Membrane Skeletal Proteins and Their Integral Membrane Protein Anchors are Targets for Tyrosine and Threonine Kinases in Euglena

ABSTRACT. Proteins of the membrane skeleton of Euglena gracilis were extensively phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro after incubation with [³²P]-orthophosphate or γ-[³²P] ATP. Endogenous protein threonine/serine activity phosphorylated the major membrane skeletal proteins (articulins) and the putative integral membrane protein (IP39) anchor for articulins. The latter was also the major target for endogenous protein tyrosine kinase activity. A cytoplasmic domain of IP39 was specifically phosphorylated, and removal of this domain with papain eliminated the radiolabeled phosphoamino acids and eliminated or radically shifted the PI of the multiple isoforms of IP39. In gel kinase assays IP39 autophosphorylated and a 25 kDa protein which does not autophosphorylate was identified as a threonine/serine (casein) kinase. Plasma membranes from the membrane skeletal protein complex contained threonine/serine (casein) kinase activity, and cross-linking experiments suggested that IP39 was the likely source for this membrane activity. pH optima, cation requirements and heparin sensitivity of the detergent solubilized membrane activity were determined. Together these results suggest that protein kinases may be important modulators of protein assembly and function of the membrane skeleton of these protistan cells.     

骨软骨复合支架的研究进展

软骨的修复是当前医学界十分棘手的难题,人们采取若干手段均收效甚微。由于软骨缺损时,其下的软骨下骨常出现硬化、退变,而新生软骨是无法与病变的软骨下骨进行整合的,所以在修复软骨的同时,必须重视软骨下骨的修复。近十几年来,人们开始发明和利用各种骨软骨复合支架,进行同时修复软骨与软骨下骨的动物实验研究。在正常骨软骨组织中,软骨与软骨下骨被钙化层所相连,此外钙化层也将软骨与软骨下骨分隔在不同的生存环境中。根据仿生学原理,人们又设计出一种带有隔离层的新型骨软骨复合支架,并取得了较为理想的实验结果。本文就国内外骨软骨复合支架的研完进展作一综述。     

“三生”空间视角下土地利用转型的生态环境效应及驱动力——以甘肃省为例

中国社会经济快速转型背景下土地利用变化所引发的环境问题被广泛关注。以土地利用现状遥感监测数据和统计资料为数据源,借助ArcGIS和SIMCA-P软件平台,基于"三生"空间视角,通过生态环境质量指数测度了1980—2018年甘肃省土地利用转型的生态环境效应,并运用偏最小二乘法揭示生态环境质量演变的驱动机制。研究发现:(1)"三生"空间结构演化和地域分异显著。生产、生活空间集中分布于河西走廊、陇中和陇东黄土高原并呈扩张态势;生态空间主要分布于陇南山地、甘南高原、祁连山地和河西走廊以北地带且整体呈缩减趋势;生产、生活空间的增长源于对生态空间的侵占。(2)生态环境质量改善和恶化趋势并存,整体上经历了先下降后上升的"U"形演化过程;空间上呈"东南高-西北低"的分布特征,空间格局演化具有明显的集聚性。(3)生态建设、科技进步等对生态环境改善具有明显的促进作用;而人口增加、社会消费水平提升在一定程度上加剧了生态环境压力;对外贸易对生态环境的影响具有双面性。     

A pilot study of the use of placental cord blood samples in monitoring for mutational events

A pilot study exploring the examination of placental cord blood samples for mutant proteins with one-dimensional electrophoretic techniques is described. Although technical advances are such that the techniques employed in this study are now partially superceded, the practical problems encountered in this study would be typical of any monitoring program of this type. No mutations altering electrophoretic mobility among a battery of 51 different locus products were encountered in a total of 277,747 locus tests. When these data are combined with similar data from other studies, the mutation rate for electromorphs becomes 0.34 X 10(-5)/locus/generation.     

