福建永安安砂库区生态公益林珍稀植物调查

初步调查表明,福建永安安砂库区生态公益林有野生珍稀濒危植物21种,隶属14科19属。其中,国家一级保护植物1种,国家二级保护植物7种。这些珍稀植物资源种类丰富,组成多样,有显著的热带性质,起源古老,特有现象突出,并具有广泛用途和重要价值。     

双价抗虫基因叶绿体共转化植株抗虫性及其后代表型分析

利用基因枪法将含有水稻巯基蛋白酶抑制剂(Oryzacystatin,OC)基因烟草叶绿体表达载体和含有苏云金芽孢杆菌晶体毒蛋白基因(Bt cry IAc)烟草叶绿体表达载体,共转化烟草叶绿体,获得壮观霉素抗性植株。转基因植株抗棉铃虫试验表明,转双价抗虫基因植株比转单一抗虫基因植株具有更强的杀虫活性。转基因植株后代Southern检测及其遗传学分析试验证明,双价抗虫基因可以稳定地遗传给后代,且表现为叶绿体特有的母系遗传规律。 Abstract:The Bt gene and OC gene were cotransformed to tobacco chloroplast with particle bombardment method and spectinomycin resistance tobacco seedlings were obtained.Bioassays showed that the transgenic tobacco containing both genes had enhanced toxicity to the larvae of cotton bollworm (helicoverpa zea) by comparison with the plants containing only Bt or OC gene.Southern-blotting analysis and genetic analysis of progenies showed that the Bt and OC gene expressed and was inherited maternally to the progenies.     

瓢虫和草蛉对小麦挥发物组分的行为及电生理反应

利用触角电位（electroantennogram, EAG）和嗅觉测定技术,比较分析了4种捕食性天敌昆虫七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata、龟纹瓢虫Propylaea japonica、中华通草蛉Chrysoperla sinica和大草蛉Chrysopa septempunctata对麦蚜取食诱导小麦挥发物的行为和电生理反应,揭示了瓢虫及草蛉类天敌昆虫的嗅觉反应特点。4种捕食性天敌昆虫对麦蚜取食诱导挥发物都有较高的EAG反应值,七星瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫对6-甲基-5_庚烯-2-酮、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇的反应值较大;中华通草蛉和大草蛉对6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇和水杨酸甲酯的反应值较大,七星瓢虫对6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇的反应值最大,为0.96±0.18 mV;4种天敌昆虫对苯甲醛的EAG反应值较低,对反-2-己烯醛无反应。“Y”型管嗅觉测定结果表明,4种天敌昆虫对2-莰烯、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇和水杨酸甲酯具有正趋性。说明4种多食性的捕食性天敌昆虫对麦蚜取食诱导挥发物各组分的嗅觉与行为反应各具特点;寄主麦蚜生境中的嗅觉线索在这4种捕食性天敌昆虫的寄主定位和生境选择中起重要作用。     

Phylogeny of the Nymphaeaceae inferred from

The Nymphaeaceae are one of the most important taxa for understanding the origin and evolution of primitive angiosperms due to its basal position in the cladograms of the angiosperms recently given based both on several gene sequences and on morphological characters, but phylogenetic relationships within the family have not as yet been resolved. The sequences of nrDNA ITS region of 11 species representing seven genera of the Nymphaeaceae and one outgroup, Ceratophyllum demersum, were used to reconstruct the phylogeny of the family using PAUP4.0b4A. Three most parsimonious trees (Length=1125, CI=0.7618 and RI=0.7214) were obtained. In the consensus tree: (1) Nelumbo was basal to the other genera with a bootstrap value of 100% and occupied an isolated position, so it could be separated from the Nymphaeaceae and placed in its own family, Nelumbonaceae, and its own order, Nelumbonales; (2) Nuphar was monophyletic, nested in the basal position of clade II and was strongly supported to be the sister group of the other genera (excluding Nelumbo) of the Nymphaeaceae, suggesting that its traditional inclusion in the Nymphaeaceae should be maintained; (3) Cabomba and Brasenia were sister group and formed a subclade with a bootstrap value of 99%, indicating their close affinity; (4) Nymphaea was strongly supported to be the sister group of a subclade comprising Euryale and Victoria with a bootstrap value of 94%, indicating that they should be placed in the Nymphaeaceae.     

陆地棉SUPERMAN类似锌指蛋白基因的克隆与表达分析

锌指蛋白是生物体内数量最多的转录调控因子,它在动植物的生长发育中都起到十分重要的作用。SUPERMAN类锌指蛋白只含有1个锌指结构。我们根据这类蛋白的保守结构域设计简并引物,通过RT-PCR从棉花中获得了3个这个家族成员的EST,得到1个锌指蛋白基因的全长序列,该基因的编码区长744 bp,编码长248个氨基酸的多肽,其氨基酸序列与GenBank中登录的一个拟南芥RBE蛋白有40%的同源性。此基因被命名为GZFP。它含有保守的锌指结构并在多肽链的C-端具有富含亮氨酸的保守结构域,GZFP含有核定位信号并且没有内含子。GZFP基因在棉花花蕾、子房、花瓣和根中的表达量要高于木质部、韧皮部、叶片、纤维和种子。GZFP基因的表达量很低,在GenBank中没有任何和它同源的EST序列存在。对GZFP 5′侧翼区进行分析发现有数个花粉和根特异表达相关元件,4个与Dof蛋白作用的核心序列,4个与光诱导相关的元件。      

