Characterization and identification of Sox2+ radial glia cells derived from rat embryonic cerebral cortex

During the central nervous system (CNS) development, radial glia cells (RGCs) play at least two essential roles, they contribute to neuronal production and the subsequent guidance of neuronal migration, whereas its precise distribution and contribution to cerebral cortex remains less understood. In this research, we used Vimentin as an astroglial marker and Sox2 as a neural progenitor marker to identify and investigate RGCs in rat cerebral cortex at embryonic day (E) 16.5. We found that the Sox2+ progenitor cells localized in the germinal zone (GZ) of E16.5 cerebral cortex, ~95% Sox2+ cells co-localized with Vimentin+ or Nestin+ radial processes which extended to the pial surface across the cortical plate (CP). In vitro, we obtained RG-like cells from E16.5 cerebral cortex on adherent conditions, these Sox2+ Radial glia (RG)-like cells shared some properties with RGCs in vivo, and these Sox2+ RG-like cells could differentiate into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and presented the radial glia—neuron lineage differentiation ability. Taken together, we identified and investigated some characterizations and properties of Sox2+ RGCs derived from E16.5 cerebral cortex, we suggested that the embryonic Sox2+ progenitor cells which located in the cortical GZ were mainly composed of Sox2+ RGCs, and the cortex-derived Sox2+ RG-like cells displayed the radial glia—neuron lineage differentiation ability as neuronal progenitors in vitro.     

Immunostimulatory effect by aqueous extract of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hizikia fusiforme</Emphasis> in RAW 264.7 macrophage and whole spleen cells

Hizikia fusiforme is a commonly used food that possesses potent anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-inflammatory activities. The immunostimulatory activities of aqueous extract of Hizikia fusiforme (HFAE) in RAW 264.7 macrophages and whole spleen cells were investigated. HFAE activated RAW 264.7 macrophages to produce cytokines such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, HFAE induced the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, HFAE stimulated proliferation of whole spleen cells and reference mitogen. Taken together, the results demonstrate that HFAE potently activates the immune function by regulating NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 macrophage and promoting spleen cell proliferation.     

植物激素脱落酸受体的研究进展

脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA)广泛参与植物生长发育的调控和对多种环境胁迫的适应性反应。有关ABA受体的研究已经在检测受体位置、纯化ABA特异性的结合蛋白和克隆ABA受体基因方面做出了许多重要的工作。最近相继发现一种RNA结合蛋白FCA和一种编码Mg离子螯合酶（Mg-chelatase）H亚基的CHLH作为两种不同的ABA受体分别调控植物的开花时间和介导种子萌发、幼苗生长及叶片的气孔运动。本文从实验策略的角度重点分析总结了研究脱落酸受体相对有效的途径与方法, 同时就有关的研究结果给予了评论和展望。     

山羊发情后期三种不同超排方法的比较

目的　研究在山羊发情后期三种不同超排方法的超排效果。方法　实验以 2 0只本地山羊为实验材料 ,以氯前列烯醇二次注射法进行同期发情 ,研究了于发情后期 (发情结束后第 2天 )进行 3种不同的超排方法 (对照组 :3 0 0IUFSH 6次减量法 ,F -pvp组 :3 0 0IUFSH溶于 3 0 %PVP一次注射 ,F -pmsg组 :先注射 2 0 0IUFSH ,2 4h后结合 3 3 0IUPMSG一次注射法 )的超排效果。结果　二次注射氯前列烯醇在 60h内同期率为 80 % (16 2 0 ) ,3种超排方法平均获黄体数分别为 9 75± 4 65,11 75± 8 3 4 ,11± 9 13 ;平均获可用胚数分别为 7± 2 94,8± 5 48,7 5± 5 80 ;胚胎回收率分别为 62 16% ,68 0 8% ,61 3 6%。t检验证明实验组 (F pvp组和F pmsg组 )平均获黄体和平均可用胚与对照组差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5) ,而胚胎回收率 (卡方检验 )差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5)。结论　山羊发情周期的发情后期进行超排能取得很好的卵巢反应 ,而且FSH一次注射法 (溶于 3 0 %PVP或 2 4h后结合少量PMSG)与多次减量法的超排效果一致 ,这表明 ,在山羊发情后期使用FSH一次注射的超排方法有可能作为一种简化的体内生产胚胎的方法加以进一步开发和应用     

鄂伦春族体质现状及其与60年前资料的比较

对内蒙古鄂伦春自治旗１９１名（男８５,女１０６）,鄂伦春族成的人进行了活体观察与测量,总结了鄂伦春的体质和类型并在城乡之间、与６０年前同一地区的资料及我国北方一些的体质数据进行了比较。     

凤蝶亚科(凤蝶科,鳞翅目)16S rRNA基因的分子系统发生分析

对15种凤蝶亚科蝶类线粒体16S rRNA基因部分序列进行了测定,并结合GenBank中其它相关类群的序列,采用邻接法(NJ)、最大简约法(MP)、最大似然法(ML)和贝叶斯法构建凤蝶亚科的分子系统树,探讨该亚科各类群间的系统发生关系.结果表明,燕凤蝶族构成凤蝶亚科蝶类系统树基部的一个独立分支;燕凤蝶族和裳凤蝶族为单系发生,且裳凤蝶族聚在凤蝶族内部;喙凤蝶族的单系性尚不能确定.综合分子系统学、形态学及寄主植物等相关证据,推测斑凤蝶类为凤蝶族中早期分化的一支;较之裳凤蝶类,斑凤蝶类可能更早从二者最近的共同祖先中分化出来.     

