Reparation en urgence differee des ruptures traumatiques de l’urethre posterieur

The management of posterior urethra injuries is still subject of controversies. Some authors recommend primary or deferated emergency repair operation, while some others wait for about three months and repair the urethral stenosis. The analysis of a series of fifteen cases shows that when patients are treated by deferated emergency operation, the results are usually good. However, when repair is performed later, results are less good, and the rate of sexual impotency is higher in this group. We conclude that deferated emergency repair operation is the best way to manage disrupted posterior urethra.     

EARLY STARVATION1 specifically affects the phosphorylation action of starch‐related dikinases

Starch phosphorylation by starch‐related dikinases glucan, water dikinase (GWD) and phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD) is a key step in starch degradation. Little information is known about the precise structure of the glucan substrate utilized by the dikinases and about the mechanisms by which these structures may be influenced. A 50‐kDa starch‐binding protein named EARLY STARVATION1 (ESV1) was analyzed regarding its impact on starch phosphorylation. In various in vitro assays, the influences of the recombinant protein ESV1 on the actions of GWD and PWD on the surfaces of native starch granules were analyzed. In addition, we included starches from various sources as well as truncated forms of GWD. ESV1 preferentially binds to highly ordered, α‐glucans, such as starch and crystalline maltodextrins. Furthermore, ESV1 specifically influences the action of GWD and PWD at the starch granule surface. Starch phosphorylation by GWD is decreased in the presence of ESV1, whereas the action of PWD increases in the presence of ESV1. The unique alterations observed in starch phosphorylation by the two dikinases are discussed in regard to altered glucan structures at the starch granule surface.     

Nutrient Leaching and End Product Accumulation in Plastic Composite Supports for L-(+)-Lactic Acid Biofilm Fermentation

Investigations on the leachate bioavailability, leaching rate, and lactic acid accumulation properties of plastic composite supports (PCS) were essential for large-scale or long-term lactic acid fermentation. Leachates from PCS and polypropylene discs (controls) were analyzed by the micro-Kjeldahl method; by absorbances at 260, 275, and 280 nm; and by bioassays with Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus (ATCC 11443). The amount of leached nitrogen in a 20-ml initial soaking solution had a high correlation with the soaking solution's cell density (r = 0.87) and absorbance at 260 nm (r = 0.95). Leaching rates of various PCS were evaluated by 20 20-ml simulated repeated-batch fermentations (RBF). PCS with only yeast extract as the minor agricultural ingredient had a high leaching rate and leached out 51 to 60% of the total nitrogen during the first RBF. PCS blended with dried bovine albumin, dried bovine erythrocytes, and/or soybean flour had slowed nutrient leaching (20 to 30% of the initial leached nitrogen). Hence, they could still maintain 1 g of lactic acid per liter and measurable cell density (absorbance at 620 nm, 0.4 to 0.6) at the 20th 20-ml RBF. Lactic acid accumulation properties of PCS were evaluated by soaking the supports in a 30% lactic acid solution for 72 h at 45(deg)C. The lactic acid-soaked supports were rinsed three times and then heat treated (121(deg)C, 15 min) in 15 ml of deionized water. The results showed that lactic acid accumulation in PCS was mainly due to absorption and had no correlation with lactic acid production or biofilm formation.     

Réparation juridique du préjudice sexuel dans les ruptures traumatiques de l'urètre

After traumatic posterior urethral rupture, sexual prejudice can be evaluated with some criteria among which results of intracavernous injections must be discussed. The check up of the medical expert must be methodic and meticulous because only direct prejudice is compensable.     

Characterization of Plant Alcohol Dehydrogenase

The final activity of the alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.1, abbreviated ADH) from germinating pea, isolated by fractionating with ammonium sulphate, chromatography on DEAE cellulose and gel filtration, was 80,000, from bean 25,000 and from lentil 13,500 units per mg protein. Molecular weights of the ADHs are close to each other: pea and bean ADH 60,000, lentil ADH 70,000. The K_m values are mutually similar with three enzymes, i.e. of the order of 10⁻⁴M for NAD and 10⁻²M for ethanol. The pH optima lie in the alkaline region. These enzymes catalyse oxidation of a number of monovalent alcohols. At temperatures above 60°C the enzymes are thermally unstable. Stability is enhanced slowly by ethanol but not by NAD. Pyrazol, imidazol and pyridine inhibit plant ADH similarly to the enzyme from horse liver. There is a similarity between plant alcohol dehydrogenases and animal and yeast enzymes.     

Nivalenol and 15‐acetyldeoxynivalenol Chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum Clade Species are Prevalent on Maize throughout China

Fusarium graminearum clade species are among the main causative agents of Gibberella ear rot (GER) in maize and responsible for the various trichothecene mycotoxins accumulated in contaminated maize grains. In this study, a total of 620 isolates from diseased maize ears collected from 59 districts in 19 provinces throughout China, previously identified morphologically as Fusarium graminearum clade, was genetically characterized at the species level based on SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) and for their potential capability of mycotoxin production using the genetic chemotyping assay. The results showed that 359 isolates were F. asiaticum (SCAR 5), which consisted of 97% nivalenol (NIV)‐chemotypes, 0.8% 3‐acetyldeoxynivalenol (3‐ADON)‐producing isolates and 2.2% 15‐acetyldeoxynivalenol (15‐ADON) producers, whereas the remaining 261 isolates were identified as F. graminearum sensu stricto (SCAR 1), all of which produced 15‐ADON mycotoxins. This high proportion of NIV producers present in F. asiaticum is different from the chemotype patterns in F. asiaticum populations isolated from wheat and barley, where DON and its acetylated chemotypes were the predominant mycotoxins. Moreover, the majority of NIV producers (59.1%) and all the 3‐ADON‐producing strains were derived from the warmer regions in southern China, whereas most of the 15‐ADON‐producing strains (78.4%) were isolated from the colder regions in northern China. Our study is the first report of NIV chemotypes of F. asiaticum and 15‐ADON chemotypes of F. graminearum sensu stricto that were associated with the GER of maize in China.