淹水胁迫下江南牡丹生长及光合特性研究

以3年生江南牡丹品种‘凤丹白’为材料,利用盆栽淹水法,设置正常管理、轻度胁迫和重度胁迫3个水平,研究不同淹水胁迫水平对牡丹生长和光合特性的影响。结果表明：经过30 d胁迫后,正常管理、轻度胁迫和重度胁迫下的江南牡丹苗高生长量分别为3.6、1.1和0.73 cm,地径生长量分别为0.21、0.11和0.06 cm,植株总生物量增加量分别为7.0、3.0和2.75 g,淹水胁迫和正常生长差异显著,淹水胁迫严重影响了江南牡丹的生长。同时,在正常管理时,牡丹总叶绿素含量升高,而在淹水胁迫下呈下降趋势。淹水胁迫不同时间根系活力均呈下降趋势且随着胁迫程度的增加下降越大。正常管理下光合速率逐渐增加而胁迫条件下光合速率逐渐降低。同时胁迫条件下,牡丹蒸腾速率、气孔导度均明显下降;轻度淹水胁迫下胞间CO2浓度先升高后降低;而重度胁迫下胞间CO2浓度呈现逐渐升高的变化趋势。淹水胁迫对牡丹根系活力、茎段生长和叶片光合特性影响较大。该研究结果为江南牡丹耐涝胁迫机理研究奠定了理论基础。     

2018年感染病领域十大进展

2018年已缤纷落幕,2019年带着对未来的期许纷至沓来。回顾过去,展望未来,本文整理了2018年世界乃至中国感染病界的几项重大事件与进展,并进一步梳理了该领域的发展趋势。     

子痫前期患者血清APN、TNF-α、Apelin水平的表达及相关性研究

目的:探讨子痫前期患者血清脂联素(APN)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、Apelin水平的表达及相关性。方法:选取2015年10月到2017年8月在辽河油田总医院妇产科就诊的子痫前期患者86例,根据患者的病情严重程度将其分为轻度子痫前期组(46例)和重度子痫前期组(40例),另选取同期在我院进行产检的健康孕妇40例作为对照组,比较三组受试者血清中APN、TNF-α、Apelin、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和总胆固醇(TC)水平,并分析子痫前期患者血清中APN、TNF-α、Apelin、LDL-C、TG、HDL-C、TC的相关性。结果:重度子痫前期组血清中APN水平低于轻度子痫前期组和对照组,TNF-α、Apelin水平高于轻度子痫前期组和对照组(P0.05);轻度子痫前期组血清中APN水平低于对照组,TNF-α、Apelin水平高于对照组(P0.05)。重度子痫前期组血清中LDL-C、TG、TC水平高于轻度子痫前期组和对照组,HDL-C水平低于轻度子痫前期组和对照组(P0.05);轻度子痫前期组LDL-C、TC水平高于对照组,HDL-C水平低于对照组(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,子痫前期患者血清中APN与TNF-α、Apelin、LDL-C、TG呈负相关,与HDL-C呈正相关(P0.05);TNF-α与Apelin、LDL-C、TG、TC呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关(P0.05);Apelin与LDL-C、TG、TC呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:子痫前期患者血清中APN水平明显下降,TNF-α、Apelin明显升高,三种指标可相互影响,且均可影响机体的脂质代谢水平,共同调节子痫前期患者的疾病进展。     

七姊妹山常绿落叶阔叶混交林物种多样性格局及其环境解释

依托七姊妹山自然保护区6 hm²森林动态监测样地研究平台,基于样地和物种基本信息数据,采用多元回归树和冗余分析研究方法,探讨地形因子对生境的塑造作用及物种分布特征,分析不同群丛类型下物种多样性的变化规律。结果表明：(1)依据“1 SE”规则,4次分割依次以海拔(1 453 m)、坡度(23.13°)、海拔(1 398 m)、凹凸度(4.094)为分界点可将150个样地分为5个群丛。(2)冗余分析表明地形因子对物种分布解释量为0.077 6,解释率为16.36%,各环境因子对物种分布的解释力度依次为：海拔>坡度>凹凸度;坡向与物种的分布无显著相关性。(3)5个群丛中立木密度与胸高截面积最高的均为群丛5(527.4株/400 m²;3.495 cm²/株),立木密度与平均胸高截面积最低为群丛4(225.4株/400 m²;3.057 cm²/株)。(4)5个群丛中Shannon Winener丰富度指数与Simpson优势度指数最高的均为群丛2,最低的为群丛5,物种多样性尺度效应明显;Pielou均匀度指数最高为群丛4,最低为群丛5。(5)两两群丛间Jaccard相似性系数最低为群丛1 群丛2(0.331),最高的为群丛4 群丛5(0.645),海拔对β多样性格局影响较大。研究认为,七姊妹山自然保护区6 hm²样地地形因子对该区域生境的塑造具有一定作用,海拔、坡度、凹凸度组成的“环境筛”影响了该区域的物种分布及多样性格局。     

