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101.
Sera from approximately 30% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) contain high titers of autoantibodies that bind to the 52-kDa Ro/SSA protein. We previously detected polymorphisms in the 52-kDa Ro/SSA gene (SSA1) with restriction enzymes, one of which is strongly associated with the presence of SLE (P < 0.0005) in African Americans. A higher disease frequency and more severe forms of the disease are commonly noted among these female patients. To determine the location and nature of this polymorphism, we obtained two clones that span 8.5 kb of the 52-kDa Ro/SSA locus including its upstream regulatory region. Six exons were identified, and their nucleotide sequences plus adjacent noncoding regions were determined. No differences were found between these exons and the coding region of one of the reported cDNAs. The disease-associated polymorphic site suggested by a restriction enzyme map and confirmed by DNA amplification and nucleotide sequencing was present upstream of exon 1. This polymorphism may be a genetic marker for a disease-related variation in the coding region for the protein or in the upstream regulatory region of this gene. Although this RFLP is present in Japanese, it is not associated with lupus in this race. 相似文献
102.
D-malic acid production from DL-malic acid by enantiospecific assimilation with Acinetobacter lwofii
Summary
Acinetobacter lwofii ATCC 9036 assimilated L-malic acid eantiospecifically and left D-malic acid when grown in a medium containing DL-malic acid. The optical purity of the D-malic acid isolated from the culture filtrate was 100%. When the organism was incubated at 26°C, 220 r.p.m. in a Erlenmeyer flask containing 100g/l of disodium maleate, L-malic acid was completely consumed during 7 days incubation and D-malic acid remained at the concentration of 35g/l. 相似文献
103.
Hisahiro Yoshida Shin-Ichi Nishikawa Hitoshi Okamura Teruyo Sakakura Moriaki Kusakabe 《Development, growth & differentiation》1993,35(2):209-220
In order to investigate the role of the c- kit oncogene in the melanoblast development, a rat monoclonal antibody (ACK2) against the mouse c-kit protein was used to localize cells expressing c-kit during fetal development. ACK2 was also injected directly into the amniotic cavity of mouse fetuses at successive developmental stages. After birth, the offspring were examined to determine the resulting coat color patterns. c-kit positive melanoblasts first appeared in dermis of fetuses at 11.5 days postcoitum (dpc). Subsequently, these cells increased in number and migrated dorsolaterally to the ventral region, and by 12.5 dpc some of them began to invade the epidermis. Treatment of fetuses by ACK2 microinjection appeared to affect the pigmentation in the coat, inducing a variety of spotting patterns in offspring, and the location of the spots was closely correlated with gestational stage. ACK2 injection of early fetuses produced major changes in coat color even though few c-kit positive cells were detectable in the dermal mesenchyme at the time of injection. Large spots were also induced when mid-stage fetuses with a only few c-kit positive cells in the dorsal region were injected. By contrast, except for spot formation in the center of ventral region, ACK2 injection did not appear to affect melanogenesis in late stage fetuses that had many c-kit positive cells. 相似文献
104.
Lei Peng-Cheng Takashi Yoshiike Hitoshi Yaguchi Hideoki Ogawa MD PhD 《Mycopathologia》1993,122(2):89-93
Defense mechanisms againstSporothrix schenckii were studied using mouse models. After an intracutaneous injection of the yeast form ofS. schenckii to the dorsal skin of the congenitally athymic nude and normal heterozygote littermate mice, nodules were formed. They regressed and disappeared in 10 weeks in the case of normal mice. On the other hand, nodules and then ulceration developed progressively in nude mice until all animals expired by dissemination of microorganisms at the 11th week of inoculation. Histopathologically the migrated cells were similar in both the normal and the nude mice, particularly during the early phase (within 24 h), with infiltration by PMNs being predominant. Fragmentation ofS. schenckii commenced early during the 12–24 h stage of inoculation in the normal mice, while such fragmentation was scarce in nude mice even though numerous PMNs accumulated. Microscopic observations in the early stages (within 24 h of inoculation) suggested that the lack of killing activity by PMNs in nude mice contributes more to the impaired defense than the lack of macrophage activation by T-cells. 相似文献
105.
Hitoshi Kakidani Shinobu Watarai Misao Onuma Ken-ichi Tomochika Tatsuji Yasuda 《Microbiology and immunology》1993,37(9):713-720
A recombinant plasmid which contained a gene for diphtheria toxin A-chain (DT-A) under the control of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) (BLV-LTR) was constructed to test a novel application of liposomes as antiviral agents. The promoter activity of BLV-LTR was estimated by the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay using a plasmid which contains the coding sequence of CAT under the control of BLV-LTR (pBLVCAT). When BLV-infected cells were transfected with pBLVCAT, CAT activity was detected. BLV-uninfected cell lines, however, showed no detectable CAT activity. The plasmid DNA entrapped in liposomes was added to BLV-infected cells in culture. Syncytium formation induced by BLV-infected cells was effectively suppressed by the liposomes containing the gene for DT-A under the control of BLV-LTR. Conversely, liposomes containing the gene for DT-A without a promoter showed no such effect. DT-A gene-containing liposomes with BLV-LTR did not affect formation of syncytium induced by bovine immunodeficiency virus. These observations indicate that BLV-infected cells were readily targeted on the level of gene expression. This strategy could be applied to the treatment of BLV-induced B-cell proliferation of cattle, and further to other viral/neoplastic diseases where specific gene expression is exerted. 相似文献
106.
