不明原因消化道出血的外科治疗

目的:探讨不明原因消化道出血的原因及在手术过程中的诊疗策略及技术,以提高不明原因消化道出血的诊治水平。方法:对我院自2002年3月至2010年10月被诊断为不明原因消化道出血23例患者进行回顾性分析,其均经外科手术治疗。结果:本组23例患者,治愈22例,1例死于多脏器功能衰竭,1例术后出现肠瘘,2例患者出现术后切口感染。均未再次出现出血。平均住院时间14.3天。结论:手术治疗是不明原因消化道出血治疗的最后的诊治手段,掌握相应手术策略及技术,可使更多的患者受益。     

芥子气暴露的确证：家兔皮肤染毒后血红蛋白N端缬氨酸加合物的同位素稀释-NCI-GC/MS溯源性检测

素有＂毒剂之王＂之称的芥子气（HD）是目前危害最大的化学战剂之一,染毒后在体内可产生不同类型的特征性生物标志物,其对中毒诊断、溯源性分析以及毒理机制等研究有着重要的意义.本文首先采用同位素稀释-NCI-GC/MS分析方法监测和鉴定了HD体外全血染毒后产生的血红蛋白N端缬氨酸加合物（HETE-Val）;其次,研究了不同剂量HD（0.02～0.15LD50）经皮染毒家兔体内HETE-Val的时效、量效关系.结果表明,HETE-Val与家兔中毒剂量间有良好的量效关系,而时效关系表明染毒后15min内即可产生并检测到HETE-Val,一周内达到最大,随后逐渐下降,但至染毒后第103天仍可监测到该加合物.与血红蛋白N端缬氨酸加合反应的HD仅占HD染毒总量的～0.15‰,与家兔血液反应的HD约占HD染毒总量的～1%.表明HETE-Val是一种重要的生物标志物,并可应用于HD暴露的确证和化学武器核查的溯源性检测.     

两种蛙Sox基因的PCR-SSCP分析

采用PCR技术,以参考人SRI,基因HMG-box的保守区序列而设计一对特异引物,扩增了黑斑蛙和金线蛙的Sox基因。结果两种蛙的雌雄个体均扩增出217bp的基因片段,与人对照相同。对扩增产物进行SSCP分析显示,两种蛙雌雄个体间的单链迁移率相同,两种蛙之间差异较小,而与人有较大差异。测序表明,两种蛙的Sox序列之间以及与各类物种的Sox基因都有非常高的相似性,充分显示出Sox基因在系统进化上的高度保守性。     

Reduced folate carrier gene is a risk factor for neural tube defects in a Chinese population

BACKGROUND: There is a considerable body of data demonstrating that periconceptional supplementation of folic acid can prevent a significant proportion of neural tube defects (NTDs). At present, the mechanism by which folic acid exerts its beneficial effect remains unknown. Folate transporter genes, including the reduced folate carrier gene (RFC1), have been proposed as NTD risk factors. METHODS: The study population included 104 nuclear families with NTDs and 100 nonmalformed control families. We investigated the possible association between a common RFC1 polymorphism (A80G) and NTD risk among offspring, as well as potential gene-environment interactions between the infant RFC1 genotype and maternal periconceptional use of folic acid through a population-based case-control study. RESULTS: We observed that the infants of the GG genotype were associated with a 2.56-fold increased risk of NTDs when compared to the AA genotype (odds ratio [OR], 2.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-6.36) in our study population. Among mothers who did not utilize folic acid supplements, the risk for having a child with an NTD was 3.30 (95% CI, 1.15-9.65) for offspring with the GG genotype, compared to the reference (AA) genotype. Children who had the GG genotype and whose mothers did not take folic acid had an elevated risk for NTDs (OR, 8.80; 95% CI, 2.83-28.69), compared to offspring with the AA and GA genotypes whose mothers utilized folic acid supplements. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the RFC1 G allele is likely to be an important genetic factor in determining folate transport and subsequently may be a risk factor for NTDs in this Chinese population.     

引入CpG基序的汉滩病毒G2糖蛋白基因的克隆及表达

构建汉滩病毒G2糖蛋白的真核表达载体,并加入可增强小鼠免疫刺激作用的CpG基序,检测其可否在真核细胞中表达。参照Genebank中汉滩病毒M的全基因序列设计引物,引物两端引入可增强小鼠免疫刺激作用的CpG基序及双酶切位点,通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)获得含CpG基序的G2片段,并将其与T载体pMD18-T相连,测序后克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1 上,将此真核表达载体以脂质体法转染至真核细胞Vero-E6中,利用间接免疫荧光法(IFA)检测发现转染后的Vero-E6中出现特异性的绿色荧光。结果表明本实验成功构建了汉滩病毒包膜糖蛋白G2的重组体。     

