全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4774篇 |
免费 | 331篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 38篇 |
2022年 | 75篇 |
2021年 | 156篇 |
2020年 | 87篇 |
2019年 | 114篇 |
2018年 | 168篇 |
2017年 | 116篇 |
2016年 | 188篇 |
2015年 | 269篇 |
2014年 | 288篇 |
2013年 | 347篇 |
2012年 | 435篇 |
2011年 | 466篇 |
2010年 | 287篇 |
2009年 | 233篇 |
2008年 | 262篇 |
2007年 | 332篇 |
2006年 | 255篇 |
2005年 | 232篇 |
2004年 | 220篇 |
2003年 | 186篇 |
2002年 | 152篇 |
2001年 | 34篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 14篇 |
1998年 | 28篇 |
1997年 | 19篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有5110条查询结果,搜索用时 296 毫秒
991.
Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections
Natalia Mu?oz-Wolf Analía Rial José M. Saavedra José A. Chabalgoity 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2014,(90)
Sublingual route has been widely used to deliver small molecules into the bloodstream and to modulate the immune response at different sites. It has been shown to effectively induce humoral and cellular responses at systemic and mucosal sites, namely the lungs and urogenital tract. Sublingual vaccination can promote protection against infections at the lower and upper respiratory tract; it can also promote tolerance to allergens and ameliorate asthma symptoms. Modulation of lung’s immune response by sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is safer than direct administration of formulations by intranasal route because it does not require delivery of potentially harmful molecules directly into the airways. In contrast to intranasal delivery, side effects involving brain toxicity or facial paralysis are not promoted by SLIT. The immune mechanisms underlying SLIT remain elusive and its use for the treatment of acute lung infections has not yet been explored. Thus, development of appropriate animal models of SLIT is needed to further explore its potential advantages. This work shows how to perform sublingual administration of therapeutic agents in mice to evaluate their ability to protect against acute pneumococcal pneumonia. Technical aspects of mouse handling during sublingual inoculation, precise identification of sublingual mucosa, draining lymph nodes and isolation of tissues, bronchoalveolar lavage and lungs are illustrated. Protocols for single cell suspension preparation for FACS analysis are described in detail. Other downstream applications for the analysis of the immune response are discussed. Technical aspects of the preparation of Streptococcus pneumoniae inoculum and intranasal challenge of mice are also explained.SLIT is a simple technique that allows screening of candidate molecules to modulate lungs’ immune response. Parameters affecting the success of SLIT are related to molecular size, susceptibility to degradation and stability of highly concentrated formulations. 相似文献
992.
Wayne Reeve Julie Ardley Rui Tian Sofie De Meyer Jason Terpolilli Vanessa Melino Ravi Tiwari Ronald Yates Graham O’Hara John Howieson Mohamed Ninawi Xiaojing Zhang David Bruce Chris Detter Roxanne Tapia Cliff Han Chia-Lin Wei Marcel Huntemann James Han I-Min Chen Konstantinos Mavromatis Victor Markowitz Ernest Szeto Natalia Ivanova Ioanna Pagani Amrita Pati Lynne Goodwin Tanja Woyke Nikos Kyrpides 《Standards in genomic sciences》2014,9(3):540-550
Microvirga lotononidis is a recently described species of root-nodule bacteria that is an effective nitrogen- (N2) fixing microsymbiont of the symbiotically specific African legume Listia angolensis (Welw. ex Bak.) B.-E. van Wyk & Boatwr. M. lotononidis possesses several properties that are unusual in root-nodule bacteria, including pigmentation and the ability to grow at temperatures of up to 45°C. Strain WSM3557T is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod isolated from a L. angolensis root nodule collected in Chipata, Zambia in 1963. This is the first report of a complete genome sequence for the genus Microvirga. Here we describe the features of Microvirga lotononidis strain WSM3557T, together with genome sequence information and annotation. The 7,082,538 high-quality-draft genome is arranged in 18 scaffolds of 104 contigs, contains 6,956 protein-coding genes and 84 RNA-only encoding genes, and is one of 20 rhizobial genomes sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Community Sequencing Program. 相似文献
993.
