质量(NKF-K/DOQI)指南的标准进行分期,观察所有患者心脏结构及功能在超声中的变化.结果:慢性肾脏病患者随着肾功能的恶化,各组之间比较,室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPW)、左心室心肌重量指数(LVMI)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、左心房内径(LAD)具有升高的趋势(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);但E/A比值未出现伴随着肾功能恶化而逐渐减低的趋势(P＞0.05);射血分数(EF)、短轴缩短卒(FS)在各期之间无明显变化(P＞0.05);而TVI技术测定的Em、Em/Am具有显著减低的趋势(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);瓣膜返流以二尖瓣返流为主.结论:慢性肾脏病患者心脏结构与功能随肾功能减退而加重,超声心动图检查结合组织速度显像(TVI)技术能更好地检测心脏结构和功能变化,尤其是检测左心室舒张功能障碍.     

Piping Plover Chick Foraging,Growth, and Survival in the Great Plains

Abstract: We tested the hypothesis that piping plover (Charadrius melodus) habitat quality and chick survival on the Missouri River, USA, were lower on a cold-water reservoir and downstream from a hypolimnetic (cold-water) release dam with diel water fluctuations (Garrison Dam) than downstream from an epilimnetic dam (Gavins Point Dam). Plovers in adjacent alkali wetlands provided an index to the maximum reproductive potential in the region. Chicks gained weight more rapidly in the alkali wetlands than on epilimnetic and hypolimnetic river reaches. Invertebrate numbers and biomass were higher in the wetlands and epilimnetic reach, but chick survival was lower on the epilimnetic reach. Thus, piping plovers adapted to a variety of prey densities, and other factors, likely predation, reduced survival rates in the epilimnetic reach. Temporal and spatial variability in site quality indices suggests the need for a regional management strategy with different strategies at each site. Managers can minimize effects of local fluctuations in resource abundance and predators by ensuring protection of or creating geographically dispersed habitat. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 72(3):682–687; 2008)     

我国奶牛乳房炎致病性金黄色葡萄球菌血清型分布

本试验采用玻片凝集法对从临床型乳房炎病乳中分离获得的56株金黄色葡萄球菌进行血清型分型。结果表明336型占67.9%(38/56),5型占7.1%(4/56),8型占3.6%(2/56)。     

盐度对互花米草枯落物分解释放硅、碳、氮元素的影响

为了研究潮汐湿地盐度对枯落物分解过程中硅、碳、氮元素释放的影响,通过室内模拟不同盐度(0、5、15和30)对互花米草枯落物茎和叶分解释放过程中硅、碳、氮元素的动态变化进行测定。结果表明:(1)互花米草茎和叶枯落物失重率和分解速率均随盐度增加而降低。(2)互花米草茎和叶枯落物分解水体中硅含量均随着盐度升高而增加,并且盐度30处理下,枯落物分解硅释放量显著高于盐度0和5(P0.05)。而分解末期生物硅残留量则随盐度升高而降低。(3)不同盐度处理茎枯落物分解碳释放量无显著差异,但叶枯落物分解碳释放量在盐度5、15和30处理中显著高于淡水(P0.05)。(4)互花米草茎枯落物分解释放到水中的NH_4~+-N含量随着盐度的升高而减少,NO_3~--N含量与之相反。研究单因素盐度对枯落物分解及元素释放的影响,可以为预测潮汐湿地枯落物分解对盐水入侵的响应机制提供参考,为湿地生源要素生物地球化学循环过程研究提供基础依据。     

siRNA, miRNA and HIV: promises and challenges

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) are small RNAs of 18-25 nucleotides (nt) in length that play important roles in regulating gene expression. They are incorporated into an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and serve as guides for silencing their corresponding target mRNAs based on complementary base-pairing. The promise of gene silencing has led many researchers to consider siRNA as an anti-viral tool. However, in long-term settings, many viruses appear to escape from this therapeutical strategy. An example of this may be seen in the case of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) which is able to evade RNA silencing by either mutating the siRNA-targeted sequence or by encoding for a partial suppressor of RNAi (RNA interference). On the other hand, because miRNA targeting does not require absolute complementarity of base-pairing, mutational escape by viruses from miRNA-specified silencing may be more difficult to achieve. In this review, we discuss stratagems used by various viruses to avoid the cells' antiviral si/mi-RNA defenses and notions of how viruses might control and regulate host cell genes by encoding viral miRNAs (vmiRNAs).     

Adaptive divergence for a fitness-related trait among invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia populations in France

The impact of natural selection on the adaptive divergence of invasive populations can be assessed by testing the null hypothesis that the extent of quantitative genetic differentiation (Q(ST) ) would be similar to that of neutral molecular differentiation (F(ST) ). Using eight microsatellite loci and a common garden approach, we compared Q(ST) and F(ST) among ten populations of an invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) in France. In a common garden study with varying water and nutrient levels, we measured Q(ST) for five traits (height, total biomass, reproductive allocation, above- to belowground biomass ratio, and days to flowering). Although low F(ST) indicated weak genetic structure and strong gene flow among populations, we found significant diversifying selection (Q(ST) > F(ST) ) for reproductive allocation that may be closely related to fitness. It suggests that abiotic conditions may have exerted selection pressure on A. artemisiifolia populations to differentiate adaptively, such that populations at higher altitude or latitude evolved greater reproductive allocation. As previous studies indicate multiple introductions from various source populations of A. artemisiifolia in North America, our results suggest that the admixture of introduced populations may have increased genetic diversity and additive genetic variance, and in turn, promoted the rapid evolution and adaptation of this invasive species.