General Information

A novel cDNA clone encoding a COR413-like gene was isolated by suppression subtraction hybridization and cDNA library screening from sea-island cotton (Gossypium barbadense). This gene (designated as GbCOR413, Accession number: AY761065) has a total length of 893 bp with an open reading frame of 600 bp, encoding a predicated polypeptide of 200 amino acids with a molecular weight of 22.74 kDa and a predicated pI of 9.2. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that this gene belonged to a novel stress-regulated multi-spanning transmembrane protein family without signal peptide. By means of semi-quantities RT-PCR analysis, the expression of GbCOR413 under short-term cold treatment at 4°C, water submergence and abscic acid treatment was investigated. Our studies suggested that the cloned gene was a new member of COR gene family which was slowly responsive to cold stress in cotton. Jin Wang and Kai-Jing Zuo are co-first authors of this paper.     

生态学中的尺度问题：内涵与分析方法

尺度问题已成为现代生态学的核心问题之一.尺度问题主要涉及3个方面：尺度概念、尺度分析和尺度推绎.主要评述前两个方面.生态学尺度有三重概念：维数、种类和组分,其中每重概念又包含了多个定义,有必要进行澄清、分类和统一.尺度分析涉及尺度效应分析和多尺度空间格局分析.格局、过程及它们之间的关系,以及某些景观特性均表现出尺度效应,因此多尺度研究非常必要和重要.多尺度空间格局分析（尤其是特征尺度的识别）是进行尺度效应分析和跨尺度推绎的基础.多尺度分析需要特定的方法,景观指数法是最常用和最简单的方法,但也常产生误导;空间统计学方法（如半方差分析法、尺度方差分析法、空隙度指数法和小波分析法等）和分维分析法在最近十几年发展起来,并逐渐应用于生态学,在尺度分析上具有很大的应用潜力.各种方法在尺度分析上各有优势和不足,有必要同时使用两种或两种以上方法进行比较和评估.总之,有关尺度分析的研究需要进一步加强,从而为下一步的尺度推绎提供可靠的依据.     

p21HBsAg/HBsAg转基因小鼠肝脏病理学研究

目的观察p21HBsAg/HBsAg转基因小鼠肝脏病理学改变.方法分别选取2、6、12、18、24月龄的SPF级p21HBsAg/HBsAg转基因小鼠和p21+/+野生型小鼠,剖检进行大体观察,取肝脏及肝脏肿瘤组织,进行组织学HE染色及电镜超微结构观察.结果 p21HBsAg/HBsAg转基因小鼠肝脏大体、光镜和电镜下均有明显病理改变.随着月龄的增加,肝脏色暗质硬,表面有结节和肿瘤形成;光镜下,肝细胞浊肿,炎症细胞浸润,脂肪变性,点状、灶状和碎屑状坏死,非典型增生,肝细胞癌.癌细胞分化良好,类似肝细胞,形成索状和腺泡状结构.癌细胞核深染,具核分裂像.电镜下,癌细胞核变形,核膜曲折凹陷,线粒体肿胀,数目增多,嵴减少.4例18月龄转基因小鼠发生肝细胞癌(4/10),6例24月龄的转基因小鼠发生肝细胞癌(6/10),其中2例发现远处转移.结论 p21HBsAg/HBsAg转基因小鼠肝脏出现明显病理损害,18月龄小鼠开始发展成高分化的肝细胞癌,高龄小鼠形成的肝细胞癌能够转移.     

ROI-Based Compression Strategy of 3D MRI Brain Datasets for Wireless Communications

ObjectivesBecause of the large amount of medical imaging data, the transmission process becomes complicated in telemedicine applications. Thus, in order to adapt the data bit streams to the constraints related to the limitation of the bandwidths a reduction of the size of the data by compression of the images is essential. Despite the improvements in the field of compression, the transmission itself can also introduce errors. For this reason, it is important to develop an adequate strategy which will help reduce this volume of data without having to introduce some distortion and resist the errors introduced by the channel noise during transmission. Thus, in this paper, we propose a ROI-based coding strategy and unequal bit stream protection to meet this dual constraint.Material and methodsThe proposed ROI-based compression strategy with unequal bit stream protection is composed of three parts: the first one allows the extraction of the ROI region, the second one consists of a ROI-based coding and the third one allows an unequal protection of the ROI bit stream.First, the Regions Of Interest (ROI) are extracted by hierarchical segmentation of these regions according to a segmentation method based on the technique of Marker-based-watershed combined with the technique of active contours by level set. The resulting regions are selectively encoded by a 3D coder based on a shape adaptive discrete wavelet transform 3D-BISK, where the compression ratio of each region depends on its relevance in diagnosis. These obtained regions of interest are protected with an error-correcting code of Reed-Solomon type with a code rate that varies according to the relevance of the region by an unequal protection strategy (UEP).ResultsThe performance of the proposed compression scheme is evaluated in several ways. First, tests are performed to study the impact of errors on the different bit streams. In the first place, these tests are carried out in order to study the effect of the variation of the compression rates on the different bit streams. Secondly, different Reed Solomon error-correcting codes of different code rates are tested at different compression rates on a BSC channel. Finally, the performances of this coding strategy are compared with those of SPIHT 3D in the case of transmission on a BSC channel.ConclusionThe obtained results show that the proposed method is quite efficient in transmission time reduction. Therefore, our proposed scheme will reduce the volume of data without having to introduce some distortion and resist the errors introduced by the channel noise in the case of telemedicine.