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11.
Pure phloem sap from rice plant was collected by a method similarto the aphid technique using leafhoppers and planthoppers instead.A Yttrium-Aluminium Garnet laser was used to sever the insectstylets. Sap exuded from the plant through the stylet for upto 3 hr at a rate of 0.2 µl/hr. Analysis of the sap forsugars revealed that the only carbohydrate present was sucrose;its content was estimated to be 17% and remained at this levelfor 3 hr. (Received April 16, 1980; ) 相似文献
12.
Y Masui T Tanaka N Chino H Kita S Sakakibara 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1979,86(4):982-987
Analogs of the mating factor of , Trp1- Trp3-Leu-Gln-Leu6-Lys7-Pro8-Gly-Gln-Pro11-Met12-Tyr13, from which amino acids were eliminated or substituted for other amino acid, were synthesized. These analogs showed lower biological activity than the natural mating factor if assayed after 6 hours incubation with -mating type cells of . However, if assayed after 24 or 48 hours incubation, the situation changed, i.e. the analogs in which Leu6 or Lys7 were replaced by the corresponding D-isomer, showed higher mating factor activity than the unsubstituted mating factor. The same result was obtained with the analogs in which Met was replaced by norleucine. 相似文献
13.
Awazuhara M Kim H Hayashi H Chino M Kim SG Fujiwara T 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2002,66(8):1751-1754
The application of glutathione to immature soybean cotyledons reduced the accumulation of the beta subunit of beta-conglycinin, and increased the accumulation of most glycinins. Both reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione had these effects. The application of an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, buthionine sulfoximine, increased accumulation of beta subunit. These results suggest that glutathione is important in affecting the composition of seed storage proteins. 相似文献
14.
Christian Schobert Lucian Baker Judit Szederkényi Pia Großmann Ewald Komor Hiroaki Hayashi Mitsuo Chino William J. Lucas 《Planta》1998,206(2):245-252
The mature, functional sieve-tube system in higher plants is dependent upon protein import from the companion cells to maintain
a functional long-distance transport system. Soluble proteins present within the sieve-tube lumen were investigated by analysis
of sieve-tube exudates which revealed the presence of distinct sets of polypeptides in seven monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous
plant species. Antibodies directed against sieve-tube exudate proteins from Ricinus communis L. demonstrated the presence of shared antigens in the phloem sap collected from Triticum aestivum L., Oryza sativa L., Yucca filamentosa L., Cucurbita maxima Duch., Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Tilia platyphyllos L. Specific antibodies were employed to identify major polypeptides. Molecular chaperones related to Rubisco-subunit-binding
protein and cyclophilin, as well as ubiquitin and the redox proteins, thioredoxin h and glutaredoxin, were detected in the
sieve-tube exudate of all species examined. Actin and profilin, a modulator of actin polymerization, were also present in
all analyzed phloem exudates. However, some proteins were highly species-specific, e.g. cystatin, a protease-inhibitor was
present in R. communis but was not detected in exudates from other species, and orthologs of the well-known squash phloem lectin, phloem protein
2, were only identified in the sieve-tube exudate of R. communis and R. pseudoacacia. These findings are discussed in terms of the likely roles played by phloem proteins in the maintenance and function of the
enucleate sieve-tube system of higher plants.
Received: 12 February 1998 / Accepted: 16 March 1998 相似文献
15.
Yoshihiro Kawano Chino Otsuka James Sanzo Christopher Higgins Tatsuo Nirei Tobias Schilling Takuji Ishikawa 《PloS one》2015,10(3)
Microfluidics is used increasingly for engineering and biomedical applications due to recent advances in microfabrication technologies. Visualization of bubbles, tracer particles, and cells in a microfluidic device is important for designing a device and analyzing results. However, with conventional methods, it is difficult to observe the channel geometry and such particles simultaneously. To overcome this limitation, we developed a Darkfield Internal Reflection Illumination (DIRI) system that improved the drawbacks of a conventional darkfield illuminator. This study was performed to investigate its utility in the field of microfluidics. The results showed that the developed system could clearly visualize both microbubbles and the channel wall by utilizing brightfield and DIRI illumination simultaneously. The methodology is useful not only for static phenomena, such as clogging, but also for dynamic phenomena, such as the detection of bubbles flowing in a channel. The system was also applied to simultaneous fluorescence and DIRI imaging. Fluorescent tracer beads and channel walls were observed clearly, which may be an advantage for future microparticle image velocimetry (μPIV) analysis, especially near a wall. Two types of cell stained with different colors, and the channel wall, can be recognized using the combined confocal and DIRI system. Whole-slide imaging was also conducted successfully using this system. The tiling function significantly expands the observing area of microfluidics. The developed system will be useful for a wide variety of engineering and biomedical applications for the growing field of microfluidics. 相似文献
16.
