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51.
The plasma was produced by focusing Nd:YAG laser pulses of 1064 nm wavelength on to a copper target at laser fluences of 5.35, 6.95, and 9.33 J/cm2. An ion collector placed along the target surface normal was used to record the time-of-flight (TOF) ion signal during plasma expansion in vacuum. The TOF ion pulses were deconvoluted using the Coulomb-Boltzmann-shifted function to estimate the available Cu ion charge states, equivalent plasma ion temperature, and accelerating potential in the nonequilibrium plasma. The maximum available ion charge state, equivalent plasma ion temperature, and accelerating potential are found to increase with laser fluence. In the local thermal equilibrium conditions, the accelerating potential can be supposed to apply across a distance of the order of the Debye length. The Debye length and, hence, the electric field in the laser produced plasma at three laser fluences values were estimated. The electric field was in the range of 1 MV/cm and increased with laser fluence. In the laser fluence range used in this work, the sum of thermal and adiabatic energy of the ion was slightly higher than its Coulomb energy. 相似文献
52.
Some species of the genus Ochradenus are difficult to identify based on morphological markers. Similar limitations are found for biochemical markers. We developed genetic markers based on DNA sequences for Ochradenus arabicus, which is an endemic plant to Saudi Arabia, locally utilized as a medicinal shrub. The internal transcribed spacer sequence of nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast (rpoB and rpoC1) markers were more informative than other chloroplast DNA markers. Based on these markers, we were able to discriminate this species from another species of the same genus (O. baccatus) that is widely distributed in Saudi Arabia, despite a high degree of morphological similarity. These genetic markers facilitate its identification, even when acquired in a dried state from local markets. 相似文献
53.
Ahmad Ali Muhammad Abdullah Masroor Ellahi Babar Khalid Javed Asif Nadeem 《Journal of genetics》2008,87(3):219-227
An investigation to understand the dynamics and biological significance of fragile site expression, and identification of
5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) induced chromosomal gaps/breaks, were carried out in an experimental flock of 45 Suffolk sheep.
The statistical comparison revealed, highly significant variation in the frequency of chromosomal fragile site expression
between control and FUdR cultures. Mean (± S.D.) values for cells with gaps and breaks, or aberrant cell count (AC), and the
number of aberrations (NoA) per animal were 2.02 ± 0.34, 2.42 ± 0.48, 13.26 ± 0.85 and 21.87 ± 1.88 (P < 0.01) in control and FUdR cultures, respectively. The comparison of age revealed nonsignificant variation between control
and FUdR cultures. The G-band analysis of fragile site data revealed gaps in 29 autosomal and two X-chromosomal bands in the
control cultures, whereas FUdR treated cultures scored 78 unstable bands in autosomes of which 56 were significantly fragile.
X-chromosomes expressed breaks and gaps in six G-negative bands and five of them (Xq13, Xq15, Xq17, Xq24 and Xq26) were significantly
fragile. The distribution comparison of autosomal fragile sites between sex groups did not reveal any significant variation.
Female X-chromosomes were significantly more fragile than the male X-chromosomes. The distribution comparison for age groups
(lambs versus adults) revealed significantly higher number of fragile bands in adults. Comparison of published data on reciprocal
translocations in sheep with the fragile-site data obtained in this study indicated that the break sites of both phenomena
were correlated. Similarities were also found between fragile sites and breakpoints of evolutionary significance in family
Bovidae. 相似文献
54.
A.Khan MasoodS.M Faisal M.Khan MushahidA Nadeem M.U SiddiquiM Owais 《生物化学与生物物理学报:生物膜》2002,1564(1):219-226
In the present study, we demonstrated the suitability of liposomes as a method of removing plasma bilirubin in hyperbilirubinemic rats. The liposomes have innate tendency to bind with bilirubin through hydrophobic interaction. Among different types of liposomes, the positively charged liposomes were found to have maximum affinity to free bilirubin. However, the entrapment or coupling of serum albumin on the surface of egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes can render a several-fold increase in their bilirubin binding capacity. The proteoliposomes were able to preferentially bind with bilirubin even in the presence of erythrocytes. Interestingly, these liposomes were found to displace bilirubin bound on the surface of erythrocytes as well. The results of the present study further demonstrate that albumin-bearing liposomes were equally effective in removing plasma bilirubin in experimental jaundiced animals. These observations indicate that liposome-mediated selective homing of excess plasma bilirubin to the liver cells (cf. hepatocytes) may help in the development of safer strategy for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemic conditions in the model animals. 相似文献
55.
