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41.
Large-scale validation of a simple latex agglutination test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis is described. Soluble antigens extracted from a non-pathogenic saprophytic mycobacterium, Mycobacterium w, which shares antigenic determinants with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, were covalently linked to carboxylated polystyrene latex beads. Batch to batch reproducibility of coated latex was ensured. Latex reagents were standardized to overcome non-specific agglutination. Reagents of the test are stable for 1 year at 4 degrees C. A total of 1,058 serum samples of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients or patients with other pulmonary diseases and healthy controls living in endemic areas were tested. Sensitivity of 94% for pulmonary tuberculosis and 87% for extrapulmonary tuberculosis was obtained. Specificity is 92.2% for healthy controls and patients with other respiratory diseases. We conclude that the latex agglutination test can be utilized for mass screening for both pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis where diagnosis by existing methods is much more difficult. 相似文献
42.
Reddy GS Raghavan PU Sarita NB Prakash JS Nagesh N Delille D Shivaji S 《Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions》2003,7(1):55-61
Eleven psychrophilic bacteria were isolated from a solid layer of fast ice in the middle of Pointe-Geologie Archipelago, Adelie Land, Antarctica. The 11 isolates based on the phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis have been identified as members of the genus Halomonas. All the isolates at the 16S rDNA sequence level were identical, possessed the 15 conserved nucleotides of the family Halomonadaceae and four nucleotides of the genus Halomonas. Therefore, the 16S rDNA sequence of DD 39 was used for calculating the evolutionary distances and for phylogenetic analysis. It was observed that DD 39 formed a robust cluster with H. variabilis, from which it differed by 0.7%. Further DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated low DNA-DNA homology (15%) between H. variabilis and DD 39. Between the 11 Antarctic isolates the homology was >85%. In addition it was observed that DD 39 was different from H. variabilis in that it was psychrophilic, could tolerate only up to 15% sodium chloride, could not hydrolyse esculin, could not reduce nitrate, was urease negative, could not utilize glycerol as a carbon source, and was resistant to ampicillin and erythromycin and sensitive to nalidixic acid. In addition, it also exhibited distinct differences with respect to high content of C(16:1) and low levels of cyclo-C(17:0) and cyclo-C(19:0). DD 39 also differed from all the other reported species of Halomonas with respect to many phenotypic characteristics. It is proposed therefore that DD 39 should be placed in the genus Halomonas as a new species that is Halomonas glaciei. The type strain of H. glaciei is DD 39(T) (MTCC 4321; JCM 11692). 相似文献
43.
Ravi Pathiyil Shankar Praveen Partha Nagesh Kumar Shenoy Maducolil Joshy Easow Kottallur Narayanan Brahmadathan 《Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials》2003,2(1):1-9
Background
Information about antibiotic use and resistance patterns of common microorganisms are lacking in hospitals in Western Nepal. Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to the development of bacterial resistance. The parameter: Defined daily dose/100 bed-days, provides an estimate of consumption of drugs among hospital in-patients. This study was carried out to collect relevant demographic information, antibiotic prescribing patterns and the common organisms isolated including their antibiotic sensitivity patterns.Methods
The study was carried out over a 3-month period (01.04.2002 to 30.06.2002) at the Manipal Teaching Hospital, Western Nepal. The median number of days of hospitalization and mean ± SD cost of antibiotics prescribed during hospital stay were calculated. The use of antibiotics was classified for prophylaxis, bacteriologically proven infection or non-bacteriologically proven infection. Sensitivity patterns of the common organisms were determined. Defined daily dose/100 bed-days of the ten most commonly prescribed antibiotics were calculated.Results
203 patients were prescribed antibiotics; 112 were male. Median duration of hospitalization was 5 days. 347 antibiotics were prescribed. The most common were ampicillin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin and benzylpenicillin. Mean ± SD cost of antibiotics was 16.5 ± 13.4 US$. Culture and sensitivity testing was carried out in 141 patients. The common organisms isolated were H. influenzae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus.Conclusions
Antibiotic resistance is becoming a problem in the Internal Medicine ward. Formulation of a policy for hospital antibiotic use and an educational programme especially for junior doctors is required. 相似文献44.