Pleiotrophin Gene Therapy for Peripheral Ischemia: Evaluation of Full-Length and Truncated Gene Variants

Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a growth factor with both pro-angiogenic and limited pro-tumorigenic activity. We evaluated the potential for PTN to be used for safe angiogenic gene therapy using the full length gene and a truncated gene variant lacking the domain implicated in tumorigenesis. Mouse myoblasts were transduced to express full length or truncated PTN (PTN or T-PTN), along with a LacZ reporter gene, and injected into mouse limb muscle and myocardium. In cultured myoblasts, PTN was expressed and secreted via the Golgi apparatus, but T-PTN was not properly secreted. Nonetheless, no evidence of uncontrolled growth was observed in cells expressing either form of PTN. PTN gene delivery to myocardium, and non-ischemic skeletal muscle, did not result in a detectable change in vascularity or function. In ischemic hindlimb at 14 days post-implantation, intramuscular injection with PTN-expressing myoblasts led to a significant increase in skin perfusion and muscle arteriole density. We conclude that (1) delivery of the full length PTN gene to muscle can be accomplished without tumorigenesis, (2) the truncated PTN gene may be difficult to use in a gene therapy context due to inefficient secretion, (3) PTN gene delivery leads to functional benefit in the mouse acute ischemic hindlimb model.     

中国植被分类系统修订方案

为了推动《中国植被志》研编工作, 该文回顾了中国植被分类系统的发展过程和主要阶段性成果, 提出了作为《中国植被志》研编技术框架组成部分的中国植被分类系统修订方案, 对各植被型组及各植被型进行了简单定义和描述, 并针对中国植被分类系统若干问题, 特别就中国植被分类系统总体框架、混交林的界定以及土壤在植被分类中的重要性等问题进行了讨论。1960年侯学煜在《中国的植被》中首次提出了中国植被分类的原则和系统, 1980年出版的《中国植被》制定了分类等级和划分依据等更加完善的系统, 之后《中国植被及其地理格局——中华人民共和国1:1 000 000植被图说明书》和《中国植物区系与植被地理》以及很多省区的植被专著对该系统进行过修订。2017年宋永昌在《植被生态学》中提出了一个分类等级单位调整的方案。本次提出的中国植被分类系统修订方案基本沿用《中国植被》的植被分类原则、分类单位及系统, 采用“植物群落学-生态学”分类原则, 主要以植物群落特征及其与环境的关系作为分类依据, 包含三级主要分类单位, 即植被型(高级单位)、群系(中级单位)和群丛(低级单位); 在三个主要分类单位之上分别增加辅助单位植被型组、群系组和群丛组, 在植被型和群系之下主要根据群落的生态差异和实际需要可再增加植被亚型或亚群系。修订方案包含了森林、灌丛、草本植被(草地)、荒漠、高山冻原与稀疏植被、沼泽与水生植被(湿地)、农业植被、城市植被和无植被地段9个植被型组, 划分为48个植被型(含30个自然植被型、12个农业植被型、5个城市植被型和无植被地段)。自然植被中有23个植被型进一步划分出了81个植被亚型。     

VOCAL REPERTOIRE OF WILD BREEDING ORANGE-WINGED PARROTS AMAZONA AMAZONICA IN AMAZONIA

ABSTRACT

The vocal repertoire of Amazona amazonica during its breeding season has been recorded from wild individuals in Santa Bárbara do Pará, Pará State, Brazil. At individual nests, we continuously recorded vocalizations and behaviour for four hours in the early morning and three hours in the late afternoon, three times a week throughout the breeding season. We identified nine vocalizations that we classified in three behavioural categories: (1) Flight call—emitted when parrots arrive in the nest area; (2) Perched contact calls—two different vocalizations, one of them related to feeding, were emitted when the pair was perched in the nest area and interacted socially between themselves or with other individuals; (3) Aggressive calls—emitted when birds were in a dangerous situation, i.e. alarm (three types of calls), agonistic contact and distress calls (two types of call). The Orange-winged Parrot is a highly social species and the complexity of its social interactions is reflected in the diversity of its vocal repertoire.     

120 例初治、年轻、中高/ 高危弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤的临床分析

目的:探讨初治、年轻、中高/高危弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B cell lymphoma,DLBCL)的临床特征、治疗措施及预后影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月至2014年5月军事医学科学院附属医院淋巴瘤科收治的年龄≤60岁、年龄调整的国际预后指数(aa IPI)评分≥2分的初治DLBCL病例,进行疗效及预后相关因素的分析。结果:共收集到资料完整的DLBCL病例120例,中位随访28(4-106)个月,3年PFS率53.25%,OS率61.52%。单因素分析结果显示B症状、治疗方案及近期疗效、自体移植对无进展生存(PFS)及总体生存(OS)率的影响有统计学意义。多因素分析结果显示治疗方案、自体造血干细胞移植是影响PFS、OS率的独立影响因素。结论:年轻、中高/高危DLBCL具有高度异质性,病理细胞来源、Ki-67等在本组病例中未见显著预后意义,有待临床进一步探索。