This work aimed to investigate, for the first time, the chemical composition, antioxidant, antiparasitic, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activities of the aromatic plant
Limonium oleifolium Mill. essential oil (EO) and organic extracts.
L. oleifolium aerial parts essential oil was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS, and 46 constituents representing 98.25±1.12 % of the oil were identified. γ-Muurolene (10.81±0.07 %),
cis-caryophyllene (7.71±0.06 %), o-cymene (7.07±0.01 %) and α-copaene (5.02±0.05 %) were the essential oil main compounds. The antioxidant activity of
L. oleifolium EO and organic extracts (MeOH, CHCl
3, AcOEt, BuOH) was explored using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS, β-carotene/linoleic acid, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing power assays. The results showed that
L. oleifolium EO exhibit antioxidant capacity (IC
50=17.40±1.32 μg/mL for DPPH assay, IC
50=29.82±1.08 μg/mL for β-carotene assay, IC
50=25.23±1.01 μg/mL for ABTS assay, IC
50=9.11±0.08 μg/mL for CUPRAC assay and IC
50=19.41±2.06 mg/mL for reducing power assay). Additionally, the EO showed significant activity against trophozoite form of
Acanthamoeba castellanii (IC
50=7.48±0.41 μg/mL) and promastigote form of
Leishmania amazonensis (IC
50=19.36±1.06 μg/mL) and low cytotoxicity on murine macrophages (LC
50 90.23±1.09 μg/mL), as well as good antimicrobial activity against
Staphylococcus aureus,
Escherichia coli,
Klebsiella oxytoca, and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These results suggest that
L. oleifolium essential oil is a valuable source of bioactive compounds presenting antioxidant, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial activities. Furthermore, it is considered nontoxic.
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