全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3475篇 |
免费 | 182篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 23篇 |
2021年 | 57篇 |
2020年 | 43篇 |
2019年 | 37篇 |
2018年 | 66篇 |
2017年 | 55篇 |
2016年 | 76篇 |
2015年 | 127篇 |
2014年 | 166篇 |
2013年 | 232篇 |
2012年 | 258篇 |
2011年 | 263篇 |
2010年 | 134篇 |
2009年 | 146篇 |
2008年 | 235篇 |
2007年 | 229篇 |
2006年 | 217篇 |
2005年 | 203篇 |
2004年 | 243篇 |
2003年 | 189篇 |
2002年 | 180篇 |
2001年 | 37篇 |
2000年 | 22篇 |
1999年 | 30篇 |
1998年 | 39篇 |
1997年 | 33篇 |
1996年 | 25篇 |
1995年 | 34篇 |
1994年 | 36篇 |
1993年 | 24篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有3658条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
141.
Komoda T Yoshida K Abe N Sugiyama Y Imachi M Hirota H Koshino H Hirota A 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2004,68(1):104-111
A simple new assay was designed for lipoxygenase inhibitors. This assay was used to find the novel lipoxygenase inhibitor, tetrapetalone A (1). Tetrapetalone A (1), C26H33NO7, was isolated from Streptomyces sp. USF-4727 strain. Its planar structure was determined by spectroscopic evidence and by methylating with diazomethane to show the presence of a novel tetracyclic skeleton and a beta-D-rhodinosyl moiety. The stereochemistry of 1 was investigated by the coupling constant in the 1H-NMR spectrum, NOE correlations, modified Mosher's method and derivation. We have reported the structural elucidation of 1 in our previous paper. However, further investigation gave another structure for 1, which is described in this paper. Tetrapetalone A showed similar inhibitory activity against soybean lipoxygenase to the two well-known lipoxygenase inhibitors, kojic acid and NDGA, while methylated tetrapetalone A (2) showed little inhibitory activity, even at a concentration of 1 mM. 相似文献
142.
Intact cells of the denitrifying fungus Fusarium oxysporum were previously shown to catalyze codenitrification to form a hybrid nitrous oxide (N2O) species from nitrite and other nitrogen compounds such as azide and ammonia. Here we show that cytochrome P450nor can catalyze the codenitrification reaction to form N2O from nitric oxide (NO) but not nitrite, and azide or ammonia. The results show that the direct substrate of the codenitrification by intact cells should not be nitrite but NO, which is formed from nitrite by the reaction of a dissimilatory nitrite reductase. 相似文献
143.
Komoda T Kishi M Abe N Sugiyama Y Hirota A 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2004,68(4):903-908
Three novel lipoxygenase inhibitors, tetrapetalone B (2, C(28)H(35)NO(9)), C (3, C(26)H(34)NO(8)), and D (4, C(28)H(36)NO(10)), were isolated from a culture broth of Streptomyces sp. USF-4727 that produced a lipoxygenase inhibitor tetrapetalone A (1) simultaneously. Each chemical structure was revealed by spectroscopic evidence, this suggests that these three compounds are structurally related to 1. They had a tetracyclic skeleton and a beta-D-rhodinosyl moiety. Tetrapetalone B, C, and D inhibited soybean lipoxygenase with IC(50): 320, 360, and 340 microM respectively. 相似文献
144.
Morikawa A Koide N Sugiyama T Mu MM Hassan F Islam S Ito H Mori I Yoshida T Yokochi T 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》2004,41(3):211-218
The effect of D-galactosamine (D-GalN) on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells was examined. D-GalN augmented the production of NO, but not tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Pretreatment of D-GalN augmented the NO production whereas its post-treatment did not. D-GalN augmented the NO production in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with either TNF-alpha and interferon-gamma. The augmentation of LPS-induced NO production by D-GalN was due to enhanced expressions of an inducible type of NO synthase mRNA and proteins. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were exclusively generated in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with D-GalN and LPS. Scavenging of intracellular ROS abrogated the augmentation of NO production. It was therefore suggested that D-GalN might augment LPS-induced NO production through the generation of intracellular ROS. 相似文献
145.