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18.
Roles of the Ras-MEK-mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-mTOR pathways in Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus-induced transformation of rodent fibroblast and epithelial cell lines 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is the causative agent of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), a transmissible lung cancer of sheep. The virus can induce tumors rapidly, and we previously found that the JSRV envelope protein (Env) functions as an oncogene, because it can transform mammalian and avian fibroblast cell lines. (N. Maeda, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:4449-4454, 2001). The molecular mechanisms of JSRV Env transformation are of considerable interest. Several reports suggested that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway is important for transformation of mammalian fibroblasts but not for chicken fibroblasts. In this study, we found that Akt/mTOR is involved in JSRV transformation of mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, because treatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin reduced transformation. We also found that H/N-Ras inhibitor FTI-277 and MEK1/2 inhibitors PD98059 and U0126 strongly inhibited JSRV transformation of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, suggesting that the H/N-Ras-MEK-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p44/42 pathway is necessary for the transformation. In RK3E epithelial cells, the MEK1/2 inhibitors also eliminated transformation, but FTI-277 only partially inhibited transformation. It was noteworthy that p38 MAPK inhibitors enhanced JSRV transformation in both fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Treatment of transformed cells with p38 inhibitors both increased levels of phospho-MEK1/2 and phospho-p44/42 and induced rapid enhancement of the transformed phenotype. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissues from naturally and experimentally induced OPA and naturally occurring enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma revealed strong activation of MAPK p44/42 in all cases examined. However, p38 activation was not generally observed. These results indicate that signaling through two pathways (in particular, H/N-Ras-MEK-MAPK and, to a lesser extent, Akt-mTOR) is important for JSRV-induced transformation and that p38 MAPK has a negative regulatory effect on transformation, perhaps via MEK1/2 and p44/42. 相似文献
19.
A submergence-induced gene, OsGGT, was cloned from 7-day submerged rice (Oryza sativa L. plants, FR13A (a submergence-tolerant cultivar, Indica), using suppression subtractive hybridization and both 5- and 3-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length OsGGT cDNA contains 1,273 bp with an open reading frame of 1,140 bp (17–1,156) that encodes 379 amino acids. Its deduced amino acid sequence is homologous with glycogenin glucosyltransferase. We found that the OsGGT gene is located in the 17,970–20,077 bp region of genome fragment AAAA01002475.1 of the Indica cultivar and in the 53,293–51,186 bp region of genome fragment AC037426.12 of chromosome 10 of the Japanica cultivar. A time-course study showed that OsGGT-gene expression increased in FR13A during submergence but decreased in IR42 (submergence-intolerant cultivar, Indica). The expression of the OsGGT gene in FR13A was induced by salicylic acid and benzyladenine. The accumulation of OsGGT mRNA in FR13A also increased in response to ethylene, gibberellin, abscisic acid, drought and salt treatment, but methyl jasmonate treatment and cold stress had no effect on expression. These results suggest that the OsGGT gene could be related to submergence stress and associated with a general defensive response to various environmental stresses.The nucleotide sequences of OsGGT cDNA has been submitted to GenBank DDBJ under accession numbers AB164463. 相似文献
20.
One rotary mechanism for F1-ATPase over ATP concentrations from millimolar down to nanomolar 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Sakaki N Shimo-Kon R Adachi K Itoh H Furuike S Muneyuki E Yoshida M Kinosita K 《Biophysical journal》2005,88(3):2047-2056
F1-ATPase is a rotary molecular motor in which the central γ-subunit rotates inside a cylinder made of α3β3-subunits. The rotation is driven by ATP hydrolysis in three catalytic sites on the β-subunits. How many of the three catalytic sites are filled with a nucleotide during the course of rotation is an important yet unsettled question. Here we inquire whether F1 rotates at extremely low ATP concentrations where the site occupancy is expected to be low. We observed under an optical microscope rotation of individual F1 molecules that carried a bead duplex on the γ-subunit. Time-averaged rotation rate was proportional to the ATP concentration down to 200 pM, giving an apparent rate constant for ATP binding of 2 × 107 M−1s−1. A similar rate constant characterized bulk ATP hydrolysis in solution, which obeyed a simple Michaelis-Menten scheme between 6 mM and 60 nM ATP. F1 produced the same torque of ~40 pN·nm at 2 mM, 60 nM, and 2 nM ATP. These results point to one rotary mechanism governing the entire range of nanomolar to millimolar ATP, although a switchover between two mechanisms cannot be dismissed. Below 1 nM ATP, we observed less regular rotations, indicative of the appearance of another reaction scheme. 相似文献