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排序方式: 共有188条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
MOTIVATION: Gene expression profile data are rapidly accumulating due to advances in microarray techniques. The abundant data are analyzed by clustering procedures to extract the useful information about the genes inherent in the data. In the clustering analyses, the systematic determination of the boundaries of gene clusters, instead of by visual inspection and biological knowledge, still remains challenging. RESULTS: We propose a statistical procedure to estimate the number of clusters in the hierarchical clustering of the expression profiles. Following the hierarchical clustering, the statistical property of the profiles at the node in the dendrogram is evaluated by a statistics-based value: the variance inflation factor in the multiple regression analysis. The evaluation leads to an automatic determination of the cluster boundaries without any additional analyses and any biological knowledge of the measured genes. The performance of the present procedure is demonstrated on the profiles of 2467 yeast genes, with very promising results. AVAILABILITY: A set of programs will be electronically sent upon request. CONTACT: horimoto@post.saga-med.ac.jp; toh@beri.co.jp 相似文献
72.
Kengo Ito Kurumi Fukuoka Naho Nishigaki Katsuya Hara Yoshihisa Yoshimi Hiroaki Kuki Daisuke Takahashi Yoichi Tsumuraya Toshihisa Kotake 《Plant Biotechnology》2020,37(4):459
Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are extracellular proteoglycans, which are presumed to participate in the regulation of cell shape, thus contributing to the excellent mechanical properties of plants. AGPs consist of a hydroxyproline-rich core-protein and large arabinogalactan (AG) sugar chains, called type II AGs. These AGs have a β-1,3-galactan backbone and β-1,6-galactan side chains, to which other sugars are attached. The structure of type II AG differs depending on source plant, tissue, and age. Type II AGs obtained from woody plants in large quantity as represented by gum arabic and larch AG, here designated gum arabic-subclass, have a β-1,3;1,6-galactan structure in which the β-1,3-galactan backbone is highly substituted with short β-1,6-galactan side chains. On the other hand, it is unclear whether type II AGs found as the glycan part of AGPs from herbaceous plants, here designated AGP-subclass, also have conserved β-1,3:1,6-galactan structural features. In the present study we explore similarities of type II AG structures in the AGP-subclass. Type II AGs in fractions obtained from spinach, broccoli, bok choy, komatsuna, and cucumber were hydrolyzed into galactose and β-1,6-galactooligosaccharides by specific enzymes. Based on the proportion of these sugars, the substitution ratio of the β-1,3-galactan backbone was calculated as 46–58% in the five vegetables, which is consistently lower than what is seen in gum arabic and larch AG. Although most side chains were short, long chains such as β-1,6-galactohexaose chains were also observed in these vegetables. The results suggest a conserved β-1,3;1,6-galactan structure in the AGP-subclass that distinguishes it from the gum arabic-subclass. 相似文献
73.
Motoi Suzuki Hiroyuki Yoshimine Yoshitaka Harada Naho Tsuchiya Ikumi Shimada Koya Ariyoshi Kenichiro Inoue 《PloS one》2013,8(1)
Background
Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies are usually conducted by specialized agencies and require time and resources. The objective of this study was to estimate the influenza VE against medically attended influenza using a test-negative case-control design with rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDT) in a clinical setting.Methods
A prospective study was conducted at a community hospital in Nagasaki, western Japan during the 2010/11 influenza season. All outpatients aged 15 years and older with influenza-like illnesses (ILI) who had undergone RIDT were enrolled. A test-negative case-control design was applied to estimate the VEs: the cases were ILI patients with positive RIDT results and the controls were ILI patients with negative RIDT results. Information on patient characteristics, including vaccination histories, was collected using questionnaires and medical records.Results
Between December 2010 and April 2011, 526 ILI patients were tested with RIDT, and 476 were eligible for the analysis. The overall VE estimate against medically attended influenza was 47.6%, after adjusting for the patients'' age groups, presence of chronic conditions, month of visit, and smoking and alcohol use. The seasonal influenza vaccine reduced the risk of medically attended influenza by 60.9% for patients less than 50 years of age, but a significant reduction was not observed for patients 50 years of age and older. A sensitivity analysis provided similar figures.Conclusion
The test-negative case-control study using RIDT provided moderate influenza VE consistent with other reports. Utilizing the commonly used RIDT to estimate VE provides rapid assessment of VE; however, it may require validation with more specific endpoint. 相似文献74.
