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101.
Joseph Laureanti Juan Brandi Elvis Offor David Engel Robert Rallo Bojana Ginovska Xavier Martinez Marc Baaden Nathan A. Baker 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2020,29(1):237-246
Virtual reality is a powerful tool with the ability to immerse a user within a completely external environment. This immersion is particularly useful when visualizing and analyzing interactions between small organic molecules, molecular inorganic complexes, and biomolecular systems such as redox proteins and enzymes. A common tool used in the biomedical community to analyze such interactions is the Adaptive Poisson‐Boltzmann Solver (APBS) software, which was developed to solve the equations of continuum electrostatics for large biomolecular assemblages. Numerous applications exist for using APBS in the biomedical community including analysis of protein ligand interactions and APBS has enjoyed widespread adoption throughout the biomedical community. Currently, typical use of the full APBS toolset is completed via the command line followed by visualization using a variety of two‐dimensional external molecular visualization software. This process has inherent limitations: visualization of three‐dimensional objects using a two‐dimensional interface masks important information within the depth component. Herein, we have developed a single application, UnityMol‐APBS, that provides a dual experience where users can utilize the full range of the APBS toolset, without the use of a command line interface, by use of a simple graphical user interface (GUI) for either a standard desktop or immersive virtual reality experience. 相似文献
102.
Jesse J. Hennekam Roger B. J. Benson Victoria L. Herridge Nathan Jeffery Enric Torres-Roig Josep Antoni Alcover Philip G. Cox 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2020,287(1938)
Insular gigantism—evolutionary increases in body size from small-bodied mainland ancestors—is a conceptually significant, but poorly studied, evolutionary phenomenon. Gigantism is widespread on Mediterranean islands, particularly among fossil and extant dormice. These include an extant giant population of Eliomys quercinus on Formentera, the giant Balearic genus †Hypnomys and the exceptionally large †Leithia melitensis of Pleistocene Sicily. We quantified patterns of cranial and mandibular shape and their relationships to head size (allometry) among mainland and insular dormouse populations, asking to what extent the morphology of island giants is explained by allometry. We find that gigantism in dormice is not simply an extrapolation of the allometric trajectory of their mainland relatives. Instead, a large portion of their distinctive cranial and mandibular morphology resulted from the population- or species-specific evolutionary shape changes. Our findings suggest that body size increases in insular giant dormice were accompanied by the evolutionary divergence of feeding adaptations. This complements other evidence of ecological divergence in these taxa, which span predominantly faunivorous to herbivorous diets. Our findings suggest that insular gigantism involves context-dependent phenotypic modifications, underscoring the highly distinctive nature of island faunas. 相似文献
103.
Mark McCauley Donovan P. German Nathan K. Lujan Colin R. Jackson 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(14):7117-7128
Neotropical wood‐eating catfishes (family Loricariidae) can occur in diverse assemblages with multiple genera and species feeding on the same woody detritus. As such, they present an intriguing system in which to examine the influence of host species identity on the vertebrate gut microbiome as well as to determine the potential role of gut bacteria in wood digestion. We characterized the gut microbiome of two co‐occurring catfish genera and four species: Panaqolus albomaculatus, Panaqolus gnomus, Panaqolus nocturnus, and Panaque bathyphilus, as well as that of submerged wood on which they feed. The gut bacterial community did not significantly vary across three gut regions (proximal, mid, distal) for any catfish species, although interspecific variation in the gut microbiome was significant, with magnitude of interspecific difference generally reflecting host phylogenetic proximity. Further, the gut microbiome of each species was significantly different to that present on the submerged wood. Inferring the genomic potential of the gut microbiome revealed that the majority of wood digesting pathways were at best equivalent to and more often depleted or nonexistent within the catfish gut compared to the submerged wood, suggesting a minimal role for the gut microbiome in wood digestion. Rather, these fishes are more likely reliant on fiber degradation performed by microbes in the environment, with their gut microbiome determined more by host identity and phylogenetic history. 相似文献
104.
Jennifer L. Chandler Timothy R. Van Deelen Nathan P. Nibbelink John L. Orrock 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(14):7145-7156
Because most tree species recruit from seeds, seed predation by small‐mammal granivores may be important for determining plant distribution and regeneration in forests. Despite the importance of seed predation, large‐scale patterns of small‐mammal granivory are often highly variable and thus difficult to predict. We hypothesize distributions of apex predators can create large‐scale variation in the distribution and abundance of mesopredators that consume small mammals, creating predictable areas of high and low granivory. For example, because gray wolf (Canis lupus) territories are characterized by relatively less use by coyotes (C. latrans) and greater use by foxes (Vulpes vulpes, Urocyon cinereoargentus) that consume a greater proportion of small mammals, wolf territories may be areas of reduced small‐mammal granivory. Using large‐scale, multiyear field trials at 22 sites with high‐ and low‐wolf occupancy in northern Wisconsin, we evaluated whether removal of seeds of four tree species was lower in wolf territories. Consistent with the hypothesized consequences of wolf occupancy, seed removal of three species was more than 25% lower in high‐wolf‐occupancy areas across 2 years and small‐mammal abundance was more than 40% lower in high‐wolf areas during one of two study years. These significant results, in conjunction with evidence of seed consumption in situ and the absence of significant habitat differences between high‐ and low‐wolf areas, suggest that top‐down effects of wolves on small‐mammal granivory and seed survival may occur. Understanding how interactions among carnivores create spatial patterns in interactions among lower trophic levels may allow for more accurate predictions of large‐scale patterns in seed survival and forest composition. 相似文献
105.
Andriambeloson Jean-Basile Blanco Marina B. Andriantsalohimisantatra Ando Rivoharison Tahiry V. Walker Nathan Birkinshaw Chris Yoder Anne D. 《Primates; journal of primatology》2021,62(6):887-896
Primates - Habitat fragmentation is one of the major types of anthropogenic change, though fragmented landscapes predate human intervention. At present, the Central Highlands of Madagascar are... 相似文献
106.
Daniel Cortez Kari Erickson Gurumurthy Hiremath Nathan Rodgers Brenda Dugas Elizabeth Braunlin Rebecca Ameduri Jamie L. Lohr 《Indian pacing and electrophysiology journal》2021,21(1):25-28
IntroductionPediatric patients with cardiomyopathies are at risk for sudden death and may need implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD’s), but given their small size and duration of use, children are at increased risk for complications associated with ICD use. The subcutaneous ICD presents a favorable option for children without pacing indications. Unfortunately, initial pediatric studies have demonstrated a high complication rate, likely due to the 3-incision technique employed.Material and methodsPatients with ICD but no pacing indication were retrospectively reviewed after implantation of subcutaneous ICD via the two-incision technique. In half of the patients, 10-J impedance test was also performed to compare with impedance obtained after defibrillation threshold testing with 65-J.ResultsTwelve patients were included. The median age was 14 years (range 10–16 years) with eight males included (72.7%). The median weight was 55 kg (range 29 kg–75.1 kg). Follow-up had a median of 11.5 months (range 2–27 months). The median body mass index was 18.4 kg/m squared (range 15.5–27.9 kg/m squared). One patient suffered a minor complication after tearing off the incisional adhesive strips early and required a non-invasive repair in clinic. Shock impedance had a median of 55 J (range 48–68 J). There was one appropriate shock/charge and no inappropriate shocks during follow-up.ConclusionThe two-incision, intermuscular technique appears to have a lower acute complication rate than prior reports, in our cohort of 12 pediatric patients. 相似文献
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