全文获取类型
收费全文 | 642篇 |
免费 | 52篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 34篇 |
2020年 | 19篇 |
2019年 | 26篇 |
2018年 | 29篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 37篇 |
2015年 | 49篇 |
2014年 | 59篇 |
2013年 | 42篇 |
2012年 | 65篇 |
2011年 | 37篇 |
2010年 | 44篇 |
2009年 | 27篇 |
2008年 | 31篇 |
2007年 | 31篇 |
2006年 | 20篇 |
2005年 | 17篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有695条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
Binu Timsina Maan B. Rokaya Zuzana Münzbergová Pavel Kindlmann Bikram Shrestha Bishnu Bhattarai Bhakta B. Raskoti 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2016,25(13):2803-2819
Associations between epiphytes and their hosts are among the main factors affecting the biodiversity and distribution of epiphytes. While several previous studies explored the association between epiphyte diversity and host characteristics, very little is known about the generality of such associations at larger spatial scales. We aim to explore the associations between diversity and distribution of epiphytic orchids and host characteristics in different localities in Nepal. Epiphytic orchids and their hosts were recorded along the transects in total of 23,539 host individuals. To describe the diversity of orchids in the different localities, a rarefaction function was used. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to explore the associations with locality, host characteristics, and their interactions with locality. In total, we recorded 141 species of orchids growing on 192 host species. The five localities significantly differed in orchid diversity and abundance. The number of orchid individuals per host species significantly increased with increasing number of host individuals. Species richness, abundances, occupancy of orchid species on host species and composition of orchids varied across the localities. Species richness and abundance was significantly higher on hosts in the higher strata and differed between families of host species. Abundance was higher on evergreen hosts. Composition of orchid communities are also associated with host characteristics, such as habit (shrub/tree/climber), bark texture, nature (deciduous/evergreen) and the plant families of host species. This study revealed a high diversity of epiphytic orchids in the localities studied and strong associations between the orchids and their hosts. Future studies looking at the relationships between epiphyte communities and host characteristics need to identify relationships at a wider scale in order to determine whether they are really general rather than site-specific. 相似文献
102.
Arati Shrestha Santosh Bhattarai Binod Shrestha Narayan Prasad Koju 《Ecology and evolution》2021,11(21):14689
Pangolins in the genus Manis are nocturnal, burrowing, insectivorous mammals listed as Critically Endangered or Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Two species of pangolins are found in Nepal: the Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) and Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata). Despite having high conservation priority, little attention has been given to conservation interventions of both species of pangolins found in the Terai region (low land) of Nepal. The present study assesses habitat use and factors affecting the habitat choice of pangolins in low land (Terai), Nepal, focusing on Amritdharapani Community Forest of Chitwan district. Pangolin burrows were used as the indirect signs, and opportunistic sampling method was used to record the burrows. After the identification of all occurrence sites (burrows) in the field, random points were generated excluding the points where burrows were recorded for sampling of nonoccurrence sites. A total of thirty‐nine burrows were observed at elevations ranging from 301 to 413 masl. Burrows were frequently associated with northwest aspects, gentle slope (15°–20°), moderate canopy cover (51%–75%), red‐colored soil, and acidic soils with pH 6.5–7. The burrows were most common in areas with weak human disturbance (i.e., 1,500–1,700 m from settlements), 800–1,200 m from roads, and within 300 m from a water source and within 20 m from the nearest termitarium. Distance to settlement, distance to road, soil pH, and canopy cover were found to affect the habitat choice of pangolins in the study area. 相似文献
103.
Nagarajan Muthukaman Macchindra Tambe Mahamadhanif Shaikh Dnyandeo Pisal Sanjay Deshmukh Shital Tondlekar Neelam Sarode Lakshminarayana Narayana Jitendra M. Gajera Vidya G. Kattige Srinivasa Honnegowda Vikas Karande Abhay Kulkarni Dayanidhi Behera Satyawan B. Jadhav Girish S. Gudi Neelima Khairatkar-Joshi Laxmikant A. Gharat 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2017,27(11):2594-2601
A series of substituted tricyclic 4,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydrochromeno[3,4-d]imidazole derivatives have been synthesized and their mPGES-1 biological activity has been disclosed in detail. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) optimization provided inhibitors with excellent mPGES-1 potency and low to moderate PGE2 release A549 cell potency. Among the mPGES-1 inhibitors studied, 7, 9 and 11l provided excellent selectivity over COX-2 (>200-fold) and >70-fold selectivity for COX-1 except 11l, which exhibited dual mPGES-1/COX-1 activity. Furthermore, the above tested mPGES-1 inhibitors demonstrated good metabolic stability in liver microsomes, high plasma protein binding (PPB) and no significant inhibition observed in clinically relevant CYP isoforms. Besides, selected mPGES-1 tool compounds 9 and 11l provided good in vivo pharmacokinetic profile and oral bioavailability (%F = 33 and 85). Additionally, the representative mPGES-1 tool compounds 9 and 11l revealed moderate in vivo efficacy in the LPS-induced thermal hyperalgesia guinea pig pain model. 相似文献
104.