嗜热链球菌胞外多糖EPS333对酸乳品质的影响

本研究以酸乳为基质,通过测试酸乳酸化速率曲线、脱水收缩敏感性、持水力、水分迁移、质构及流变特性等参数,研究了嗜热链球菌胞外多糖与市场常规应用多糖对酸乳品质的影响。研究结果表明:嗜热链球菌胞外多糖EPS333在酸乳凝胶过程中较其他几种多糖能明显减缓酸化趋势,后熟及储藏阶段减少"自由水"含量,降低流动性,改善其流变特性。     

New Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Rovno Amber

Paleontological Journal - A new genus Rovnoslonik Legalov, Nazarenko and Perkovsky gen. nov. (type species Rovnoslonik damzeni Legalov, Nazarenko and Perkovsky sp. nov.; tribe Stromboscerini,...     

Protein immunoblot and immunodot in biochemical studies

General notions on the protein immunoblot and immunodot are reported. Possibilities of their wide application in biochemical studies are discussed. The employed materials, the most important operations when performing different variants and modifications of these methods as well as resolution and advisability of their application are comprehensively analyzed.     

Characteristics of phenotypic expression of autosomal monosomies during pathological postimplantation human development

Autosomal monosomies represent a severe form of genomic disbalance which determines elimination of human embryos already at the preimplantation stages. As a rule, they occur very rarely in the materials of spontaneously aborted embryos and fetuses. Molecular-cytogenetic studies were carried out on the karyotype of cells of 60 spontaneous abortuses of I trimester of pregnancy with cell degeneration or absence of cell proliferation in the cultures, as a result of which the cells could not be studied using the standard metaphase analysis. The embryos were characterized by an unexpectedly high frequency of mosaic variants of monosomies for chromosomes 7, 15, 21, and 22, which amounted to 19% of all chromosome aberrations. Lethal forms of monosomies for human chromosomes 7 and 15 were described for the first time, since they are not found in spontaneous abortuses by standard cytogenetic methods. A hypothesis was proposed which accounts for the possibility of early postimplantation lethality of the embryos with mosaic forms of autosomal monosomies. The differences were found between the cells with monosomies for different autosomes in the mechanisms of origin, intertissue localization, and phenotypic effects. It was shown that monosomies for chromosomes 7, 15, 21, and 22 in a mosaic state with the normal cell line can be compatible with the early stages of postimplantation differentiation of the cytotrophoblast. Predominant compartmentalization of the cells with monosomies for chromosomes 21 and 22 in the extraembryonic mesoderm, a derivative of epiblast, can be a critical factor, which makes it impossible the normal morphogenesis of embryonic structures.     

Maternal Cell Contamination of Cultures of Spontaneous Abortion Fibroblasts: Importance for Cytogenetic Analysis of Embryonic Lethality

The results of standard cytogenetic analysis of the long-term cultures of embryonic fibroblasts of 478 first-trimester spontaneous abortions were retrospectively reviewed. In 16% of embryos with cytogenetically confirmed karyotype 46,XX, the Y chromosome was found by molecular genetic methods. Prior to obtaining the chromosome preparations, the cell cultures of Y chromosome-carrying embryos were maintained for a longer period than the cultures of embryos without the Y chromosome. Thus, a late entry of a culture into the log-growth phase serves as marker of maternal cell contamination. We developed a mathematical model for assessment of karyotype incidence and the sex ratio of spontaneous abortions, taking into account risk of maternal cell contamination in extraembryonic tissue cultures. Thus estimated, the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in the studied sample increased from 54.6 to 60.3% and the expected sex ratio increased from 0.66 to 1.02 in abortions with normal karyotype. Using molecular analysis of inheritance of polymorphic DNA markers of six autosomes (2, 11, 16, 19, 20, and 21), the proposed model was tested on 60 embryos with karyotype 46,XX and their parents. Numerical chromosome abnormalities were revealed in uncultured tissues of seven abortions (11.7%), including four without the Y chromosome, which is in a good agreement with the expected incidence of karyotype abnormalities (8.3%) predicted by our model. In view of this, estimating risk of maternal cell contamination in embryonic cell cultures seems necessary for correctly assessing the effect of natural selection in humans, for understanding the mechanisms that determine the sex ratio, and for evaluating the accuracy of prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities.     

Laureates of the Palladin Premium of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine

The article presents a short information about the Resolution of Ukr.SSR Soviet of Ministers on establishing the nominal premium of Presidium the Academy of Sciences of Ukr.SSR (of NAS of Ukraine, now) in the field of biochemistry and molecular biology dedicated to the famous scientists, founder of the Ukrainian biochemical school and the Institute of Biochemistry named after him--academician O. V. Palladin. There is a chronologically sequential list presenting all Laureates (with photo pictures) awarded by this honourable bonus with displaying their scientific works for which they received this reward.