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排序方式: 共有415条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
Thompson MD Takasaki J Capra V Rovati GE Siminovitch KA Burnham WM Hudson TJ Bossé Y Cole DE 《Molecular diagnosis & therapy》2006,10(6):353-366
Genetic variation in specific G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) is associated with a spectrum of respiratory disease predispositions and drug response phenotypes. Although certain GPCR gene variants can be disease-causing through the expression of inactive, overactive, or constitutively active receptor proteins, many more GPCR gene variants confer risk for potentially deleterious endophenotypes. Endophenotypes are traits, such as bronchiole hyperactivity, atopy, and aspirin intolerant asthma, which have a strong genetic component and are risk factors for a variety of more complex outcomes that may include disease states. GPCR genes implicated in asthma endophenotypes include variants of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptors (CYSLTR1 and CYSLTR2), and prostaglandin D2 receptors (PTGDR and CRTH2), thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R), beta2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), and the G protein-coupled receptor associated with asthma (GPRA). This review of the contribution of variability in these genes places the contribution of the cysteinyl leukotriene system to respiratory endophenotypes in perspective. The genetic variant(s) of receptors that are associated with endophenotypes are discussed in the context of the extent to which they contribute to a disease phenotype or altered drug efficacy. 相似文献
52.
NAC transcription factors in plant abiotic stress responses 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Nakashima K Takasaki H Mizoi J Shinozaki K Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2012,1819(2):97-103
53.
Takasaki M Honma T Yanaka M Sato K Shinohara N Ito J Tanaka Y Tsuduki T Ikeda I 《The Journal of nutritional biochemistry》2012,23(6):640-645
Lipid metabolism in a child may be altered when the mother has a high-fat diet (HFD), but it is unclear whether the lipid metabolism of future offspring (grandchildren) is also changed under these circumstances. In this study, we examined the influence of intake of an HFD beyond one generation on offspring in normal mice. Parent mice fed an HFD were bred and the resultant second and third generations were also fed an HFD. The diets used in the study had approximately 20% more energy than a standard chow diet. Changes in lipid metabolism were examined in each generation. Intake of an HFD from generation to generation promoted lipid accumulation in the white adipose tissue of female mice, increased lipid, glucose and insulin levels in the serum, increased the activities of enzymes associated with fatty acid metabolism in the liver, promoted lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and adipocytes and increased the mRNA levels of Cdkn1a in the liver and white adipose tissue. These results suggest that activation of Cdkn1a promoted lipid accumulation in the liver and white adipose tissue of third-generation female mice that were offspring from earlier generations fed HFDs. Moreover, intake of a high-energy diet beyond one generation led to offspring with obesity, fatty liver and hyperinsulinemia. 相似文献
54.
Hiroyuki Kawano Shutaro Katsurabayashi Yasuhiro Kakazu Yuta Yamashita Natsuko Kubo Masafumi Kubo Hideto Okuda Kotaro Takasaki Kaori Kubota Kenichi Mishima Michihiro Fujiwara N. Charles Harata Katsunori Iwasaki 《PloS one》2012,7(10)
The astrocyte is a major glial cell type of the brain, and plays key roles in the formation, maturation, stabilization and elimination of synapses. Thus, changes in astrocyte condition and age can influence information processing at synapses. However, whether and how aging astrocytes affect synaptic function and maturation have not yet been thoroughly investigated. Here, we show the effects of prolonged culture on the ability of astrocytes to induce synapse formation and to modify synaptic transmission, using cultured autaptic neurons. By 9 weeks in culture, astrocytes derived from the mouse cerebral cortex demonstrated increases in β-galactosidase activity and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, both of which are characteristic of aging and glial activation in vitro. Autaptic hippocampal neurons plated on these aging astrocytes showed a smaller amount of evoked release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, and a lower frequency of miniature release of glutamate, both of which were attributable to a reduction in the pool of readily releasable synaptic vesicles. Other features of synaptogenesis and synaptic transmission were retained, for example the ability to induce structural synapses, the presynaptic release probability, the fraction of functional presynaptic nerve terminals, and the ability to recruit functional AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors to synapses. Thus the presence of aging astrocytes affects the efficiency of synaptic transmission. Given that the pool of readily releasable vesicles is also small at immature synapses, our results are consistent with astrocytic aging leading to retarded synapse maturation. 相似文献
55.
56.
Takemitsu Mizunaga Tadahiro Oshida Akiko Takasaki Yoshiharu Maruyama 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(6):1445-1450
To find the function of the mannan chains covalently attached to yeast repressible acid phosphatase, the N-glycosidic carbohydrate chains were removed by endo-β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase H under native conditions. Almost all of the N-glycosidic mannan chains were cleaved off by the glycosidase. The deglycosylated enzyme was shown to be a dimer structure as is the native enzyme. The deglycosylated enzyme retained enzyme activity, the same Km, and the same circular dichroism spectra as the native enzyme. These results indicate that the carbohydrate chains are not essential for maintaining the active enzyme structure, but the deglycosylated enzyme was shown to be more sensitive to acidic pH and high temperature. 相似文献
57.
