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81.
Heterodynamic processes in Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera): a mini review
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Nazia Suleman 《Entomological Science》2015,18(2):141-146
Among ladybirds, diapause has evidently been most studied in Coccinella septempunctata L. adults. Coccinella septempunctata (C‐7), the seven spot, has attracted attention both in Europe and the USA for being heterogeneous as to the induction of diapause. A polyphenic character of diapause is a prominent feature in C. septempunctata and this phenomenon generally and often generates voltinism heterogeneity within populations. A greater part of the C‐7 population shows an obligatory univoltine cycle, whereas a smaller proportion is facultatively polyvoltine. Coccinella s. bruckii in Japan is bivoltine, in which the first generation of adults aestivate while the second generation hibernates. This paper reviews this heterodynamic cycle and its importance in the life history of C‐7, as reported from different regions of the world. Heterogeneous voltinism and diapause smooth the progress of a portion of C‐7 populations to take benefit of aphids well into late summer and autumn. Understanding such variation and plasticity in the life history of this species can help in organizing proper biological control attempts using it as a biocontrol agent. 相似文献
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A comparison of pollinator fig wasp development in figs of Ficus montana and its hybrids with Ficus asperifolia
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Salah Ghana Nazia Suleman Stephen G. Compton 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2015,156(3):225-237
Figs (Moraceae) and pollinator fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) have a highly specific mutualistic relationship but fig wasps occasionally enter atypical hosts, and this can lead to hybrid fig trees and the potential for gene flow between species. Many fig trees are dioecious, with fig wasp offspring developing in galled ovules inside figs on male trees, whereas seeds develop only in figs on female trees. We generated experimental hybrids between the Asian Ficus montana Blume and a closely related African species Ficus asperifolia Miquel. Male F1s were sterile if entered by Kradibia tentacularis (Grandi) (Agaonidae), the pollinator of F. montana, because its offspring always failed to develop, without ovule enlargement. As with the F1s, figs on most male backcross plants [F. montana × (F. montana × F. asperifolia)] also aborted shortly after pollinator entry, resulting in a higher turnover of figs than with F. montana, although the times taken for the figs to reach receptivity were similar. Pollinator larvae nonetheless consistently managed to develop inside the figs of one backcross plant and also occasionally in a few figs from another backcross individual. In these figs, galled ovules developed as normal, whereas in figs that aborted the galled ovules failed to enlarge. The sex ratio of K. tentacularis progeny in the backcross figs was female biased and did not differ from that in F. montana figs. Sycoscapter spec. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a parasitoid of K. tentacularis, was able to lay eggs and developed normally inside male backcross figs where its host was present. 相似文献
83.
Hepatitis C is one of the common types of chronic liver disease, and its plausible association with trace metal imbalance
has been investigated in the present study. The blood samples of hepatitis C patients and healthy donors were analysed for
trace metals (Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, and Zn) by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry after wet
acid digestion. In the blood of the hepatitis patients, mean concentrations of essential metals, Na, K, Fe, Ca, Mg, and Zn,
were 918.7, 361.0, 102.5, 20.00, 24.66, and 9.429 ppm, respectively, while the mean metal levels in the blood of healthy donors
were 1509, 406.8, 232.5, 28.35, 24.59, and 8.799 ppm, respectively. On the average, Cr was significantly higher, while Na,
Fe, Ca, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Cd were comparatively lower in the blood of the patients. The correlation study manifested significantly
divergent mutual relationships of trace metals in the blood of the patients and healthy donors. Multivariate statistical methods
revealed considerably diverse distribution of trace metals in the two groups. Dissimilarity in the trace metal distribution
was also noted with the gender and residential location of the donors in both groups. 相似文献
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Male insects rarely collaborate with each other, but pollinator fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) are said to be an exception. Immature fig wasps feed on galled ovules located inside figs, the inflorescences of Ficus species (Moraceae). After mating, adult pollinator males chew communal exit-holes that allow mated females (which are often also their siblings) to escape. Figs also support non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFWs), some of which produce exit-holes independently. We determined whether collaboration between pollinator males (Kradibia tentacularis from Ficus montana) was necessary for the release of their females, and used the relationship between male numbers and likelihood of success to measure the extent of cooperation during exit-hole production. These attributes were then compared with those of an NPFW (Sycoscapter sp.) from the same host plant. Pollinators were more abundant than NPFW, but their more female-biased sex ratio meant male pollinator densities were only slightly higher. Individual males of both species could produce an exit-hole. Single males of the NPFW were just as successful as single male pollinators, but only male pollinators cooperated effectively, becoming more successful as their numbers increased. The lack of cooperation among NPFW may be linked to their earlier period of intense inter-male aggression. 相似文献
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Suzuki M Kabir SR Siddique MS Nazia US Miyazaki T Kodama T 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2004,322(1):340-346
Microwave dielectric spectroscopy can measure the rotational mobility of water molecules that hydrate proteins and the hydration-shell volume. Using this technique, we have recently shown that apart from typical hydrating water molecules with lowered mobility there are other water molecules around the actin filaments (F-actin) which have a much higher mobility than that of bulk water [Biophys. J. 85 (2003) 3154]. We report here that the volume of this water component (hyper-mobile water) markedly increases without significant change of the volume of the ordinary hydration shell when the myosin motor-domain (S1, myosin subfragment-1) binds to F-actin. No hyper-mobile component was found in the hydration shell of S1 itself. The present results strongly suggest that the solvent space around S1 bound to F-actin is diffusionally asymmetric, which supports our model of force generation by actomyosin proposed previously [op. cit.]. 相似文献
89.
Thompson CF Quraishi N Ali A Tata JR Hammond ML Balkovec JM Einstein M Ge L Harris G Kelly TM Mazur P Pandit S Santoro J Sitlani A Wang C Williamson J Miller DK Yamin TT Thompson CM O'Neill EA Zaller D Forrest MJ Carballo-Jane E Luell S 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2005,15(8):2163-2167
A series of novel ligands for the glucocorticoid receptor containing two heterocycles were synthesized. These compounds were investigated for a dissociative profile using transrepression and transactivation assays. Several compounds were tested in vivo and showed the ability to reduce inflammation in a mouse. 相似文献
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