Robert Walker Elizabeth Watkin Rui Tian Lambert Br?u Graham O’Hara Lynne Goodwin James Han Elizabeth Lobos Marcel Huntemann Amrita Pati Tanja Woyke Konstantinos Mavromatis Victor Markowitz Natalia Ivanova Nikos Kyrpides Wayne Reeve 《Standards in genomic sciences》2014,9(3):551-561
Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2230 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming acid-tolerant rod isolated from acidic soil collected in 2001 from Karijini National Park, Western Australia, using Kennedia coccinea (Coral Vine) as a host. WSM2230 was initially effective in nitrogen-fixation with K. coccinea, but subsequently lost symbiotic competence. Here we describe the features of Burkholderia sp. strain WSM2230, together with genome sequence information and its annotation. The 6,309,801 bp high-quality-draft genome is arranged into 33 scaffolds of 33 contigs containing 5,590 protein-coding genes and 63 RNA-only encoding genes. The genome sequence of WSM2230 failed to identify nodulation genes and provides an explanation for the observed failure of the laboratory grown strain to nodulate. The genome of this strain is one of 100 sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Genomic Encyclopedia for Bacteria and Archaea-Root Nodule Bacteria (GEBA-RNB) project. 相似文献
994.
Wayne Reeve Ross Ballard John Howieson Elizabeth Drew Rui Tian Lambert Br?u Christine Munk Karen Davenport Patrick Chain Lynne Goodwin Ioanna Pagani Marcel Huntemann Konstantinos Mavrommatis Amrita Pati Victor Markowitz Natalia Ivanova Tanja Woyke Nikos Kyrpides 《Standards in genomic sciences》2014,9(3):514-526
Ensifer medicae strain WSM1115 forms effective nitrogen fixing symbioses with a range of annual Medicago species and is used in commercial inoculants in Australia. WSM1115 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod. It was isolated from a nodule recovered from the root of burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) collected on the Greek Island of Samothraki. WSM1115 has a broad host range for nodulation and N2 fixation capacity within the genus Medicago, although this does not extend to all medic species. WSM1115 is considered saprophytically competent in moderately acid soils (pH(CaCl2) 5.0), but it has failed to persist at field sites where soil salinity exceeded 10 ECe (dS/m). Here we describe the features of E. medicae strain WSM1115, together with genome sequence information and its annotation. The 6,861,065 bp high-quality-draft genome is arranged into 7 scaffolds of 28 contigs, contains 6,789 protein-coding genes and 83 RNA-only encoding genes, and is one of 100 rhizobial genomes sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Genomic Encyclopedia for Bacteria and Archaea-Root Nodule Bacteria (GEBA-RNB) project. 相似文献
995.
Natalia B. ANANJEVA ;Evgeny A. GOLYNSKY ;Seyyed Saeed HOSSEINIANYOUSEFKHANI ;and Rafaqat MASROOR 《亚洲两栖爬行动物研究(英文版)》2014,(3):161-167
Predictive potential distribution modeling is of increasing importance in modern herpetological studies and determination of environmental and conservation priorities. In this article we provided results of analysis and forecasts of the potential distribution of smallscaled rock agama Paralaudakia microlepis (Blanford, 1874) using the distribution models through Maxent (www.cs.princeton.edu/- schapire / maxent). We made an attempt for comparison of input of bioclimatic factors and characteristics of biotope distribution for three species of genus Paralaudalda. Constructed model identified dissemination of Paralaudakia microlepis enough performance (AUC = 0.972 with dispersion 0.003). According to the map constructed, the most suitable habitats of smallscaled rock agama Paralaudakia microlepis are located in southern and eastern Iran, the west of central Pakistan and southeastern Afghanistan. 相似文献
996.
Micha Turek Katarzyna Banasiak Magorzata Piechota Nilesh Shanmugam Matylda Macias Magorzata Alicja
liwiska Marta Niklewicz Konrad Kowalski Natalia Nowak Agnieszka Chacinska Wojciech Pokrzywa 《EMBO reports》2021,22(8)
Caenorhabditis elegans body wall muscles release vesicles called exophers that transport muscle‐synthesized yolk proteins to nourish the next generation. 相似文献
997.
