SARS-CoV-2 spike L452R variant evades cellular immunity and increases infectivity

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Analysis of mechanical parameters on the thromboembolism using a patient-specific computational model

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and long-term disabilities worldwide. In this paper, we aim to represent a comprehensive simulation of the motion of emboli through cerebrovascular network within patient-specific computational model. The model consists of major arteries of the circle of Willis reconstructed from magnetic resonance angiography images, pulsatile flow and emboli with different sizes and material properties. Here, the fluid–structure interactions method was used to simulate the motion of deformable and rigid emboli through cerebral arteries. Hemodynamic changes in the circle of Willis due to the entrance of embolus are observed. The effect of material properties on the distribution ratio and dynamics of motion of the emboli in the cerebral arterial network is also analyzed. Our results reveal that as the rigidity of emboli increases, higher proportion of them tend to enter to the larger arteries (e.g., middle cerebral artery). Scrutinizing the amount of stress acting on the emboli represented in this paper can broaden our understanding of the rheological phenomenon (e.g., lysis or growth of emboli during embolism). The approach of considering different material properties of the thrombus in a patient-specific computational model not only enable us to better understand the roll of biomechanical parameters causing the embolism, but also lead to a better clinical decision making to manage patients with stroke.     

Kroemmelbeinia n. g., eine neue Ostracoden-Gattung aus dem marinen oberpliozän der Insel Kos (Griechenland)

Among the cytherine ostracodes possessing caudal process a new genusKroemmelbeinia is defined by its hinge-element. In its habitus, and its structure particularly the punctate surface and the inner lamella the new genusKroemmelbeinia resembles the genusMicrocytherura G. W. Müller, but which possesses smaller valves. The characteristic hinge-elementsof Kroemmelbeinia are: both terminal teeth in the left valve crenulate, interior with 5–6 terminal teeth in the left valve crenulate, interior with 5–6 toothlets, and posterior with 6–7 connected by a narrow and finely crenulate groove. By this hinge-constructionKroemmelbeinia differs fromMicrocytherura (Tetracytherura) Ruggieri 1952 and also from other genera(Cytheropteron, Perissocytheridea) of similar outline.     

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Mitigates Arsenic (As)-Induced Toxicity in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Plants by Regulating Osmoregulation,Antioxidant Defense System,Ascorbate Glutathione Cycle and Glyoxalase System

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - Arsenic (As) being a toxic metalloid adversely affects plant growth and yield, as well as poses severe risks to human health. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged...     

Ecological analysis and environmental niche modelling of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo: A conservation approach for critically endangered medicinal orchid

The natural populations of Dactylorhiza hatagirea have been greatly affected due to incessant exploitation. As such, studies on its population attributes together with habitat suitability and environmental factors affecting its distribution are needed to be undertaken for its conservation in nature. Present study aimed at accessing an impact of anthropogenic pressure on population structure and locate suitable habitats for the conservation of this critically endangered orchid. Considerable changes in the phytosociological attributes were observed on account of the changing magnitude and extent of anthropogenic threat in their natural abode. The distribution pattern of species indicated that more than 90% of the populations exhibit substantially aggregated spatial distribution. Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) distribution modelling algorithm was used to predict suitable habitat and potential area for its cultivation and reintroduction. Twenty-seven occurrence records, nineteen bioclimatic variables, altitude, and slope were used. MaxEnt map output gave the habitat suitability for this species and predicted its distribution in the North-Western Himalayas of India for approximately 616 km². Jackknifing indicated that maximum temperature of warmest month, annual mean temperature, mean temperature of the driest quarter, and mean temperature of the wettest quarter were the governing factors for its distribution and hence, presented a higher gain with respect to other variables. According to permutation importance, precipitation seasonality and mean temperature of wettest quarter shows the prominent impact on the habitat distribution. Results of AUC (area under curve) were statistically significant (0.940) and the line of predicted omission falls very close to an omission on training samples, validating a better run of the model. Response curves revealed a probable increase in the occurrence of D. hatagirea with an increase in mean temperature of the wettest quarter and maximum temperature of the warmest month contributed more than 50% to predicted habitat suitability. Direct field observations concurrent with predicted habitat suitability and google-earth images represent greater model thresholds for successful inception of the species. Together, the study proposes that the species can be conserved in or near its present-day natural habitats and is equally effective in determining the possible habitats for its cultivation and reintroduction.     

Enhancement of galegine production in cell suspension culture of Galega officinalis through elicitation

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant - Galega officinalis L. is known for its dominant secondary metabolite “galegine” a guanidine derivative used in the synthesis of...     

A peculiar case of parasitisation with two new species of wasps parasitizing the rice leaf-roller Pelopidas mathias (Fabricius, 1798) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from southern India

Systematic Parasitology - Paddy, Oryza sativa L. (Poales: Poaecea) is infested by a series of lepidopteran, coleopteran, hemipteran, and acarine pests in India. Of the long list, the species Rice...