Shibata N Suto K Ichimura E Yoshimura K Muneo K Tomigami S Morimoto Y Ogata M Yagi T Higuchi Y Yasuoka N 《Protein and peptide letters》2004,11(1):93-96
Hexadecaheme high molecular weight cytochrome c from a sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F has been successfully purified and crystallized. X-ray diffraction data have been collected by the multiple wavelength anomalous dispersion method. The crystal belongs to the space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with unit-cell parameters a=60.42, b=84.29 and c=144.16 A and contains one molecule per asymmetric unit. 相似文献
146.
Role of follicular dendritic cells in the early HIV-1 infection: in vitro model without specific antibody 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Taruishi M Terashima K Dewan Z Yamamoto N Ikeda S Kobayashi D Eishi Y Yamazaki M Furusaka T Sugimoto M Ishii M Kitamura K Yamamoto N 《Microbiology and immunology》2004,48(9):693-702
About 90% of HIV-1 RNA in the lymph nodes is reported to localize in follicular dendritic cellsnetwork (FDC-NW) as early as several days after infection and as much as that in the late stage. But the mechanism remains to be fully understood. To elucidate the role of follicular dendritic cells (FDC) in the early stage of HIV-1 infection, FDC-like cell strains (FDCLC) were established and they were characterized in the co-culture system with T cells for their effect on HIV-1 trapping and replication in p24 immunoassay, immunohistochemistry as well as confocal and electronmicroscopy. Established FDCLC were positive for CNA-42, S-100alpha and intercellular desmosome-like junctions. L-SIGN and DC-SIGN were also detected in FDCLC. Alu-HIV-1 PCR analysis showed no HIV-1 integration in FDCLC. FDCLC trapped HIV-1 and transferred them to uninfected MOLT-4 T cells (MOLT-4) efficiently in the absence of specific antibody. FDCLC also accelerated HIV-1 replication in HIV-1-pre-exposed MOLT-4. These unique FDCLC effects were explained, at least partly, by the fact that FDCLC up-regulated CD4 expression in MOLT-4 and helped T cells escape from apoptosis in the co-culture. These data suggest that FDC/FDCLC engage not only in trapping but also in active expansion of HIV-1 in the absence of specific antibody. 相似文献
147.
The effects of biotic stresses on the contents of benzoxazinones (Bxs) were investigated in maize leaves. When the causal agent of southern corn leaf blight, Bipolaris maydis, was inoculated on the third leaf, the amount of 2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one glucoside (HDMBOA-Glc) increased, reaching a maximum level 48 h after inoculation. The inoculation of weakly pathogenic Curvularia lunata and non-pathogenic Alternaria alternata also resulted in accumulation of HDMBOA-Glc, and filtrates of the cultures of B. maydis, C. lunata and A. alternata also showed the accumulation of elicitor-active compounds by the fungi. Furthermore the infection of B. maydis induced formation of dark brown lesions, where most abundant Bx-related compound was 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA). The later is formed by degradation of DIMBOA and HDMBOA, whereas HDMBOA-Glc was most abundant in the surrounding green tissues. Among the Bx-related compounds, MBOA exhibited the strongest inhibition of the germination of the conidia and of the growth of germ tubes of B. maydis, C. lunata and A. alternata. In addition to fungal infection, the feeding by rice armyworm larvae resulted in HDMBOA-Glc accumulation. These findings are discussed in relation to the possible ecological relevance of the conversion of DIMBOA-Glc into HDMBOA-Glc. 相似文献
148.