Cynthia B. Rothschild Gita Akots Rosa Hayworth Mark J. Pettenati P. Nagesh Rao Patricia Wood Frank-Michael Stolz Ingo Hansmann Kristina Serino Tim P. Keith Stefan S. Fajans Donald W. Bowden 《American journal of human genetics》1993,52(1):110-123
Multiple highly polymorphic markers have been used to construct a genetic map of the q12-q13.1 region of chromosome 20 and to map the location of the maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) locus. The genetic map encompasses 23 cM and includes 11 loci with PIC values >.50, seven of which have PICs >.70. New dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms associated with the D20S17, PPGB, and ADA loci have been identified and mapped. The dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms have increased the PIC of the ADA locus to .89 and, with an additional RFLP at the D20S17 locus, the PIC of the D20S17 locus to .88. The order of the D20S17 and ADA loci determined genetically (cen–ADA–D20S17–qter) was confirmed by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization. The previously unmapped PPGB marker is closely linked to D20S17, with a two-point lod score of 50.53 at [unk] = .005. These markers and dinucleotide repeat markers associated with the D20S43, D20S46, D20S55, D20S75, and PLC1 loci and RFLPs at the D20S16, D20S17, D20S22, and D20S33 have been used to map the MODY locus on chromosome 20 to a 13-cM (sex averaged) interval encompassing ADA, D20S17, PPGB, D20S16, and D20S75 on the long arm of chromosome 20 and to create a genetic framework for additional genetic and physical mapping studies of the region. With these multiple highly polymorphic loci, any MODY family of appropriate size can be tested for the chromosome 20 linkage. 相似文献
45.
The present experiments were carried out to further elucidate the mechanism by which dopamine mediates the actions of Y-aminobutyric
acid on prolactin release from anterior pituitary following its intraventricular injection in overiectomized conscious rats,
Y-Aminobutyric acid significantly suppressed the prolactin levels at 0.1 Μmol concentration while at 4 Μmol dose, the level
was elevated. The activity of tyrosine hydroxylase was increased significantly in the anterior pituitary at the lower dose
while the higher concentration of Y-aminobutyric acid did not bring about any change in the activity both in the hypothalamus
and the anterior pituitary. The results presented suggest that intracellular dopamine in the anterior pituitary may directly
inhibit prolactin release; the plasma prolactin level is elevated by Y-aminobutyric acid, by way of either inhibiting dopaminergic
tone or possible stimulation of a physiological prolactin releasin g hormone. 相似文献
46.
Genetic locus encoding functions involved in biosynthesis and outer membrane localization of xanthomonadin in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae 下载免费PDF全文
Xanthomonadins are membrane-bound, brominated, aryl-polyene pigments specific to the genus Xanthomonas. We have characterized a genetic locus (pig) from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae which contains four open reading frames (ORFs) that are essential for xanthomonadin production. Three of these ORFs are homologous to acyl carrier proteins, dehydratases, and acyl transferases, suggesting a type II polyketide synthase pathway for xanthomonadin biosynthesis. The fourth ORF has no homologue in the database. For the first time, we report that a putative cytoplasmic membrane protein encoded in the pig locus is required for outer membrane localization of xanthomonadin in X. oryzae pv. oryzae. We also report the identification of a novel 145-bp palindromic Xanthomonas repetitive intergenic consensus element that is present in two places in the pig locus. We estimate that more than 100 copies of this element might be present in the genome of X. oryzae pv. oryzae and other xanthomonads. 相似文献
47.
48.