温室番茄干物质分配与产量的模拟分析

根据试验资料及温室番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)作物的生长特性,构建了基于分配指数(Partitioning index,PI)和收获指数(Harvest index,HI)与辐热积(Product of thermal effectiveness and PAR,TEP)关系的番茄干物质分配和产量预测的数学模型,并利用不同品种、基质和地点的试验资料对模型进行检验.模型对番茄地上部分干重、根系干重、茎干重、叶片干重和果干重的预测结果与1∶1直线之间的决定系数(Coefficient of determination,R²)分别为0.95、0.57、0.82、0.79和0.93;统计回归标准误差(Root mean squared error,RMSE)分别为647.0、78.1、279.0、496.9和381.8 kg·hm^-2;对产量的预测结果与1∶1直线之间的R²和RMSE分别为0.88和5 828.5 kg·hm^-2;不仅预测精度较高,且参数少、用户易于获取,为温室番茄模型应用于温室番茄生产的优化管理奠定了基础.     

Hepatitis A Virus 3C Protease Cleaves NEMO To Impair Induction of Beta Interferon

NEMO (NF-κB essential modulator) is a bridging adaptor indispensable for viral activation of interferon (IFN) antiviral response. Herein, we show that hepatitis A virus (HAV) 3C protease (3C^pro) cleaves NEMO at the Q304 residue, negating its signaling adaptor function and abrogating viral induction of IFN-β synthesis via the retinoic acid-inducible gene I/melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (RIG-I/MDA5) and Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) pathways. NEMO cleavage and IFN antagonism, however, were lost upon ablation of the catalytic activity of 3C^pro. These data describe a novel immune evasion mechanism of HAV.     

OsDMI3‐mediated activation of OsMPK1 regulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes in abscisic acid signalling in rice

In rice, the Ca²⁺/calmodulin (CaM)‐dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) OsDMI3 has been shown to be required for abscisic acid (ABA)‐induced antioxidant defence. However, it is not clear how OsDMI3 participates in this process in rice. In this study, the cross‐talk between OsDMI3 and the major ABA‐activated MAPK OsMPK1 in ABA‐induced antioxidant defence was investigated. ABA treatment induced the expression of OsDMI3 and OsMPK1 and the activities of OsDMI3 and OsMPK1 in rice leaves. In the mutant of OsDMI3, the ABA‐induced increases in the expression and the activity of OsMPK1 were substantially reduced. But in the mutant of OsMPK1, the ABA‐induced increases in the expression and the activity of OsDMI3 were not affected. Pretreatments with MAPKK inhibitors also did not affect the ABA‐induced activation of OsDMI3. Further, a transient expression analysis in combination with mutant analysis in rice protoplasts showed that OsMPK1 is required for OsDMI3‐induced increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the production of H₂O₂. Our data indicate that there exists a cross‐talk between OsDMI3 and OsMPK1 in ABA signalling, in which OsDMI3 functions upstream of OsMPK1 to regulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the production of H₂O₂ in rice.     

Antifungal and antiviral products of marine organisms

Marine organisms including bacteria, fungi, algae, sponges, echinoderms, mollusks, and cephalochordates produce a variety of products with antifungal activity including bacterial chitinases, lipopeptides, and lactones; fungal (-)-sclerotiorin and peptaibols, purpurides B and C, berkedrimane B and purpuride; algal gambieric acids A and B, phlorotannins; 3,5-dibromo-2-(3,5-dibromo-2-methoxyphenoxy)phenol, spongistatin 1, eurysterols A and B, nortetillapyrone, bromotyrosine alkaloids, bis-indole alkaloid, ageloxime B and (-)-ageloxime D, haliscosamine, hamigeran G, hippolachnin A from sponges; echinoderm triterpene glycosides and alkene sulfates; molluscan kahalalide F and a 1485-Da peptide with a sequence SRSELIVHQR; and cepalochordate chitotriosidase and a 5026.9-Da antifungal peptide. The antiviral compounds from marine organisms include bacterial polysaccharide and furan-2-yl acetate; fungal macrolide, purpurester A, purpurquinone B, isoindolone derivatives, alterporriol Q, tetrahydroaltersolanol C and asperterrestide A, algal diterpenes, xylogalactofucan, alginic acid, glycolipid sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, sulfated polysaccharide p-KG03, meroditerpenoids, methyl ester derivative of vatomaric acid, lectins, polysaccharides, tannins, cnidarian zoanthoxanthin alkaloids, norditerpenoid and capilloquinol; crustacean antilipopolysaccharide factors, molluscan hemocyanin; echinoderm triterpenoid glycosides; tunicate didemnin B, tamandarins A and B and; tilapia hepcidin 1-5 (TH 1-5), seabream SauMx1, SauMx2, and SauMx3, and orange-spotted grouper β-defensin. Although the mechanisms of antifungal and antiviral activities of only some of the aforementioned compounds have been elucidated, the possibility to use those known to have distinctly different mechanisms, good bioavailability, and minimal toxicity in combination therapy remains to be investigated. It is also worthwhile to test the marine antimicrobials for possible synergism with existing drugs. The prospects of employing them in clinical practice are promising in view of the wealth of these compounds from marine organisms. The compounds may also be used in agriculture and the food industry.