Evaluation of Superoxide Scavenging Activities of Hamamelis Extract and Hamamelitannin 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hamamelitannin, which is a component of bark extract of hamamelis (Hamamelis virginior L.), was found to be a potent scavenger of superoxide anion radicals. Superoxide anion scavenging activity of the compound was evaluated by ESR-spin trap method using DMPO (5,5'-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide) as a spin trapping agent. The IC50 value (the concentration producing 50% inhibition of superoxide anion radicals) of hamamelitannin was found to be 1.38 ± 0.06 μM much lower than that of ascorbic acid (23.31 ± 2.23 μM). Supporting the superoxide scavenging activity of hamamelitannin, the compound showed both suppresive ability against depolymelization of hyaluronic acid and protective ability against cytotoxicity induced by superoxide anion radicals. Hamamelitannin increased the survival rate of fibroblast to 85.5 ± 3.3%, compared with that of control (27.2 ± 4.3%). 相似文献
107.
H Oritani Y Deyashiki T Nakayama A Hara H Sawada K Matsuura Y Bunai I Ohya 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》1992,292(2):539-547
A pyrazole-sensitive carbonyl reductase from pig lung was purified to homogeneity by electrophoretic criteria. Chemical cross-linking study suggested that the native enzyme is a tetramer with a Mr of 103,000, consisting of apparent identical subunits of Mr 24,000. The enzyme reduced aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds with NADPH as a preferable cofactor to NADH and catalyzed the oxidation of secondary alcohols and the aldehyde dismutation in the presence of NAD(P)+. Immunohistochemical study with the antibodies against the enzyme revealed that the enzyme was localized in the ciliated cells, nonciliated bronchiolar cells, Type II alveolar pneumocytes, and the epithelial cells of the ducts of the bronchial glands in the pig lung. In addition to the properties and distribution, the pig lung enzyme was immunochemically similar to the pulmonary enzymes in the guinea pig and mouse. However, the pig enzyme showed the following unusual features. (1) The enzyme exhibited an equatorial specificity in the reduction of 3-ketosteroids; the 4-pro-S hydrogen of NADPH was transferred to the carbonyl carbon atom of 5 alpha- and 5 beta-androstanes, and the respective reduced products were identified as 3 beta- and 3 alpha-hydroxysteroids. (2) Although the NADPH-linked reduction of carbonyl compounds apparently obeyed the Michaelis-Menten kinetics at pH 6.0, the double-reciprocal plots of the velocity vs concentrations of the carbonyl substrates were convex at pH higher than 6.5. The Hill coefficients and [S]0.5 values for the substrates decreased as the pH for reaction increased. The results suggest that the pig enzyme exhibits negative cooperativity with respect to the carbonyl substrates and that the hydrogen ion acts as an allosteric effector abolishing the negative interaction. 相似文献
108.
E Sonoda Y Hitoshi N Yamaguchi T Ishii A Tominaga S Araki K Takatsu 《Cellular immunology》1992,140(1):158-172
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and IL-5 have been shown to augment IgA production by LPS-stimulated murine B cells. We investigated the effect of TGF-beta on the expression of surface Ig-isotype and IL-5 receptor on LPS-stimulated B cells. TGF-beta increased the proportion of both surface IgA-positive (sIgA+) B cells and sIgG2b+ B cells and enhanced IgA and IgG2b production by LPS-stimulated B cells. TGF-beta synergized with IL-5 only for IgA production of the seven Ig-isotypes and in combination with IL-5 caused a significant increase in the proportion of sIgA+ B cells up to 17.4%. In contrast, IL-5 decreased the proportion of sIgG2b+ B cells and sIgG3+ B cells and inhibited the production of IgG2b and IgG3 by LPS-stimulated B cells. About 50% of sIgA+ cells induced by TGF-beta expressed IL-5 receptor. They secreted peak levels of IgA and seemed to maintain long viability in the presence of IL-5; whereas TGF-beta had the opposite effects on sIgA+ B cells and down-regulated the IL-5 receptor expression. These results indicate that TGF-beta increases the number of sIgA(+)- and IL-5 receptor-positive B cells which respond to IL-5 giving rise to IgA-secreting cells and also support the notions that TGF-beta preferentially induces switching to sIgA+ B cells and IL-5 induces the maturation of postswitch sIgA+ B cells into IgA-secreting cells in a stepwise fashion. 相似文献
109.
Masahiro Sugimura Hirofumi Watanabe Nathan Lo Hitoshi Saito 《European journal of biochemistry》2003,270(16):3455-3460
A cellulase (endo-beta-1,4-glucanase, EC 3.2.1.4) was purified from the gut of larvae of the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle Psacothea hilaris by acetone precipitation and elution from gels after native PAGE and SDS/PAGE with activity staining. The purified protein formed a single band, and the molecular mass was estimated to be 47 kDa. The purified cellulase degraded carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), insoluble cello-oligosaccharide (average degree of polymerization 34) and soluble cello-oligosaccharides longer than cellotriose, but not crystalline cellulose or cellobiose. The specific activity of the cellulase against CMC was 150 micro mol.min-1.(mg protein)-1. TLC analysis showed that the cellulase produces cellotriose and cellobiose from insoluble cello-oligosaccharides. However, a glucose assay linked with glucose oxidase detected a small amount of glucose, with a productivity of 0.072 micro mol.min-1.(mg protein)-1. The optimal pH of P. hilaris cellulase was 5.5, close to the pH in the midgut of P. hilaris larvae. The N-terminal amino-acid sequence of the purified P. hilaris cellulase was determined and a degenerate primer designed, which enabled a 975-bp cDNA clone containing a typical polyadenylation signal to be obtained by PCR and sequencing. The deduced amino-acid sequence of P. hilaris cellulase showed high homology to members of glycosyl hydrolase family 5 subfamily 2, and, in addition, a signature sequence for family 5 was found. Thus, this is the first report of a family 5 cellulase from arthropods. 相似文献
110.