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51.
Vasconcelos AT Guimarães AC Castelletti CH Caruso CS Ribeiro C Yokaichiya F Armôa GR Pereira Gda S da Silva IT Schrago CG Fernandes AL da Silveira AR Carneiro AG Carvalho BM Viana CJ Gramkow D Lima FJ Corrêa LG Mudado Mde A Nehab-Hess P Souza Rd Corrêa RL Russo CA 《Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)》2005,21(10):2566-2567
MamMiBase, the mammalian mitochondrial genome database, is a relational database of complete mitochondrial genome sequences of mammalian species. The database is useful for phylogenetic analysis, since it allows a ready retrieval of nucleotide and aminoacid individual alignments, in three different formats (NEXUS for PAUP program, for MEGA program and for PHYLIP program) of the 13 protein coding mitochondrial genes. The user may download the sequences that are useful for him/her based on their parameters values, such as sequence length, p-distances, base content, transition transversion ratio, gamma, which are also given by MamMiBase. A simple phylogenetic tree (neighbor-joining tree with Jukes Cantor distance) is also available for download, useful for parameter calculations and other simple tasks. AVAILABILITY: MamMiBase is available at http://www.mammibase.lncc.br 相似文献
52.
Possible biphasic sweating response during short-term heat acclimation protocol for tropical natives
Magalhães Fde C Machado-Moreira CA Vimieiro-Gomes AC Silami-Garcia E Lima NR Rodrigues LO 《Journal of physiological anthropology》2006,25(3):215-219
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sweat loss response during short-term heat acclimation in tropical natives. Six healthy young male subjects, inhabitants of a tropical region, were heat acclimated by means of nine days of one-hour heat-exercise treatments (40+/-0 degrees C and 32+/-1% relative humidity; 50% (.)VO(2peak) on a cycle ergometer). On days 1 to 9 of heat acclimation whole-body sweat loss was calculated by body weight variation corrected for body surface area. On days 1 and 9 rectal temperature (T(re)) and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) every 4 minutes. Heat acclimation was confirmed by reduced HR (day 1 rest: 77+/-5 b.min(-1); day 9 rest: 68+/-3 b.min(-1); day 1 final exercise: 161+/-15 b.min(-1); day 9 final exercise: 145+/-11 b.min(-1), p<0.05), RPE (13 vs. 11, p<0.05) and T(re) (day 1 rest: 37.2+/-0.2 degrees C; day 9 rest: 37.0+/-0.2 degrees C; day 1 final exercise: 38.2+/-0.2 degrees C; day 9 final exercise: 37.9+/-0.1 degrees C, p<0.05). The main finding was that whole-body sweat loss increased in days 5 and 7 (9.49+/-1.84 and 9.56+/-1.86 g.m(-2).min(-1), respectively) compared to day 1 (8.31+/-1.31 g.m(-2).min(-1), p<0.05) and was not different in day 9 (8.48+/-1.02 g.m(-2).min(-1)) compared to day 1 (p>0.05) of the protocol. These findings are consistent with the heat acclimation induced adaptations and suggest a biphasic sweat response (an increase in the sweat rate in the middle of the protocol followed by return to initial values by the end of it) during short-term heat acclimation in tropical natives. 相似文献
53.
Gondim DV Costa JL Rocha SS Brito GA Ribeiro Rde A Vale ML 《Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology》2012,90(4):395-405
This study investigated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on zymosan-induced acute arthritis of the rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Male Wistar rats were injected with saline or zymosan (control group; 2?mg) into the left TMJ. Low frequency EA (10?Hz, 30?min) was performed at acupoints (LI4, LI11, ST36, ST44) or sham points 2?h after or 1?h before zymosan administration. Mechanical hypernociception was accessed by the electronic Von Frey method after zymosan administration. Rats were sacrificed 6?h after zymosan administration and the joint was removed for histopathological analysis, myeloperoxidase activity assessment, vascular permeability observations, and immunohistochemical verification of inflammatory mediators. The results showed that EA inhibited zymosan-induced hypernociception, compared with the control group and with the sham group (p?< 0.05). The results showed that EA inhibited inflammatory parameters such as neutrophil migration, vascular permeability, and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the TMJ compared with the sham group (p < 0.05). Histopathological analysis showed that EA significantly inhibited edema and periarticular infiltration (p?< 0.05) compared with the control and sham groups. EA at acupoints produced antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects on zymosan-induced arthritis in the rat TMJ. 相似文献
54.
Nádia Skorupa Parachin Kelly Cristina MulderAntônio Américo Barbosa Viana Simoni Campos DiasOctávio Luiz Franco 《Peptides》2012
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) consist of molecules that act on the defense systems of numerous organisms toward multiple pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. These compounds have become extremely significant due to the increasing resistance of microorganisms to common antibiotics. However, the low quantity of peptides obtained from direct purification is, to date, still a remarkable bottleneck for scientific and industrial research development. Therefore, this review describes the main heterologous systems currently used for AMP production, including bacteria, fungi and plants, and also the related strategies for reaching greater functional peptide production. The main difficulties of each system are also described in order to provide some directions for AMP production. In summary, data revised here indicate that large-scale production of AMPs can be obtained using biotechnological tools, and the products may be applied in the pharmaceutical industry as well as in agribusiness. 相似文献
55.