Silvana Mara Turbino Luz Ribeiro Laís Roquete Lopes Guilherme de Paula Costa Vivian Paulino Figueiredo Deena Shrestha Aline Priscila Batista Roney Luiz de Carvalho Nicolato Fernando Luiz Pereira de Oliveira Juliana Assis Silva Gomes Andre Talvani 《Immunity & ageing : I & A》2017,14(1):6
Background
The current concept of overweight/obesity is most likely related to a combination of increased caloric intake and decreased energy expenditure. Widespread inflammation, associated with both conditions, appears to contribute to the development of some obesity-related comorbidities. Interventions that directly or indirectly target individuals at high risk of developing obesity have been largely proposed because of the increasing number of overweight/obese cases worldwide. The aim of the present study was to assess CXCL16, IL-17, and BMP-2 plasma factors in middle-aged and elderly women and relate them to an overweight or obese status. In total, 117 women were selected and grouped as eutrophic, overweight, and obese, according to anthropometric parameters. Analyses of anthropometric and circulating biochemical parameters were followed by plasma immunoassays for CXCL-16, IL-17, and BMP-2.Results
Plasma mediators increased in all overweight and obese individuals, with the exception of BMP-2 in the elderly group, whereas CXCL16 levels were shown to differentiate overweight and obese individuals. Overweight and/or obese middle-aged and elderly individuals presented with high LDL, triglycerides, and glycemia levels. Anthropometric parameters indicating increased-cardiovascular risk were positively correlated with CXCL-16, BMP-2, and IL-17 levels in overweight and obese middle-aged and elderly individuals.Conclusion
This study provides evidence that CXCL-16, IL-17, and BMP-2 are potential plasma indicators of inflammatory status in middle-aged and elderly women; therefore, further investigation of obesity-related comorbidities is recommended. CXCL16, in particular, could be a potential marker for middle-aged and elderly individuals transitioning from eutrophic to overweight body types, which represents an asymptomatic and dangerous condition.105.
Nitrogen‐Doped CNx/CNTs Heteroelectrocatalysts for Highly Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells 下载免费PDF全文
Aabhash Shrestha Munkhbayar Batmunkh Cameron J. Shearer Yanting Yin Gunther G. Andersson Joseph G. Shapter Shizhang Qiao Sheng Dai 《Liver Transplantation》2017,7(8)
The use of polydopamine as a nitrogen containing precursor to generate catalytically active nitrogen‐doped carbon (CNx) materials on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is reported. These N‐doped CNx/CNT materials display excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of triiodide electrolyte in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Further, the influence of various synthesis parameters on the catalytic performance of CNx/CNTs is investigated in detail. The best performing device fabricated with the CNx/CNTs material delivers power conversion efficiency of 7.3%, which is comparable or slightly higher than that of Pt (7.1%) counter electrode‐based DSSC. These CNx/CNTs materials show great potential to address the issues associated with the Pt electrocatalyst including the high cost and scarcity. 相似文献
106.
Derek W. Barchenger Kurt H. Lamour Zong-Ming Sheu Sandesh Shrestha Sanjeet Kumar Shih-Wen Lin Rishi Burlakoti Paul W. Bosland 《Mycological Progress》2017,16(10):955-963
Phytophthora capsici is a devastating disease of pepper (Capsicum sp.) in Taiwan causing complete loss of commercial fields. The objective of this study was to characterize genetic diversity for 38 newly collected isolates and three historical isolates. Analysis of data includes whole genome sequence for two new isolates and for two isolates collected previously in 1987 and 1995. In addition, 63 single nucleotide polymorphism loci were genotyped using targeted-sequencing, revealing 27 unique genotypes. Genotypes fell into three genetic groups: two of the groups contain 90% (n = 33) of the 2016 isolates, are triploid (or higher), are exclusively the A2 mating type and appear to be two distinct clonal lineages. The isolates from 2016 that grouped with the historical isolates are diploid and the A1 mating type. Whole genome sequence revealed that ploidy varies by linkage group, and it appears the A2 clonal lineages may have switched mating type due to increased ploidy. Most of the isolates were recently race-typed on a set of differential C. annuum, and although there was no direct correlation between virulence and ploidy, many of the triploid isolates were less virulent as compared to the historical diploid isolates. The implications for breeding resistant pepper and conducting population analyses are discussed. 相似文献
107.