Hemant Pandey Shyamal K. Nandi Bhuwan Chandra Mohammad Nadeem Lok Man S. Palni 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2001,23(4):467-474
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle, an important alpine herb, is the source of highly valued podophyllotoxin. The effect of some plant growth substances
(GA3, BAP & ABA), uniconazole (an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis), and a combination of GA3 and uniconazole were examined in respect to influence on sprouting in rhizomes of P. hexandrum and on induction of flowering at a lower altitude. Amongst the various chemicals tested, GA3 had a marked effect resulting in uniform sprouting and also induced flowering in about half of the treated rhizomes. While
BAP also promoted early sprouting, delayed sprouting was seen in rhizomes treated with ABA. Uniconazole treatment, either
alone or with GA3 was found to inhibit flowering and also resulted in reduced plant height. GA3 treatment of rhizomes from plants that was maintained for up to 30 months at a lower altitude also induced flowering thus
replacing the normal chilling requirement of plants. These results suggest that treatment of GA3 could be effectively used for inducing uniform sprouting and flowering in rhizomes of P. hexandrum grown at lower altitudes. 相似文献
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57.
Khuram Shahzad Abdul Hai Nadeem Kizilbash Jawaria Ambreen Jamal Alruwaili 《Bioinformation》2013,9(9):471-476
DNA γ is approximately half of the size of Begomovirus DNA. It encodes a γC1 gene that is conserved in position and size. This
gene has the capacity to encode a 13 to 14 kDa protein comprising 118 amino acid residues. It has been shown earlier that γC1
protein is necessary for inducing symptoms of cotton leaf curl disease. The structure for γC1 (CLCuDγ01-Pakistan) is still
unknown. Therefore, a model of γC1 (CLCuDγ01-Pakistan) was developed using DoBo and I-TASSER servers followed by
validation by PROCHECK and VERIFY 3D servers. The developed model provides an insight in a role for this multifunctional
protein in causing Cotton Leaf Curl Disease (CLCuD). A possible function of this protein might be the suppression of RNAsilencing
in cotton plants. 相似文献
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59.
Glucocorticoids modulate multidrug resistance transporters in the first trimester human placenta
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Phetcharawan Lye Enrrico Bloise Lubna Nadeem William Gibb Stephen J. Lye Stephen G. Matthews 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2018,22(7):3652-3660
The placental multidrug transporters, P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp, encoded by ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) protect the foetus from exposure to maternally derived glucocorticoids, toxins and xenobiotics. During pregnancy, maternal glucocorticoid levels can be elevated by stress or exogenous administration. We hypothesized that glucocorticoids modulate the expression of ABCB1/P‐gp and ABCG2/BCRP in the first trimester human placenta. Our objective was to examine whether dexamethasone (DEX) or cortisol modulate first trimester placental expression of multidrug transporters and determine whether cytotrophoblasts or the syncytiotrophoblast are/is responsible for mediating these effects. Three models were examined: (i) an ex‐vivo model of placental villous explants (7‐10 weeks), (ii) a model of isolated first trimester syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cells and (iii) the BeWo immortalized trophoblast cell line model. These cells/tissues were treated with DEX or cortisol for 24 hour to 72 hour. In first trimester placental explants, DEX (48 hour) increased ABCB1 (P < .001) and ABCG2 (P < .05) mRNA levels, whereas cortisol (48 hour) only increased ABCB1 mRNA levels (P < .01). Dexamethasone (P < .05) and cortisol (P < .01) increased BCRP but did not affect P‐gp protein levels. Breast cancer resistance protein expression was primarily confined to syncytiotrophoblasts. BeWo cells, when syncytialized with forskolin, increased expression of BCRP protein, and this was further augmented by DEX (P < .05). Our data suggest that the protective barrier provided by BCRP increases as cytotrophoblasts fuse to form the syncytiotrophoblast. Increase in glucocorticoid levels during the first trimester may reduce embryo/foetal exposure to clinically relevant BCRP substrates, because of an increase in placental BCRP. 相似文献
60.
Fahad Al-Qurainy Mohammad Nadeem Salim Khan Saleh Alansi Mohamed Tarroum Abdulhafed A. Al-Ameri Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar Aref Alshameri 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2018,25(1):111-116
Reseda pentagyna is the only endemic species among the seven species of the genera Reseda found in Saudi Arabia. Probably no information is available on regeneration by conventional method of regeneration through seeds or cuttings. Therefore, alternative method of tissue culture was attempted to regenerate and multiply the plant. High shoot regeneration (14.44 shoots/explant) was obtained after four weeks, when shoot cuttings cultured on MS containing BA at 1.0 µM. Other cytokinins e.g., Kn, 2iP and TDZ found to be less effective in bud induction and shoot multiplication. Individual shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with various auxins at 0.5–5.0 µM concentrations. The IBA (1.5 µM) supplemented MS media induced maximum (83.3%) rooting. The plantlets were acclimatized and hardened under greenhouse conditions in plastic pots containing soil and farm yard manure with 95.0% success. The protocol developed would help to multiply the plant as well as conserve them in natural habitat. This can also be utilized to obtain active constituents for pharmaceutics and genetic manipulations. 相似文献