Takasaki Takeshi Hatakeyama Katsunori Watanabe Masao Toriyama Kinya Isogai Akira Hinata Kokichi 《Plant molecular biology》1999,40(4):659-668
Self-incompatibility (SI) in Brassicaceae is genetically controlled by the S locus complex in which S locus glycoprotein (SLG) and S receptor kinase (SRK) genes have been identified, and these two genes encoding stigma proteins are believed to play important roles in SI recognition reaction. Here we introduced the SLG43 gene of Brassica rapa into a self-incompatible cultivar, Osome, of B. rapa, and examined the effect of this transgene on the SI behavior of the transgenic plants. Preliminary pollination experiments demonstrated that Osome carried S52 and S60, and both were codominant in stigma, but S52 was dominant to S60 in pollen. S43 was found to be recessive to S52 and codominant with S60 in stigma. The nucleotide sequence of SLG43 was more similar to that of SLG52 (87.8% identity) than to that of SLG60 (74.8% identity). Three of the ten primary transformants (designated No. 1 to No. 10) were either completely (No. 9) or partially (No. 6 and No. 7) self-compatible; the SI phenotype of the stigma was changed from S52S60 to S60, but the SI phenotype of the pollen was not altered. In these three plants, the mRNA and protein levels of both SLG43 and SLG52 were reduced, whereas those of SLG60 were not. All the plants in the selfed progeny of No. 9 and No. 6 regained SI and they produced a normal level of SLG52. These results suggest that the alteration of the SI phenotype of the stigma in the transformants Nos. 6, 7, and 9 was the result of specific co-suppression between the SLG43 transgene and the endogenous SLG52 gene. Three of the transformants (Nos. 5, 8 and 10) produced SLG43 protein, but their SI phenotype was not altered. The S60 homozygotes in the selfed progeny of No. 10 which produced the highest level of SLG43 were studied because S43 was codominant with S60 in the stigma. They produced SLG43 at approximately the same level as did S43S60 heterozygotes, but did not show S43 haplotype specificity at the stigma side. We conclude that SLG is necessary for the expression of the S haplotype specificity in the stigma but the introduction of SLG alone is not sufficient for conferring a novel S haplotype specificity to the stigma. 相似文献
58.
S Hayashi S Sako H Yokoi Y Takasaki K Imada 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1999,22(3):160-163
β-Glucosidase hydrolyzing cellobiose was extracted from Aureobasidium sp ATCC 20524 and purified to homogeneity. The molecular mass was estimated to be about 331 kDa. The enzyme contained 26.5%
(w/w) carbohydrate. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme reaction were pH 4 and 80°C, respectively. The enzyme was
stable at a wide range of pH, 2.2–9.8, after 3 h and at 75°C for 15 min. The kinetic parameters were determined. The enzyme
was relatively stable against typical organic enzyme inhibitors. The enzyme also hydrolyzed gentiobiose, p-nitrophenyl-β-glucoside and salicin.
Received 05 November 1998/ Accepted in revised form 14 February 1999 相似文献
59.
Takatoshi Soga Takahide Ohishi Tetsuo Matsui Tetsu Saito Mitsuyuki Matsumoto Jun Takasaki Shun-ichiro Matsumoto Masazumi Kamohara Hideki Hiyama Shigeru Yoshida Kazuhiro Momose Yoshitaka Ueda Hitoshi Matsushime Masato Kobori Kiyoshi Furuichi 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2005,329(1):417
60.
Combined intervention of exercise and genistein prevented androgen deficiency-induced bone loss in mice. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Jian Wu Xin Xiang Wang Hiroshige Chiba Mitsuru Higuchi Misao Takasaki Atsutane Ohta Yoshiko Ishimi 《Journal of applied physiology》2003,94(1):335-342
There is evidence that estrogen plays an important role in skeletal tissue in males as well as females. We have reported that phytoestrogens, such as genistein, selectively act on bone and exhibit cooperative effects on bone mass when combined with exercise in ovariectomized mice. In this study, we examined whether both interventions exhibit cooperative effects on bone loss in androgen-deficient mice similar to those in estrogen-deficient mice. Male mice aged 7 wk were either sham operated or orchidectomized (ORX) and divided into six groups: 1) sham; 2) ORX; 3) ORX and treated with genistein (0.4 mg/day) subcutaneously; 4) ORX, exercised on a treadmill daily for 30 min/day at 12 m/min; 5) ORX, given genistein, and exercised (ORX+ExG); and 6) ORX and treated with 17beta-estradiol (E(2)). Four weeks after the intervention, seminal vesicle weight strikingly decreased in ORX mice, and it was not affected by administration of genistein or E(2). Bone mineral density of whole femur was significantly reduced by ORX, and bone loss was prevented by the combined intervention. Histomorphometric analysis showed that bone volume and trabecular thickness in the distal femoral cancellous bone were significantly lower in the ORX group than in the Sham group, and they were completely restored in the ORX+ExG group, as in the ORX with E(2) group. These results indicate that the combined intervention of moderate exercise and a low dose of genistein administration shows an additive effect in preventing bone loss in ORX mice similar to that in ovariectomized mice. 相似文献