The History and Advances of Reversible Terminators Used in New Generations of Sequencing Technology

DNA sequencing using reversible terminators, as one sequencing by synthesis strategy, has garnered a great deal of interest due to its popular application in the second-generation high-throughput DNA sequencing technology. In this review, we provided its history of development, classification, and working mechanism of this technology. We also outlined the screening strategies for DNA polymerases to accommodate the reversible terminators as substrates during polymerization; particularly, we introduced the "REAP" method developed by us. At the end of this review, we discussed current limitations of this approach and provided potential solutions to extend its application.     

Potentilla jiaozishanensis sp. nov. (sect. Leptostylae,Rosaceae) from southwest China

Potentilla jiaozishanensis, a distinct new species of Rosaceae from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, it is closely related to P. stenophylla var. stenophylla but clearly differs from the latter by its bidentate leaflets, lanceolate epicalyx‐segments that are longer than the sepals, villose ovaries and achenes. Moreover, the pollen grains of P. jiaozishanensis are markedly different from those of P. stenophylla var. stenophylla in size and shape. The newly described species is endemic to the Jiaozishan Mountains, southwest China.     

The endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by highly expressed OsrAAT reduces seed size via pre-mature programmed cell death

The high accumulation of a recombinant protein in rice endosperm causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and in turn dramatically affects endogenous storage protein expression, protein body morphology and seed phenotype. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes in transgenic rice seeds, we analyzed the expression profiles of endogenous storage proteins, ER stress-related and programmed cell death (PCD)-related genes in transgenic lines with different levels of Oryza sativa recombinant alpha antitrypsin (OsrAAT) expression. The results indicated that OsrAAT expression induced the ER stress and that the strength of the ER stress was dependent on OsrAAT expression levels. It in turn induced upregulation of the expression of the ER stress response genes and downregulation of the expression of the endogenous storage protein genes in rice endosperm. Further experiments showed that the ER stress response upregulated the expression of PCD-related genes to disturb the rice endosperm development and induced pre-mature PCD. As consequence, it resulted in decrease of grain weight and size. The mechanisms for the detriment seed phenotype in transgenic lines with high accumulation of the recombinant protein were elucidated.     

Overexpression of acetyl-CoA synthetase increased the biomass and fatty acid proportion in microalga Schizochytrium

High acetate accumulation was produced during glucose fermentation in high cell density cultures, which is harmful to cell growth. In order to reduce the negative impact of acetate accumulation on the fermentation products, we introduced the Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) gene into the marine microalga Schizochytrium sp. TIO1101, generating genetically modified ACS transformants. The results of PCR and blotting analyses showed that the exogenous ACS gene was incorporated into the genome and successfully expressed. The engineered Schizochytrium increased the pH value and reduced the acetate concentration in the final fermentation medium significantly. Furthermore, the ACS transformants exhibited faster growth and glucose consumption rates than the wild-type strain. The biomass and fatty acid proportion of ACS transformants increased by 29.9 and 11.3 %, respectively. Taken together, the data suggest that ACS overexpression in Schizochytrium might improve the utilization of carbon resource and decrease the production of acetate byproduct. These results demonstrate that application of ACS in metabolic genetic engineering could improve the properties of Schizochytrium significantly.     

Design and synthesis of 1-aryl-5-anilinoindazoles as c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitors

Starting from pyrazole HTS hit (1), a series of 1-aryl-1H-indazoles have been synthesized as JNK3 inhibitors with moderate selectivity against JNK1. SAR studies led to the synthesis of 5r as double digital nanomolar JNK3 inhibitor with good in vivo exposure.     

离体颈动脉窦压力感受器研究方法的改进——窦内压的自动控制

目的:创建一套离体颈动脉窦压力感受器研究中窦内压力的自动控制系统。方法:制备颈动脉窦-窦神经标本并对其进行灌流。在该系统中,引入一个重要的可接受电脑指令的压力控制装置(PRE-U,Hoerbiger,Deutschland),用以钳制窦内压。通过比较压力指令和相应产生的窦内压来鉴定本压力控制系统的可靠性。结果:利用该系统可以准确实现脉动式、斜坡式、阶跃式等多种窦内压力控制模式,并证实记录到压力依赖性窦神经放电活动。结论:应用这套颈动脉窦内压力控制系统可以实现多种压力模式的控制。该系统为深入研究压力感受器机电换能机制提供了有用且灵活的压力控制方法。     

金双歧联合丁螺环酮治疗肠易激综合征的临床疗效观察

目的 观察并分析金双歧联合丁螺环酮治疗肠易激综合征的临床疗效.方法 对80例门诊患者,年龄在18～70岁,采用随机数字表法,分为治疗组40例,采用金双歧联合丁螺环酮治疗;对照组40例,采用单用金双歧治疗,两组其他内科常规治疗相同,疗程4周,评估两组治疗前后临床疗效及汉密尔登焦虑(HAMA)和汉密尔登抑郁(HAMD)量表评分变化.结果 治疗前,两组IBS症状、肠外症状、生活质量、汉密尔登焦虑和抑郁量表评分比较差异无统计学意义.治疗后两组IBS症状、肠外症状、生活质量治疗后均较治疗前明显改善,联合治疗组较单用金双歧组更显著.汉密尔登焦虑和抑郁量表评分两药联合治疗后显著改善,但单用金双歧无明显改善.结论 金双歧联合丁螺环酮治疗肠易激综合征,安全、有效、不良反应少.