不同粒度羧甲基壳聚糖基复合抗菌剂抑菌性能的研究

为增加固体制剂的水溶性以及考查研磨后其抗菌性能的变化,制备了低银含量和低噻苯咪唑含量的羧甲基壳聚糖银噻苯咪唑（Ag—CMCTS-TBZ）复合抗菌剂,通过研磨和粒度分级将其分成C1（150—74μm）、C2（74—45m）和C3（-45μm）三种制剂,采用粒度分析、紫外、红外光谱及最小抑菌浓度（MIC）对其进行分析。研究表明,低含量银、噻苯咪唑的Ag—C／VICIS—TB均具有良好的水溶性,其溶解度都大于0．4％,其0．2％（w／v）的抗菌水溶液中的表观粒度在13—250nm之间;但在研磨分级之后,三种制剂中分子间的络合或者氢键键合状况发生了变化,而且导致其抗菌性能发生改变;其中C1对E．coli和S．aureus有较强的抑制,而其抑制A．niger的能力较弱;C3抗菌活性最低,对E．coli,S．aureus,C．albicans和A．niger的MIC值皆〉1000mg／L;Q的抗菌效果则介于其间。     

Extremely high prevalence of neural tube defects in a 4-county area in Shanxi Province, China

BACKGROUND: In the past, northern China's Shanxi Province has reported the highest incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in the world. However, little is known about the epidemiology of NTDs in this area in recent years. METHODS: Data were collected from a population-based birth defects surveillance system in 4 counties that captures information on all live births, stillbirths of at least 20 weeks' gestation, and pregnancy terminations at any gestational age resulting from prenatal diagnosis of a birth defect. We also surveyed mothers of NTD case patients to determine their use of folic acid before and during early pregnancy. RESULTS: During 2003, 160 NTD cases were identified among 11,534 births (NTD birth prevalence = 138.7/10,000 births). The rates of anencephaly, spina bifida and encephalocele were 65.9, 58.1, and 14.7 per 10,000, respectively, and a female predominance was observed among anencephaly cases (male-to-female relative risk [RR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.79), but not among spina bifida (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.55-1.45) and encephalocele (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.40-2.69) cases. The percentages of pregnancy termination following prenatal diagnosis of anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele were 50%, 41.8%, and 35.3%, respectively. NTD birth prevalence tended to be higher among mothers aged <20 or > or =30 years (P = .06) and was markedly associated with lower levels of maternal education (P < .001). Among 143 NTD mothers, only 6 (4.2%) used folic acid supplements during the periconceptional period. CONCLUSIONS: The NTD birth prevalence rate in the study area is among the highest worldwide. Folic acid deficiency may be one important risk factor.     

卵巢催乳素受体mRNA在小鼠卵泡发育及排卵过程中的表达

目的探讨卵巢催乳素受体(Prolactin receptor,PRLR)mRNA在小鼠不同发育阶段及排卵过程中的表达情况。方法选择不同发育时期的昆明小鼠,以及性未成熟昆明小鼠予以PMSG-HCG(Pregnancy Mare Serum Gonadotro-phin-Humane chorionic gonadotrophin,孕马血清促性腺激素-人绒毛膜促性腺激素)序贯处理,采用实时定量聚合酶链反应(Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction,Real-Time PCR)检测小鼠卵巢中PRLR mRNA的表达。结果PRLR mR-NA的表达水平随小鼠的不断发育而显著性升高,PRLR在6周龄小鼠卵巢中的表达量是3周龄小鼠的3.86倍(P0.01),11周龄与33周龄小鼠的表达水平分别是3周龄小鼠的19.67倍、19.81倍(P0.01);PMSG处理后12h,PRLR表达水平是对照组的1.44倍(P0.05),24h、48h后分别达到5.48倍和7.14倍(P0.01),HCG处理后4h、8h、12h,PRLR表达水平有所下降,但仍高于对照组(P0.01),24h、48h后其表达水平再次升高,分别是对照组的5.64倍和6.04倍。结果 PRLR对小鼠卵泡的生长、发育及其黄体形成与维持发挥重要作用。     

基于线粒体Cytb基因全序列探讨两爪鳖和山瑞鳖的系统进化关系

采用PCR方法对两爪鳖(Carettochelys insculpta)和山瑞鳖(Pdea steindachneri)mtDNA的细胞色素b基因(Cytb)进行了扩增和测序,并结合GenBank中已公布的其它15种龟鳖类和两种鳄类的同源序列,进行了序列变异比较和系统发生分析.以凯门鳄和扬子鳄为外群,采用邻接(neighbor ioining,NJ)法、最大简约(maximum likelihood,ML)法和最大似然(maximum parsimony,MP)法重建分子系统树.结果均支持将龟鳖目分为3支:侧颈龟科(Pelomedusidae)(非洲侧颈龟Pelomedusa subrufa),两爪鳖科(Carettochelyidae)(两爪鳖Carettochelys insculpta)和一支由其它15种现生龟鳘类组成的进化支.在这里两爪鳘科被认为可能代表一新的亚目;而山瑞鳖聚于鳖科(Trionychidae)中,与中华鳌(Pelodiscus sinensis)最先聚成一支,再依次与马来鳖(Dogania subplana)、非洲鳖(Trionyx triunguis)、印度箱鳖(Lissemys punctata)聚成一组.