Rao RN Kumar KN Ramakrishna S 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》2011,879(21):1911-1916
A simple and rapid reverse polar ionic LC method was developed and validated for simultaneous separation and determination of mirtazapine, an antidepressant drug, and its main metabolite N-desmethyl mirtazapine using fluorescence and polarimetric detectors connected in series. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Chirobiotic V column packed with vancomycin as a stationary phase in an isocratic mode of elution of methanol:glacial acetic acid:anhydrous triethyl amine (100:0.2:0.1, v/v/v) as a mobile phase. The compounds were detected by their excitation at 290nm and emission at 370nm using fluorescence detector while the optical rotation (+/-) of the enantiomers was identified by polarimetric detector. The analytes were extracted from rat plasma by precipitation of proteins and the average yield was 88-111% for mirtazapine and 85-123% for N-desmethyl mirtazapine. The method was linear over the concentration range of 20-5000ng/mL. The method was successfully applied on rat plasma spiked with the enantiomers of mirtazapine and N-desmethyl mirtazapine. 相似文献
49.
Nagesh Peddada Amin Sagar Yogendra S. Rathore Vikas Choudhary U. Bharat K. Pattnaik Neeraj Khatri Renu Garg Ashish 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2013,288(39):28266-28282
Because of its ability to rapidly depolymerize F-actin, plasma gelsolin has emerged as a therapeutic molecule in different disease conditions. High amounts of exogenous gelsolin are, however, required to treat animal models of different diseases. Knowing that the F-actin depolymerizing property of gelsolin resides in its N terminus, we made several truncated versions of plasma gelsolin. The smaller versions, particularly the one composed of the first 28–161 residues, depolymerized the F-actin much faster than the native gelsolin and other truncates at the same molar ratios. Although G1-G3 loses its dependence on Ca2+ or low pH for the actin depolymerization function, interestingly, G1-G2 and its smaller versions were found to regain this requirement. Small angle x-ray scattering-based shape reconstructions revealed that G1-G3 adopts an open shape in both the presence and the absence of Ca2+ as well as low pH, whereas G1-G2 and residues 28–161 prefer collapsed states in Ca2+-free conditions at pH 8. The mutations in the g2-g3 linker resulted in the calcium sensitivity of the mutant G1-G3 for F-actin depolymerization activity, although the F-actin-binding sites remained exposed in the mutant G1-G3 as well as in the smaller truncates even in the Ca2+-free conditions at pH 8. Furthermore, unlike wild type G1-G3, calcium-sensitive mutants of G1-G3 acquired closed shapes in the absence of free calcium, implying a role of g2-g3 linker in determining the open F-actin depolymerizing-competent shape of G1-G3 in this condition. We demonstrate that the mobility of the G1 domain, essential for F-actin depolymerization, is indirectly regulated by the gelsolin-like sequence of g2-g3 linker. 相似文献
50.
Garg R Peddada N Sagar A Nihalani D Ashish 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2011,286(23):20387-20397
Gelsolin is a key actin cytoskeleton-modulating protein primarily regulated by calcium and phosphoinositides. In addition, low pH has also been suggested to activate gelsolin in the absence of Ca2+ ions, although no structural insight on this pathway is available except for a reported decrement in its diffusion coefficient at low pH. We also observed ∼1.6-fold decrease in the molecular mobility of recombinant gelsolin when buffer pH was lowered from 9 to 5. Analysis of the small angle x-ray scattering data collected over the same pH range indicated that the radius of gyration and maximum linear dimension of gelsolin molecules increased from 30.3 to 34.1 Å and from 100 to 125 Å, respectively. Models generated for each dataset indicated that similar to the Ca2+-induced process, low pH also promotes unwinding of this six-domain protein but only partially. It appeared that pH is able to induce extension of the G1 domain from the rest of the five domains, whereas the Ca2+-sensitive latch between G2 and G6 domains remains closed. Interestingly, increasing the free Ca2+ level to merely ∼40 nm, the partially open pH 5 shape “sprung open” to a shape seen earlier for this protein at pH 8 and 1 mm free Ca2+. Also, pH alone could induce a shape where the g3-g4 linker of gelsolin was open when we truncated the C-tail latch from this protein. Our results provide insight into how under physiological conditions, a drop in pH can fully activate the F-actin-severing shape of gelsolin with micromolar levels of Ca2+ available. 相似文献