全文获取类型
收费全文 | 183篇 |
免费 | 12篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 10篇 |
2013年 | 27篇 |
2012年 | 14篇 |
2011年 | 13篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 8篇 |
2008年 | 8篇 |
2007年 | 7篇 |
2006年 | 8篇 |
2005年 | 10篇 |
2004年 | 6篇 |
2003年 | 5篇 |
2002年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有195条查询结果,搜索用时 125 毫秒
11.
Contrasting rates of evolution in Pm3 loci from three wheat species and rice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Genetics》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
The Pm3 gene from wheat confers resistance against powdery mildew and recent studies have shown that it is a member of a multigene family in the wheat genome. We compared genomic sequences ranging from 178 to 332 kb containing six Pm3-like genes and five gene fragments from orthologous loci in the A genome of wheat at three different ploidy levels. We found that the wheat Pm3 loci display an extremely dynamic evolution where sequence conservation is minimal between species and basically limited to very short sequences containing the genetic markers that define the orthology. The Pm3-like genes and their up- and downstream regions were reshuffled by multiple rearrangements, resulting in a complex mosaic of conserved and unique sequences. Comparison with rice showed that the known wheat Pm3-like genes represent only one branch of a large superfamily with several clusters in rice and suggests the presence of additional similar genes in the wheat genome. Estimates of divergence times and transposable-element insertions indicate that the Pm3 locus in wheat has undergone more drastic changes in its recent evolution than its counterpart in rice. This indicates that loci containing homologous resistance gene analogs can evolve at highly variable speeds in different species. 相似文献
12.
Comparative RFLP mapping has revealed extensive conservation of marker order in different grass genomes. However, microcolinearity studies at the sequence level have shown rapid genome evolution and many exceptions to colinearity. Most of these studies have focused on a limited size of genomic fragment and the extent of microcolinearity over large distances or across entire genomes remains poorly characterized in grasses. Here, we have investigated the microcolinearity between the rice genome and a total of 1,500 kb from physical BAC contigs on wheat chromosome 1AS. Using ESTs mapped in wheat chromosome bins as an additional source of physical data, we have identified 27 conserved orthologous sequences between wheat chromosome 1AS and a region of 1,210 kb located on rice chromosome 5S. Our results extend the orthology described earlier between wheat chromosome group 1S and rice chromosome 5S. Microcolinearity was found to be frequently disrupted by rearrangements which must have occurred after the divergence of wheat and rice. At the Lr10 orthologous loci, microrearrangements were due to the insertion of mobile elements, but also originated from gene movement, amplification, deletion and inversion. These mechanisms of genome evolution are at the origin of the mosaic conservation observed between the orthologous regions. Finally, in silico mapping of wheat genes identified an intragenomic colinearity between fragments from rice chromosome 1L and 5S, suggesting an ancestral segmental duplication in rice.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 相似文献
13.
Rapid genome divergence at orthologous low molecular weight glutenin loci of the A and Am genomes of wheat 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《The Plant cell》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Wicker T Yahiaoui N Guyot R Schlagenhauf E Liu ZD Dubcovsky J Keller B 《The Plant cell》2003,15(5):1186-1197
To study genome evolution in wheat, we have sequenced and compared two large physical contigs of 285 and 142 kb covering orthologous low molecular weight (LMW) glutenin loci on chromosome 1AS of a diploid wheat species (Triticum monococcum subsp monococcum) and a tetraploid wheat species (Triticum turgidum subsp durum). Sequence conservation between the two species was restricted to small regions containing the orthologous LMW glutenin genes, whereas >90% of the compared sequences were not conserved. Dramatic sequence rearrangements occurred in the regions rich in repetitive elements. Dating of long terminal repeat retrotransposon insertions revealed different insertion events occurring during the last 5.5 million years in both species. These insertions are partially responsible for the lack of homology between the intergenic regions. In addition, the gene space was conserved only partially, because different predicted genes were identified on both contigs. Duplications and deletions of large fragments that might be attributable to illegitimate recombination also have contributed to the differentiation of this region in both species. The striking differences in the intergenic landscape between the A and A(m) genomes that diverged 1 to 3 million years ago provide evidence for a dynamic and rapid genome evolution in wheat species. 相似文献
14.
A novel aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase in higher plants: molecular cloning and expression 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Goffner Deborah Van Doorsselaere Jan Yahiaoui Nabila Samaj Josef Grima-Pettenati Jacqueline Boudet Alain M. 《Plant molecular biology》1998,36(5):755-765
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD; EC 1.1.195) catalyses the conversion of p-hydroxy-cinnamaldehydes to the corresponding alcohols and is considered a key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis. In a previous study, an atypical form of CAD (CAD 1) was identified in Eucalyptus gunnii [12]. We report here the molecular cloning and characterization of the corresponding cDNA, CAD 1-5, which encodes this novel aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase. The identity of CAD 1-5 was unambiguously confirmed by sequence comparison of the cDNA with peptide sequences derived from purified CAD 1 protein and by functional expression of CAD 1 recombinant protein in Escherichia coli. Both native and recombinant CAD 1 exhibit high affinity towards lignin precursors including 4-coumaraldehyde and coniferaldehyde, but they do not accept sinapaldehyde. Moreover, recombinant CAD 1 can also utilize a wide range of aromatic substrates including unsubstituted and substituted benzaldehydes. The open reading frame of CAD 1-5 encodes a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 35790 Da and an isoelectric point of 8.1. Although sequence comparisons with proteins in databases revealed significant similarities with dihydroflavonol-4-reductases (DFR; EC 1.1.1.219) from a wide range of plant species, the most striking similarity was found with cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR; EC 1.2.1.44), the enzyme which directly precedes CAD in the lignin biosynthetic pathway. RNA blot analysis and immunolocalization experiments indicated that CAD 1 is expressed in both lignified and unlignified tissues/cells. Based on the catalytic activity of CAD 1 in vitro and its localization in planta, CAD 1 may function as an alternative enzyme in the lignin biosynthetic pathway. However, additional roles in phenolic metabolism are not excluded. 相似文献
15.