Effects of low temperature on chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, gas exchange rate, the amounts of xanthophyll cycle pigments (Xp) and the activities of several antioxidant enzymes were examined in the 8th leaf of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars (japonica and indica types) and rbcS antisense rice. All plants were grown hydroponically at 25/20 degrees C (day/night), and then exposed to 20/17 degrees C (day/night) after full expansion of the 8th leaf, or exposed to either 20/17 degrees C or 15/13 degrees C (day/night) during the expansion of the 8th leaf. All plants exposed to low temperatures showed a decrease in CO(2) assimilation rate without photoinhibition, and increases in the fraction of thermal dissipation in PSII, and in the electron flux through the water-water cycle (WWC) were observed. Although the increase of thermal dissipation was associated with increases in the ratio of carotenoids to Chl, the ratio of Xp to carotenoids and the de-epoxidation state of Xp, the increase of the electron flux of WWC was not accompanied by an increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Such photoprotective responses did not differ between during and after full expansion of the leaf, and did not differ among the three genotypes. Quantitative analyses on the dissipation of excess light energy showed that thermal dissipation makes a larger contribution than WWC. Thus, although low temperature led to a decrease in CO(2) assimilation, rice potentially coped with the excess light energy by increasing the thermal dissipation and the electron flux of WWC under low temperature irrespective of leaf development and genotypes. 相似文献
149.
150.
Morikawa H Takahashi M Sakamoto A Matsubara T Arimura G Kawamura Y Fukunaga K Fujita K Sakurai N Hirata T Ide H Nonoyama N Suzuki H 《Planta》2004,219(1):14-22
Plants take up inorganic nitrogen and store it unchanged or convert it to organic forms. The nitrogen in such organic compounds is stoichiometrically recoverable by the Kjeldahl method. The sum of inorganic nitrogen and Kjeldahl nitrogen has long been known to equal the total nitrogen in plants. However, in our attempt to study the mechanism of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) metabolism, we unexpectedly discovered that about one-third of the total nitrogen derived from 15N-labeled NO2 taken up by Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants was converted to neither inorganic nor Kjeldahl nitrogen, but instead to an as yet unknown nitrogen compound(s). We here refer to this nitrogen as unidentified nitrogen (UN). The generality of the formation of UN across species, nitrogen sources and cultivation environments for plants has been shown as follows. Firstly, all of the other 11 plant species studied were found to form the UN in response to fumigation with 15NO2. Secondly, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants fed with 15N-nitrate appeared to form the UN. And lastly, the leaves of naturally fed vegetables, grass and roadside trees were found to possess the UN. In addition, the UN appeared to comprise a substantial proportion of total nitrogen in these plant species. Collectively, all of our present findings imply that there is a novel nitrogen mechanism for the formation of UN in plants. Based on the analyses of the exhaust gas and residue fractions of the Kjeldahl digestion of a plant sample containing the UN, probable candidates for compounds that bear the UN were deduced to be those containing the heat-labile nitrogen–oxygen functions and those recalcitrant to Kjeldahl digestion, including organic nitro and nitroso compounds. We propose UN-bearing compounds may provide a chemical basis for the mechanism of the reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and thus that cross-talk may occur between UN and RNS metabolisms in plants. A mechanism for the formation of UN-bearing compounds, in which RNS are involved as intermediates, is proposed. The important broad impact of this novel nitrogen metabolism, not only on the general physiology of plants, but also on plant substances as human and animal food, and on plants as an integral part of the global environment, is discussed.Abbreviations NO Nitric oxide - NO2 Nitrogen dioxide - RNS Reactive nitrogen species - UN Unidentified nitrogen - TNNAT, RNNAT, INNAT and UNNAT Total, Kjeldahl, inorganic and unidentified nitrogen in naturally fed plants, respectively - TNNIT, RNNIT, INNIT and UNNIT Total, Kjeldahl, inorganic and unidentified nitrogen derived from nitrate, respectively - TNNO2, RNNO2, INNO2 and UNNO2 Total, Kjeldahl, inorganic and unidentified nitrogen derived from NO2, respectively 相似文献