Geeta Shrestha Vaidya Keshab Shrestha Buddi R. Khadge Nancy C. Johnson Håkan Wallander 《Restoration Ecology》2008,16(1):79-87
Erosion resulting from landslides is a serious problem in mountainous countries such as Nepal. To restore such sites it is essential to establish plant cover that protects the soil and reduces surface erosion. Mycorrhizal fungi growing in symbiosis with plants are essential in this respect because they improve both plant nutrient uptake and soil structure. We investigated the influence of organic matter and P amendment on recently produced biomass of bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in eroded slopes in Nepal. Eroded soil mixed with different types of organic matter or P was placed in mesh bags, which were buried around trees of Bauhinia purpurea and Leucaena diversifolia between June 2003 and December 2003 (the wet season) or between December 2003 and June 2004 (the dry season). Signature fatty acids were used to determine bacterial and AM fungal biomass after the 6‐month intervals. The amount and composition of AM fungal spores were analyzed in the mesh bags from the dry season. More microbial biomass was produced during the wet season than during the dry season. Furthermore, organic matter addition enhanced the production of AM fungal and bacterial biomass during both periods. The positive influence of organic matter addition on AM fungi could be an important contribution to plant survival in plantations on eroded slopes. Different AM spore communities and bacterial profiles were obtained with different organic amendments and this suggests a possible way of selecting for specific microbial communities in the management of eroded sites. 相似文献
108.
Cadmium (Cd), a well known environmental carcinogen, is a potent immunotoxicant. In rodents, it is primarily characterized
by marked thymic atrophy and splenomegaly. Cadmium induces apoptosis in murine lymphocytes and alters the immune functions.
Thus, for the amelioration of its effect, three structurally different bioactive herbal extracts such as piperine—alkaloid,
picroliv—glycosides and curcumin—polyphenols were evaluated and their efficacy compared. For ascertaining their immunomodulatory
role, various biochemical indices of cell damage such as cytotoxicity, oxidative stress (ROS, GSH), apoptosis (mitochondrial
membrane potential, caspase-3 activity, phosphatidylserine externalization, apoptotic DNA) along with lymphocyte phenotyping,
blastogenesis and cytokine secretion were assessed in thymic and splenic cell suspensions. Of the three herbals examined,
piperine displayed maximum efficacy. All the three doses of piperine (1, 10 and 50 μg/ml) increased cell viability in a dose
dependent manner, whereas curcumin and picroliv were also effective, but to a lesser degree. Only the two higher doses exhibited
cell viability efficacy. The median doses ie 10 μg/ml, were therefore selected, for comparison of their antioxidant, anti-apoptotic
and immune function modulation. Restoration of ROS and GSH was most prominent with piperine. The anti-apoptotic potential
was directly proportional to their antioxidant nature. In addition, Cd altered blastogenesis, T and B cell phenotypes and
cytokine release were also mitigated best with piperine. The ameliorative potential was in order of piperine > curcumin > picroliv
and former could be considered the drug of choice under immunocompromised conditions.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
109.
Various novel 5-(monosubstituted amino)-2-deoxo-2-phenyl-5-deazaflavins derivatives have been synthesized by direct coupling of 5-deazaflavins and N-alkyl or aryl amines. The antitumor activities against human tumor cell lines CCRF-HSB-2 and KB cells have been investigated in vitro and many compounds showed promising potential antitumor activities with less cytotoxicities. AutoDock molecular docking into PTK (PDB code: 1t46) has been done for lead optimization of these compounds as potential PTK inhibitors. Some of the synthesized 5-(monosubstituted amino)-2-deoxo-2-phenyl-5-deazaflavins at the 5-position exhibited reasonable binding affinities into PTK with the hydrogen bond through their C(5)-NH moiety. 相似文献
110.
We report the identification of a small family of secreted class III plant peroxidases (Prx) from the genome of the unicellular
thermoacidophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiaceae). Apart from two class I ascorbate peroxidases and one cytochrome c peroxidase, the red algal genome encodes
four class III plant peroxidases, thus complementing the short list of algal cell wall peroxidases (Passardi et al. in Genomics
89:567–579, 2007). We have characterized the family gene structure, analyzed the extracellular space and cell wall fraction of G. sulphuraria for the presence of peroxidase activity and used shotgun proteomics to identify candidate extracellular peroxidases. For
a detailed enzymatic characterization, we have purified a secreted peroxidase (GsPrx04) from the cell-free medium using hydrophobic
interaction chromatography. The enzyme proved heat and acid-stable and exhibited an apparent molecular mass of 40 kDa. Comparative
genomics between endolithically growing G. sulphuraria and a close relative, the obligatory aquatic, cell wall-less Cyanidioschyzon merolae, revealed that class III peroxidases only occur in the terrestrial microalga, thus supporting the key function of these enzymes
in the process of land colonization.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Nucleotide sequence database accession numbers: GsuAPX01 (EF589723), GsuAPX02 (EF589721), GsuCcP01 (EF589722), GsPrx01 (EF589724), GsPrx02 (EF589725), GsPrx03 (EF589726), and GsPrx04 (EF589727). The nomenclature of peroxidases
has been adapted to PeroxiBase (). 相似文献