Amira Moussa Jihène Rejeb Asma Omezzine Lamia Rebhi Imen Boumaiza Slim Kacem Nabila Ben Rejeb Essia Boughzala Ahmed Ben Abdelaziz Ali Bouslama 《Biochemical genetics》2014,52(5-6):269-282
Haptoglobin (Hp) polymorphism generates three common human genotypes (Hp1-1, Hp2-1, and Hp2-2), having functional differences, related to the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases. These functions are a consequence of hemoglobin binding that leads to the synthesis of an antioxidant like ferritin. We explored the association of Hp polymorphism with significant coronary stenosis (SCS) and its severity within 400 Tunisian patients, using genotyping, biochemical parameters, and the Gensini score. After adjustments for age and gender, Hp2-2 was associated with the highest ferritin but the lowest Hp concentrations. After adjustments for confounding parameters, the OR of SCS associated with Hp2-2 was 1.74 (95% CI 1.18–2.58; p = 0.005). This effect was enhanced within diabetics (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.11–3.24; p = 0.018), obese subjects (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.10–4.86; p = 0.034), and smokers (OR 4.17, 95% CI 1.54–1.29; p = 0.005). The Hp2-2 genotype is associated with an increase in SCS especially in diabetics, the obese, and smokers. 相似文献
16.
17.
Vinpocetine is a widely used drug for the treatment of cerebrovascular and memory disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vinpocetine on the acute hepatic injury caused in the rat by the administration of CCl4 in vivo. Vinpocetine (2.1, 4.2, 8.4 mg/kg) or silymarin (30 mg/kg) was given once daily orally simultaneously with CCl4 and for 15 days thereafter. Liver damage was assessed by determining serum enzyme activities and hepatic histopathology. Stained sections were subjected to morphometric evaluation using computerized image analyzer. The results showed that vinpocetine administered to CCl4-treated rats decreased the elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by 49.3, 58.1 and 63.6%, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 10.5, 22.6 and 27.2% and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 52.5, 59.6 and 64.9%, respectively, and in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, silymarin reduced elevated ALT, AST and ALP levels by 53.1, 26.9 and 66%, respectively. Histological examination of liver specimens revealed a marked reduction in liver cell necrosis in vinpocetine and silymarin-treated rats compared with vehicle-treated CCl4-treated rats. Quantitative analysis of the area of damage showed 85.3% reduction in the area of damage after silymarin and 72.2, 78.9 and 82.6% reduction after vinpocetine treatment at 2.1, 4.2, 8.4 mg/kg, respectively. It is concluded that administration of vinpocetine in a model of CCl4-induced liver injury in rats reduced liver damage. The reduction obtained by 4.2 mg/kg of vinpocetine was similar to that obtained by 30 mg/kg silymarin. Therefore, it is suggested that vinpocetine might be a good pharmacological agent in the treatment of liver disease besides its neuroprotective effects. 相似文献
18.
Evolution and functional characterization of the RH50 gene from the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of bacteriology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Cherif-Zahar B Durand A Schmidt I Hamdaoui N Matic I Merrick M Matassi G 《Journal of bacteriology》2007,189(24):9090-9100
The family of ammonia and ammonium channel proteins comprises the Amt proteins, which are present in all three domains of life with the notable exception of vertebrates, and the homologous Rh proteins (Rh50 and Rh30) that have been described thus far only in eukaryotes. The existence of an RH50 gene in bacteria was first revealed by the genome sequencing of the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea. Here we have used a phylogenetic approach to study the evolution of the N. europaea RH50 gene, and we show that this gene, probably as a component of an integron cassette, has been transferred to the N. europaea genome by horizontal gene transfer. In addition, by functionally characterizing the Rh50Ne protein and the corresponding knockout mutant, we determined that NeRh50 can mediate ammonium uptake. The RH50Ne gene may thus have replaced functionally the AMT gene, which is missing in the genome of N. europaea and may be regarded as a case of nonorthologous gene displacement. 相似文献
19.
Zainuddin Zainal Zahari Tarmizi Reza Chee Yap Keng Sarkawi Nur Nabila Ahmad Hafandi Salleh Annas Tahir Nur Diyana Mohamad Baiee Falah Che-Amat Azlan Fitri Wan-Nor 《Primates; journal of primatology》2022,63(4):377-386
Primates - Bornean orangutan is a critically endangered non-human primate; however, the threat of extinction is not merely from poaching and habitat loss. Orangutan survival is also threatened by... 相似文献
20.