CD106 Identifies a Subpopulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Unique Immunomodulatory Properties

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reside in almost all of the body tissues, where they undergo self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. MSCs derived from different tissues share many similarities but also show some differences in term of biological properties. We aim to search for significant differences among various sources of MSCs and to explore their implications in physiopathology and clinical translation. We compared the phenotype and biological properties among different MSCs isolated from human term placental chorionic villi (CV), umbilical cord (UC), adult bone marrow (BM) and adipose (AD). We found that CD106 (VCAM-1) was expressed highest on the CV-MSCs, moderately on BM-MSCs, lightly on UC-MSCs and absent on AD-MSCs. CV-MSCs also showed unique immune-associated gene expression and immunomodulation. We thus separated CD106⁺cells and CD106⁻cells from CV-MSCs and compared their biological activities. Both two subpopulations were capable of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation while CD106⁺CV-MSCs were more effective to modulate T helper subsets but possessed decreased colony formation capacity. In addition, CD106⁺CV-MSCs expressed more cytokines than CD106⁻CV-MSCs. These data demonstrate that CD106 identifies a subpopulation of CV-MSCs with unique immunoregulatory activity and reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying immunomodulation of MSCs.     

牛磺酸及微量营养素对大鼠视网膜NOS表达及cGMP含量影响的研究

目的：探讨大鼠补充一定剂量牛磺酸及微量营养素后,能否通过影响视感受器或视中枢ＮＯ合成酶（ＮＯＳ）表达及第二信使（ｃＧＭＰ）合成,影响视觉信号传导。方法：Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠随机分为三组,即对照组（正常饲料组）、实验１组（５倍需要量组）和实验２组（１０倍需要量组）,喂养３周后,每组动物再随机分为光照组和暗适应组（平均照度为３．０３ＬＸ）,以正常饲料喂养７２ｈ,大鼠活杀取样,以放射免疫方法分析ｃＧＭＰ含量     

多孔陶瓷吸附固定纤维堆囊菌发酵制备埃博霉素

由纤维堆囊菌产生的埃博霉素具有极大药用价值,但因纤维堆囊菌液体环境中聚团非均匀生长限制了埃博霉素的大规模生产。借助多孔陶瓷的多孔结构,可为粘细菌提供固体附着生长面,提高埃博霉素产量。利用造孔剂法制备硅藻土基多孔陶瓷,在优化制备及改性条件后,当30目木屑造孔剂用量为2.5%(质量分数),7 MPa下制得的硅藻土基多孔陶瓷性能良好,孔径集中在5μm,比表面积为23.55 m2/g,孔隙率为32%,机械强度为10.2 MPa;经1.5 mol/L FeCl3改性的多孔陶瓷对纤维堆囊菌的吸附量达36.8 mg/g。在优化固定化发酵条件后,当在300 ml三角瓶中装液量为45 ml,固液比3:5,接种量10%,温度30℃,转速220 r/min,最初pH 7.5,发酵时间为8 d时,埃博霉素的产量达90.2 mg/L,与游离发酵相比提高了近4倍。     

肥大细胞在肿瘤发生发展中的作用

肥大细胞是人体主要免疫细胞之一,因其作为导致过敏反应发生的最直接效应细胞而著称.肥大细胞最主要的结构特征为其胞内含有大量嗜碱性颗粒,该颗粒内又富含种类众多的生物活性物质,包括组胺、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、成纤维细胞生长因子(fibroblast...     

Lipid raft-regulated IGF-1R activation antagonizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells

Gastric cancer cells are resistant to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and the resistance mechanism is not fully understood. In human gastric cancer MGC803 and BGC823 cells, TRAIL induces insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) pathway activation. Treatment with IGF-1R inhibitor OSI-906 or small interfering RNAs against IGF-1R, prevents IGF-1R pathway activation and increases TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The TRAIL-induced IGF-1R pathway activation is promoted by IGF-1R translocation into lipid rafts. Moreover, the translocation of IGF-1R into lipid rafts is regulated by Casitas B-lineage lymphoma b (Cbl-b). Taken together, TRAIL-induced IGF-1R activation antagonizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis by Cbl-b-regulated distribution of IGF-1R in lipid rafts.     

Molecular dynamics analysis of the structural and dynamic properties of the functionally enhanced hepta-variant of mouse 5-aminolevulinate synthase

Heme biosynthesis, a complex, multistage, and tightly controlled process, starts with 5-aminolevulinate (ALA) production, which, in metazoa and certain bacteria, is a reaction catalyzed by 5-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS), a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme. Functional aberrations in ALAS are associated with several human diseases. ALAS can adopt open and closed conformations, with segmental rearrangements of a C-terminal, 16-amino acid loop and an α-helix regulating accessibility to the ALAS active site. Of the murine erythroid ALAS (mALAS2) forms previously engineered to assess the role of the flexible C-terminal loop versus mALAS2 function one stood out due to its impressive gain in catalytic power. To elucidate how the simultaneously introduced seven mutations of this activity-enhanced variant affected structural and dynamic properties of mALAS2, we conducted extensive molecular dynamics simulation analysis of the dimeric forms of wild-type mALAS2, hepta-variant and Rhodobacter capsulatus ALAS (aka R. capsulatus HemA). This analysis revealed that the seven simultaneous mutations in the C-terminal loop, which extends over the active site of the enzyme, caused the bacterial and murine proteins to adopt different conformations. Specifically, a new β-strand in the mutated ‘loop’ led to interaction with two preexisting β-strands and formation of an anti-parallel three-stranded β-sheet, which likely endowed the murine hepta-variant a more ‘stable’ open conformation than that of wild-type mALAS2, consistent with a kinetic mechanism involving a faster closed-to-open conformation transition and product release for the mutated than wild-type enzyme. Further, the dynamic behavior of the mALAS2 protomers was strikingly different in the two dimeric forms.     