Rocío Joo Andrea Snchez-Tapia Sara Mortara Yanina Bellini Saibene Heather Turner Dorothea Hug Peter Natalia Soledad Morandeira Matt Bannert Batool Almazrouq Elizabeth Hare Laura Acin Juan Pablo Narvez-Gmez Marcela Alfaro Crdoba Federico Marini Rita Giordano Silvia Caneln Anicet Ebou Adithi R. Upadhya Joselyn Chvez Janani Ravi 《PLoS computational biology》2022,18(7)
Conferences are spaces to meet and network within and across academic and technical fields, learn about new advances, and share our work. They can help define career paths and create long-lasting collaborations and opportunities. However, these opportunities are not equal for all. This article introduces 10 simple rules to host an inclusive conference based on the authors’ recent experience organizing the 2021 edition of the useR! statistical computing conference, which attracted a broad range of participants from academia, industry, government, and the nonprofit sector. Coming from different backgrounds, career stages, and even continents, we embraced the challenge of organizing a high-quality virtual conference in the context of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and making it a kind, inclusive, and accessible experience for as many people as possible. The rules result from our lessons learned before, during, and after the organization of the conference. They have been written mainly for potential organizers and selection committees of conferences and contain multiple practical tips to help a variety of events become more accessible and inclusive. We see this as a starting point for conversations and efforts towards building more inclusive conferences across the world. * Translated versions of the English abstract and the list of rules are available in 10 languages in S1 Text: Arabic, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, Tamil, and Thai. 相似文献
998.
999.
Loren P. Albert Natalia Restrepo‐Coupe Marielle N. Smith Jin Wu Cecilia Chavana‐Bryant Neill Prohaska Tyeen C. Taylor Giordane A. Martins Philippe Ciais Jiafu Mao M. Altaf Arain Wei Li Xiaoying Shi Daniel M. Ricciuto Travis E. Huxman Sean M. McMahon Scott R. Saleska 《Global Change Biology》2019,25(11):3591-3608
Plant phenology—the timing of cyclic or recurrent biological events in plants—offers insight into the ecology, evolution, and seasonality of plant‐mediated ecosystem processes. Traditionally studied phenologies are readily apparent, such as flowering events, germination timing, and season‐initiating budbreak. However, a broad range of phenologies that are fundamental to the ecology and evolution of plants, and to global biogeochemical cycles and climate change predictions, have been neglected because they are “cryptic”—that is, hidden from view (e.g., root production) or difficult to distinguish and interpret based on common measurements at typical scales of examination (e.g., leaf turnover in evergreen forests). We illustrate how capturing cryptic phenology can advance scientific understanding with two case studies: wood phenology in a deciduous forest of the northeastern USA and leaf phenology in tropical evergreen forests of Amazonia. Drawing on these case studies and other literature, we argue that conceptualizing and characterizing cryptic plant phenology is needed for understanding and accurate prediction at many scales from organisms to ecosystems. We recommend avenues of empirical and modeling research to accelerate discovery of cryptic phenological patterns, to understand their causes and consequences, and to represent these processes in terrestrial biosphere models. 相似文献
1000.
Natalia Mroczek-Sosnowska Monika Łukasiewicz Dobrochna Adamek Maciej Kamaszewski Jan Niemiec Agnieszka Wnuk-Gnich 《Archives of animal nutrition》2017,71(4):327-332
The objective of this study was to evaluate bone resistance after in ovo administration of copper nanoparticles (NanoCu) and to determine the number of cells positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the femoral bones of broiler chickens (n = 12 per group). The study demonstrated that femoral bones from the NanoCu group were characterised by a higher weight and volume and by significantly greater resistance to fractures compared to the Control group. NanoCu promoted the proliferation of PCNA-positive cells in the long bones of chickens. A significantly higher number of PCNA-positive cells in the bones of birds in the NanoCu group compared with the Control group (137 and 122, respectively) indicate a stimulatory effect during embryogenesis. Considering the improvement in bone resistance to fractures and the effect of NanoCu on the number of PCNA-positive cells in femoral bones, NanoCu may be an alternative agent to minimise the ever-present problem of weak bones in broiler chickens. 相似文献