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91.
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The solvation properties of ubiquinone-10 and ubiquinol-10 in a wide variety of solvents of polarity varying from alkanes to water are reported. Greatest solubility is observed in solvents of intermediate polarity and particularly where low polarity is combined with a pronounced tendency to interact with the benzoquinone substituent of the ubiquinone molecule. This includes solvents like chloroform and benzene. Ubiquinone-10 is somewhat less polar than ubiquinol-10 as judged by comparative solubilities of the two molecules. Proton-NMR chemical shift measurements and aggregation studies in selected solvents indicate that in ubiquinone-10 in the liquid phase and in solution in hydrocarbons like dodecane the molecules have a preferred association possibly involving stacking of the benzoquinone rings. Surface balance studies indicated that the surface-active character of ubiquinone-10 is relatively weak and only in a comparatively polar and highly structured solvent, formamide, was there evidence of an effect on surface tension of the solvent. The critical micelle concentratiom in this solvent was estimated to be about 5 M on the basis of surface tension measurements. Ubiquinone-10 is well known to form virtually insoluble monolayers at the air/water interface. Studies of the partition of ubiquinone-10 in binary mixtures of solvents suggest that the interaction of the benzoquinone ring substituent with structured polar solvents is considerably weaker than the internal cohesion between molecules of the solvent. No evidence on the basis of wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements was obtained to indicate that solvent molecules were a component of the crystal lattice of ubiquinone-10 that had precipitated from solvent mixtures. 相似文献
94.
H S S Sharma 《Biotechnology letters》1986,8(3):219-223
Summary Application of chemical additives to alter the rate of retting of desiccated flax stems was successful. Treatment with ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and urea increased the rate of retting. Increases, in the population of fungal colonisers were observed on urea-treated stems but not after EDTA treatment. Enhanced PG activities were detected in stems treated with EDTA and maimum PL and xylanase activities were detected in stems treated with urea. Urea treated stems produced relatively finer fibres compared to fibres from EDTA treated stems of controls. 相似文献
95.
Summary The critical role of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in determining the rate of ethanol production is confirmed using PDC constitutive mutants. By deriving strains with altered levels of these two enzymes, it has been found that a high level of both PDC and ADH is necessary for faster ethanol production. 相似文献
96.
The influence of dietary supplementation with thiamine on lead (Pb) contents in blood and tissues, blood δ-aminolevulinic
acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity, and urinary excretion of δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) was evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley
rats. Groups of randomly selected animals were given a thiamine-deficient diet, a diet containing normal thiamine (20 mg/kg),
or a thiamine-supplemented diet (50 mg/kg), along with control drinking water or water containing 100 ppm Pb, for 4 mo. Animals
fed the thiamine-supplemented diet (50 mg/kg) and Pb showed decreased urinary excretion of δ-ALA and a decreased inhibition
of δ-ALAD activity in blood compared to those given Pb with normal thiamine diet. The liver, kidney, and blood of rats receiving
supplemental thiamine also contained significantly less Pb than the other two treatment groups given Pb-containing water.
The protective effect of thiamine against Pb toxicity may be attributed to its interference with retention of the metal in
body tissue, possibly resulting from the formation of excretable thiamine-lead complexes. 相似文献
97.
The uptake of nutrients was investigated in the renal cortical brush border membrane (BBM) vesicles at different stages of ascending pyelonephritis. There was significant difference (p less than 0.05) in the uptake of D-glucose, L-alanine, L-aspartate, L-lysine and L-proline 3 days postinfection and onwards in both right unobstructed and left obstructed experimental kidneys as compared to the sham operated control. The uptake of D-glucose, L-lysine and L-proline was found to be significantly decreased (p less than 0.05) during the course of infection. While uptake of L-alanine and L-aspartate increased (p less than 0.05) in early stages and decreased (p less than 0.05) in later stages of infection. The differential effect was attributed to the compensatory measure and different kinds of transport systems for different types of amino acids. 相似文献
98.
Vipin K. Paliwal Krishan K. Kohli Mridula Sharma Ravindra Nath 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1986,71(2):139-147
Metallothionein (MT) a low molecular weight, Cd-binding, cysteine rich, cytosolic protein has been isolated, purified and characterized from cadmium exposed Rhesus monkeys maintained on protein calorie malnourished (PCM) diet. Metallothionein was resolved into three isoforms i.e. MTa, MTb and MTVc. The ratio of Cd, Zn and Cu varied in these isometallothioneins. MTc was the major isometallothionein. UV Spectra of MTc revealed the presence of mercaptide bonds and absence of aromatic amino acids. These observations were further confirmed by amino acid analysis of MTc which demonstrated high cysteine content (22.6) followed by serine, glycine and lysine. The molecular weight of MTc as determined by gel filtration and amino acid analysis was 13000 and 6398 daltons respectively. This demonstrates that MTc is a non-globular ellipsoid polypeptide. MTc showed a unique property of binding selenium. Monkey liver metallothionein was immunologically identical with human metallothionein. All the characteristics of MTc obtained in the present study reveal a similarity between monkey and human metallothionein probably due to closer phylogenetic relationship between the two species. 相似文献
99.
100.
Serial sections of 350 nm thickness were used to make a correlation between electron and light microscopic observations. While thionin-acridine orange staining gave a positive result to detect abnormal sieve tubes of phyllody affected Phlox drummondii Hook, when observed under light microscope, the same cells revealed the presence of typical mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) in electron microscopic examination. Advantage of 350 nm thick sections in electron microscopy, and the utility of the technique in MLO detection have been discussed. 相似文献