Naho Sugihara Takeyuki Higashigawa Daiki Aramoto Akio Kato 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2013,126(12):2931-2941
Key message
We induced a fdr1 mutation in maize which makes haploid plants male fertile due to first division restitution; the optimum sodium azide treatment on maize kernels has been identified.Abstract
Sodium azide mutagenesis experiments were performed on haploid and diploid maize plants. Kernels with haploid embryos of maize inbred line B55 were induced by pollinating with RWS pollen. These kernels were treated with 0.2, 0.5, or 1.0 mM sodium azide solution for 2 h. The 0.5 mM solution was optimal for inducing numerous albino sectors on the treated plants without significant damage. Kernels of a maize hybrid, Oh43 × B55, were treated with sodium azide solutions at concentrations of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mM. Haploids were generated by pollinating RWS pollen. The highest rate of chlorophyll mutations in seedlings (15.3 % [13/85]) was recorded with the 2.5 mM concentration. A mutated haploid plant (PP1-50) with higher pollen fertility was isolated during the experiments. This haploid plant produced four kernels on the ear after selfing. These kernels were germinated and produced ears with full seed set after selfing. The haploid plants induced from PP1-50 diploids also exhibited high pollen fertility. In situ hybridization studies showed that meiocytes in PP1-50 haploid anthers underwent first division restitution at a rate of 48 % and produced equally divided dyads. We designated the genetic factor responsible for this high pollen fertility as fdr1. PP1-50 haploid ears exhibited high levels of sterility, as seen for regular haploids. Diploid PP1-50 meiocytes in the anther underwent normal meiosis, and all selfed progenies were normal diploids. We concluded that the fdr1 phenotype is only expressed in the anthers of haploid plants and not in the anthers of diploid plants. 相似文献75.
76.
Kiso M Ozawa M Le MT Imai H Takahashi K Kakugawa S Noda T Horimoto T Kawaoka Y 《Journal of virology》2011,85(10):4667-4672
Like the histidine-to-tyrosine substitution at position 274 in neuraminidase (NA H274Y), an asparagine-to-serine mutation at position 294 in this protein (NA N294S) confers oseltamivir resistance to highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A viruses. However, unlike viruses with the NA H274Y mutation, the properties of viruses possessing NA N294S are not well understood. Here, we assessed the effect of the NA N294S substitution on the replication and pathogenicity of human H5N1 viruses and on the efficacy of the NA inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir in mouse and ferret models. Although NA N294S-possessing H5N1 viruses were attenuated in mice and ferrets compared to their oseltamivir-sensitive counterparts, one of the infected ferrets died from systemic infection, demonstrating the potential lethality in ferrets of oseltamivir-resistant H5N1 viruses with the NA N294S substitution. The efficacy of oseltamivir, but not that of zanamivir, against an NA N294S-possessing virus was substantially impaired both in ferrets and in vitro. These results demonstrate the considerable pathogenicity of NA N294S substitution-possessing H5N1 viruses and underscore the importance of monitoring the emergence of the NA N294S mutation in circulating H5N1 viruses. 相似文献
77.
78.
Naho Morisaki Mandy B. Belfort Marie C. McCormick Rintaro Mori Hisashi Noma Satoshi Kusuda Masanori Fujimura the Neonatal Research Network of Japan 《PloS one》2014,9(2)
IntroductionWhether parenteral nutrition benefits growth of very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants in the setting of rapid enteral feeding advancement is unclear. Our aim was to examine this issue using data from Japan, where enteral feeding typically advances at a rapid rate.MethodsWe studied 4005 hospitalized VLBW, very preterm (23–32 weeks'' gestation) infants who reached full enteral feeding (100 ml/kg/day) by day 14, from 75 institutions in the Neonatal Research Network Japan (2003–2007). Main outcomes were weight gain, head growth, and extra-uterine growth restriction (EUGR, measurement <10th percentile for postmenstrual age) at discharge.Results40% of infants received parenteral nutrition. Adjusting for maternal, infant, and institutional characteristics, infants who received parenteral nutrition had greater weight gain [0.09 standard deviation (SD), 95% CI: 0.02, 0.16] and head growth (0.16 SD, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.28); lower odds of EUGR by head circumference (OR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.88). No statistically significant difference was seen in the proportion of infants with EUGR at discharge. SGA infants and infants who took more than a week until full feeding had larger estimates.DiscussionEven in infants who are able to establish enteral nutrition within 2 weeks, deprivation of parenteral nutrition in the first weeks of life could lead to under nutrition, but infants who reached full feeding within one week benefit least. It is important to predict which infants are likely or not likely to advance on enteral feedings within a week and balance enteral and parenteral nutrition for these infants. 相似文献
79.
Ryosuke Yamada Naho Taniguchi Tsutomu Tanaka Chiaki Ogino Hideki Fukuda Akihiko Kondo 《Biotechnology for biofuels》2011,4(1):8
Background
Hydrolysis of cellulose requires the action of the cellulolytic enzymes endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase and β-glucosidase. The expression ratios and synergetic effects of these enzymes significantly influence the extent and specific rate of cellulose degradation. In this study, using our previously developed method to optimize cellulase-expression levels in yeast, we constructed a diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain optimized for expression of cellulolytic enzymes, and attempted to improve the cellulose-degradation activity and enable direct ethanol production from rice straw, one of the most abundant sources of lignocellulosic biomass. 相似文献80.
Kurokawa H Kato K Iwanaga T Sugi T Sudo A Kobayashi K Gong H Takemae H Recuenco FC Horimoto T Akashi H 《PloS one》2011,6(7):e22492