Impaired Bone Homeostasis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mice with Muscle Atrophy

There is an intimate relationship between muscle and bone throughout life. However, how alterations in muscle functions in disease impact bone homeostasis is poorly understood. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive muscle atrophy. In this study we analyzed the effects of ALS on bone using the well established G93A transgenic mouse model, which harbors an ALS-causing mutation in the gene encoding superoxide dismutase 1. We found that 4-month-old G93A mice with severe muscle atrophy had dramatically reduced trabecular and cortical bone mass compared with their sex-matched wild type (WT) control littermates. Mechanically, we found that multiple osteoblast properties, such as the formation of osteoprogenitors, activation of Akt and Erk1/2 pathways, and osteoblast differentiation capacity, were severely impaired in primary cultures and bones from G93A relative to WT mice; this could contribute to reduced bone formation in the mutant mice. Conversely, osteoclast formation and bone resorption were strikingly enhanced in primary bone marrow cultures and bones of G93A mice compared with WT mice. Furthermore, sclerostin and RANKL expression in osteocytes embedded in the bone matrix were greatly up-regulated, and β-catenin was down-regulated in osteoblasts from G93A mice when compared with those of WT mice. Interestingly, calvarial bone that does not load and long bones from 2-month-old G93A mice without muscle atrophy displayed no detectable changes in parameters for osteoblast and osteoclast functions. Thus, for the first time to our knowledge, we have demonstrated that ALS causes abnormal bone remodeling and defined the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms.     

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as aminopeptidase N/CD13 inhibitors

A series of novel 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives were designed, synthesized and assayed for their activities against aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) and MMP-2. The results showed that most compounds exhibited higher inhibitory activities against APN than that of MMP-2. Within this series, compound 12h (IC(50)=6.28 ± 0.11 μM) showed similar inhibitory activities compared with Bestatin (IC(50)=5.55 ± 0.01 μM), and it could be used as novel lead compound for the future APN inhibitors development as anticancer agents.     

纳豆激酶固态发酵的参数优化

方法:在对实验室分离的纳豆激酶产生菌进行菌株鉴定及其酶学性质研究的基础上,对影响菌株固态发酵产酶的工艺参数进行了优化研究.结果:发酵温度、发酵时间及培养基碳氮比、料水比、pH对纳豆激酶的产生都有较大影响,而接种量对纳豆激酶影响较小;在优化条件下,纳豆激酶固态发酵酶活可达到8 300U/g,为已知最高纳豆激酶单位酶活.     

Genetic Linkage Mapping and Analysis of Muscle Fiber-Related QTLs in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

A genetic linkage map of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was constructed using Type I and Type II microsatellite markers and a pseudo-testcross mapping strategy. The microsatellite markers were isolated from microsatellite-enriched genomic libraries and tested for their segregation in a full-sib mapping panel containing 92 individuals. A total of 161 microsatellite loci were mapped into 54 linkage groups. The total lengths of the female, male and consensus maps were 2,000, 946, and 1,852?cM, with an average marker spacing of approximately 13, 7, and 11?cM, respectively. Muscle fiber-related traits, including muscle fiber cross-section area and muscle fiber density, were mapped to the genetic map. Three QTLs for muscle fiber cross-section area and two QTLs for muscle fiber density were identified when considering both significant and suggestive QTL effects. The QTLs with largest effects for muscle fiber cross-section area and muscle fiber density were 21.9% and 18.9%, and they were located in LG3, respectively.     

钠氢交换体1在病理性心肌肥厚大鼠心肌组织及血浆中的表达

目的：研究异丙肾上腺素诱导的病理性心肌肥厚大鼠心肌组织及血浆中钠氢交换体1（sodium—hydrogen exchanger1,NHE—1）的表达,探讨NHE1在心肌肥厚发生和发展中的作用。方法：30只雄性SD大鼠随机并平均分为2组：病理性心肌肥厚组和对照组,每组15只,病理性心肌肥厚组（以下简称ISO组）予以ISO（异丙肾上腺素）连续每日以20、10和5mg／kg的剂量递减皮下注射,再以3mg／kg的剂量维持皮下注射7d,对照组予相同剂量生理盐水皮下注射。给药结束后进行心脏超声检测左室舒张末径（LVEDD）、左室收缩末径（LVESD）、室间隔厚度（IVST）、短轴缩短率（FS）、左室射血分数（LVEF）。分别测定各组大鼠体重（Bw）、心室重量（VW）、左心室重量（LVW）,计算心室重量指数VWI（VW／BW）、左心室重量指数LVWI（LVW／BW）。取血检测血浆中NHE．1的浓度,并取心肌组织观察病理形态学特征,用免疫组化法检测心肌组织中NHE—1的表达量。结果：与对照组相比,ISO组大鼠LVEF、IVST显著增加（P〈0．05）,LVESD明显降低（P〈0．05）,VWI、LVWI明显增加（P〈0．01）,血浆NHE—1浓度明显升高（P〈0．01）,心肌组织NHE-1表达增多（P〈0．01）。结论：NHE-1可能在病理性心肌肥厚的发生和发展过程中起着重要作用。     

恩替卡韦联合胸腺肽α1治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效研究

目的：观察和比较恩替卡韦联合胸腺肽α1治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎的疗效。方法：选取我院58例HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者分成联合组和对照组。联合组28例,初始同时使用恩替卡韦及胸腺肽αl24周,之后停胸腺肽αl继续用恩替卡韦至48周。对照组30例,单用恩替卡韦0．5mg／d,48周。定期检测ALT复常率,HBVDNA转阴率,HBeAg／抗HBe血清转换率,肝纤维化组合,Fibroscan评分两组在治疗结束时进行疗效评价。结果：24周时两组ALT复常率无差异显著性（P〉0．05）,联合组和对照组HBVDNA阴转率在24周、48周时均差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。联合组与单用组HBeAg血清转换率在第24周、48周时,两组比较差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。肝纤维化组合各指标（HA,LN,PIIIP,Ⅳ型胶原）,Fibroscan评分两组治疗48周后比较差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）,且两组治疗前后差异联合组更显著。治疗过程中,未发现明显副作用。结论：恩替卡韦联合胸腺肽d1治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎,安全性与耐受性良好,联合组在ALT复常率,HBeAg血清转换率和HBVDNA转阴率,抗肝纤维仲韵井种P昂荽楫干蕈闱凰巷卡韦组．     

MicroRNA与胶质瘤的分子病理特征研究进展

MicroRNAs（miRNAs）是一类非编码的内源性小RNA分子,通过调节mRNA的稳定性及蛋白翻译过程控制基因表达,从而发挥促癌或抑癌作用;研究表明,在胶质瘤的发生、进展、侵袭过程中,伴随发生了许多分子病理特征的改变,这一过程中miRNAs发挥着重要作用,本文就此方面研究进展进行综述。