Meyler SV Salmona J Ibouroi MT Besolo A Rasolondraibe E Radespiel U Rabarivola C Chikhi L 《American journal of primatology》2012,74(5):414-422
Very little information is known of the recently described Microcebus tavaratra and Lepilemur milanoii in the Daraina region, a restricted area in far northern Madagascar. Since their forest habitat is highly fragmented and expected to undergo significant changes in the future, rapid surveys are essential to determine conservation priorities. Using both distance sampling and capture-recapture methods, we estimated population densities in two forest fragments. Our results are the first known density and population size estimates for both nocturnal species. In parallel, we compare density results from four different approaches, which are widely used to estimate lemur densities and population sizes throughout Madagascar. Four approaches (King, Kelker, Muller and Buckland) are based on transect surveys and distance sampling, and they differ from each other by the way the effective strip width is estimated. The fifth method relies on a capture-mark-recapture (CMR) approach. Overall, we found that the King method produced density estimates that were significantly higher than other methods, suggesting that it generates overestimates and hence overly optimistic estimates of population sizes in endangered species. The other three distance sampling methods provided similar estimates. These estimates were similar to those obtained with the CMR approach when enough recapture data were available. Given that Microcebus species are often trapped for genetic or behavioral studies, our results suggest that existing data can be used to provide estimates of population density for that species across Madagascar. 相似文献
56.
Viana T Loureiro-Dias MC Loureiro V Prista C 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2012,78(17):6302-6308
Intracellular pH (pH(in)) is a tightly regulated physiological parameter, which controls cell performance in all living systems. The purpose of this work was to evaluate if and how H(+) homeostasis is accomplished by an industrial wine strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae while fermenting real must under the harsh winery conditions prevalent in the late stages of the fermentation process, in particular low pH and high ethanol concentrations and temperature. Cells grown at 15, 25, and 30°C were harvested in exponential and early and late stationary phases. Intracellular pH remained in the range of 6.0 to 6.4, decreasing significantly only by the end of glucose fermentation, in particular at lower temperatures (pH(in) 5.2 at 15°C), although the cells remained viable and metabolically active. The cell capability of extruding H(+) via H(+)-ATPase and of keeping H(+) out by means of an impermeable membrane were evaluated as potential mechanisms of H(+) homeostasis. At 30°C, H(+) efflux was higher in all stages. The most striking observation was that cells in late stationary phase became almost impermeable to H(+). Even when these cells were challenged with high ethanol concentrations (up to 20%) added in the assay, their permeability to H(+) remained very low, being almost undetectable at 15°C. Comparatively, ethanol significantly increased the H(+) permeability of cells in exponential phase. Understanding the molecular and physiological events underlying yeast H(+) homeostasis at late stages of fermentations may contribute to the development of more robust strains suitable to efficiently produce a high-quality wine. 相似文献
57.
Regina H. R. Sambuichi Daniela B. Vidal Flora B. Piasentin Jomar G. Jardim Thiago G. Viana Agna A. Menezes Durval L. N. Mello Dario Ahnert Virupax C. Baligar 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2012,21(4):1055-1077
In southern Bahia, Brazil, cabrucas are the traditional agroforests in which cacao trees are planted under thinned-out native forests. To analyze the role of
cabrucas in tree species conservation, we inventoried the non-cocoa trees in 1.0 ha plots of cabruca in 16 cocoa farms and compared our results with a similar survey undertaken in the early 1960s in the same region to analyze
the long term changes. We also interviewed 160 cocoa farmers to investigate their preferences for species and the main practices
used in managing shade trees. The cabrucas showed high levels of tree diversity for an agroforestry system (Shannon index ranging from 2.21 to 3.52) and also high variation
in structure and composition among the different farms. Forest specialist trees accounted for most species (63.9%) in the
survey and were among the species most preferred by the farmers, although we found evidence that some of these trees are gradually
being replaced by other species. Our results indicate that cabrucas are poor substitutes for undisturbed forests in terms of tree species richness, but their presence in human-altered landscapes
is of utmost importance to the conservation of forest tree species as they increase overall heterogeneity and may serve as
ecological corridors, additional habitats, and buffer zones. 相似文献
58.
Ibrahim MM de Angelis R Lima AS Viana de Carvalho GD Ibrahim FM Malki LT de Paula Bichuete M de Paula Martins W Rocha EM 《PloS one》2012,7(3):e33775
Purpose
Fungi are a major cause of keratitis, although few medications are licensed for their treatment. The aim of this study is to observe the variation in commercialisation of antifungal eye drops, and to predict the seasonal distribution of fungal keratitis in Brazil.Methods
Data from a retrospective study of antifungal eye drops sales from the only pharmaceutical ophthalmologic laboratory, authorized to dispense them in Brazil (Opthalmos) were gathered. These data were correlated with geographic and seasonal distribution of fungal keratitis in Brazil between July 2002 and June 2008.Results
A total of 26,087 antifungal eye drop units were sold, with a mean of 2.3 per patient. There was significant variation in antifungal sales during the year (p<0.01). A linear regression model displayed a significant association between reduced relative humidity and antifungal drug sales (R2 = 0.17,p<0.01).Conclusions
Antifungal eye drops sales suggest that there is a seasonal distribution of fungal keratitis. A possible interpretation is that the third quarter of the year (a period when the climate is drier), when agricultural activity is more intense in Brazil, suggests a correlation with a higher incidence of fungal keratitis. A similar model could be applied to other diseases, that are managed with unique, or few, and monitorable medications to predict epidemiological aspects. 相似文献59.
60.