寨卡病毒,不仅仅是小头畸形

寨卡病毒(Zika virus,ZIKV)属于黄病毒科黄病毒属,由蚊虫叮咬传播。ZIKV发现于1947年。2007年以来,由于基因突变,ZIKV获得了更强的神经嗜性和在蚊虫体内播散的能力,因而在全球加快流行,并与成人吉兰-巴雷综合征和胎儿小头畸形的发生密切相关。最近的临床观察和动物研究进一步表明,ZIKV感染引起的临床症状复杂多样,所造成的疾病不仅仅是小头畸形,它还能够损伤雄性生殖系统,干扰下丘脑对神经内分泌系统的调节,引起多种激素分泌缺陷,导致生长发育迟缓和学习记忆能力损伤。因此,对于先天感染ZIKV的新生儿,不仅要在孕期监测小头畸形的发生,出生后也需进行长期的跟踪观察;对于出生后感染ZIKV的婴幼儿以及学龄前儿童,无论病情轻重,也需要进行随访,以明确ZIKV感染的远期影响。     

ADFP promotes cell proliferation in lung adenocarcinoma via Akt phosphorylation

Previously, we identified differentially expressed proteins, including ADFP, between lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) tissue and paired normal bronchioloalveolar epithelium. In this study, we investigated the role of ADFP in LAC. ADFP levels in the serum of patients with lung cancer and benign diseases were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). shRNA was used to knock-down or overexpress ADFP in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells. The biological function of ADFP and its underlying mechanisms was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. ADFP was highly expressed in the serum of lung cancer patients, especially those with LAC. ADFP promoted cell proliferation and up-regulated the p-Akt/Akt ratio in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells in vitro. Furthermore, in nude mice, ADFP promoted tumour formation with high levels of p-Akt/Akt, Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Similar to the effect of ADFP knock-down, MK-2206 (a phosphorylation inhibitor of Akt) reduced A549 and NCI-H1299 cell proliferation. In ADFP-overexpressing A549 and NCI-H1299 cells, proliferation was suppressed by MK-2206 and returned to the control level. ADFP did not regulate invasion, migration or adhesion in LAC cells. Together, these results suggest that ADFP promotes LAC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo by increasing Akt phosphorylation level.     

外源硫化氢对盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦叶片有机酸和激素含量的影响

为探讨外源硫化氢(H₂S)对盐碱胁迫下植物有机酸和激素水平的调控效应,以裸燕麦(Avena nuda)为材料,研究喷施50μmol·L^-1H₂S供体硫氢化钠(NaHS)溶液对3.00 g·kg^-1盐碱胁迫下叶片有机酸、激素含量和产量性状的影响。结果表明：盐碱胁迫显著提高了琥珀酸、丁烯二酸、苹果酸、葡萄糖醛酸和总有机酸含量,显著降低了焦谷氨酸、茉莉酸-异亮氨酸(JA-Ile)、反式-玉米素(tZ)和N⁶-(Δ²-异戊烯)腺嘌呤(iP)含量。喷施NaHS溶液显著提高盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦叶片中3-羟基-3-甲基谷氨酸、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素A₇(GA₇)、茉莉酸甲酯(MJA)、iP含量和IAA/ABA比值,显著降低葡萄糖醛酸、赤霉素A₃(GA₃)、赤霉素A₄(GA₄)、总赤霉素(GA_S)、1-氨基环丙烷羧酸(A...     

Slot‐Die and Roll‐to‐Roll Processed Single Junction Organic Photovoltaic Cells with the Highest Efficiency

The record efficiency of the state‐of‐the‐art polymer solar cells (PSCs) is rapidly increasing, due to the discovery of high‐performance photoactive donor and acceptor materials. However, strong questions remain as to whether such high‐efficiency PSCs can be produced by scalable processes. This paper reports a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.5% achieved with single‐junction ternary PSCs based on PTB7‐Th, PC₇₁BM, and COi8DFIC fabricated by slot‐die coating, which shows the highest PCE ever reported in PSCs fabricated by a scalable process. To understand the origin of the high performance of the slot‐die coated device, slot‐die coated photoactive films and devices are systematically investigated. These results indicate that the good performance of the slot‐die PSCs can be due to a favorable molecule‐structure and film‐morphology change by introducing 1,8‐diiodooctane and heat treatment, which can lead to improved charge transport with reduced carrier recombination. The optimized condition is then used for the fabrication of large‐area modules and also for roll‐to‐roll fabrication. The slot‐die coated module with 30 cm² active‐area and roll‐to‐roll produced flexible PSC has shown 8.6% and 9.6%, respectively. These efficiencies are the highest in each category and demonstrate the strong potential of the slot‐die coated ternary system for commercial applications.