PTSD促进大鼠中缝背核细胞色素c表达

目的研究创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)大鼠中缝背核神经元细胞色素C(Cyt-c)的表达变化。方法应用无连续单一刺激(SPS)方法建立PTSD大鼠模型,随机分为SPS刺激后1d、4d、7d和对照组,应用酶组织化学法和RT-PCR方法观察中缝背核神经元Cyt-c的表达变化。结果光镜酶细胞化学法和RT-PCR法显示中缝背核神经元Cyt-c染色阳性细胞于SPS刺激后1d明显高于对照组,4d逐渐增高,并于7d达到高峰。电镜下显示Cyt-c阳性反应产物主要分布在中缝背核神经元线粒体膜,SPS刺激后可见Cyt-c释放到胞浆中。结论 SPS刺激引起Cyt-c在PTSD大鼠中缝背核神经元呈过表达。     

杜氏盐藻rbcS启动子的克隆和功能分析

为提高转基因盐藻的表达效率,利用基因组步行方法和巢式PCR,从盐藻中克隆了1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶（Rubisco）的小亚基基因rbcS 的5'上游调控序列,并对其进行序列分析和转基因功能分析。采用Dra I、EcoR V、Pvu II和Stu I四种平端限制内切酶分别酶切盐藻基因组DNA,并与接头连接,构建基因组步行文库GWL 1、GWL 2、GWL 3和GWL 4;设计特异引物从这四种文库中扩增rbcS基因的5'上游调控序列。在GWL 1、GWL 4中分别扩增出约1.2 kb的片段。对该序列的分析表明,它的3'端与已知盐藻rbcS cDNA 的5'端序列完全一致,说明是该基因的5'端上游区,并且包含多个与转录调控有关的保守序列（如TATA-box、CAAT-box）,富含GT的重复序列。此序列EcoR I下游的片段与除草剂抗性基因bar相融合,构建表达载体,电击法转化盐藻。通过对转化藻株的抗性筛选以及PCR和Southern blot检测,表明该区域能驱动外源基因bar在转基因盐藻中的表达,推断是盐藻rbcS基因的启动子调控区。     

单级自养脱氮系统中厌氧氨氧化菌的分子生物学鉴定

对具有厌氧氨氧化作用的细菌进行更深入的分析有助于了解该菌在生物脱氮过程的应用。对稳定运行、氨氮转化率及总氮去除率分别达到90%及80%左右的单级自养脱氮系统的底部取活性污泥,采用分子生物学方法提取活性污泥细菌总DNA,利用特异引物Pla46rc/Amx820对单级自养脱氮系统中的厌氧氨氧化菌16S rDNA基因进行PCR扩增。扩增产物经克隆、测序及BLAST分析,结果表明该单级自养脱氮系统中存在的厌氧氨氧化菌与Candidatus Kueneniastuttgartiensis和Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans的16S rDNA序列同源性达99%,进化分析证明与Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis进化上较为接近。     

D-氨基酸在细菌生理中的结构性能和调节功能的研究进展

除最小的甘氨酸外,所有的氨基酸(amino acid,AA)都有手性,以D-氨基酸(DAA)或L-氨基酸(LAA)形式存在。DAA广泛存在于各类生物中,尤其是细菌。DAA虽没有参与蛋白质合成,但DAA尤其是非典型DAA在细菌生理中具有很多特殊功能。在结构性能方面,DAA是细菌细胞壁肽聚糖的重要组分,并参与组成某些非核糖体合成途径产生的生物多肽,少数细菌能产生含有D-Glu的γ-聚谷氨酸。对细胞个体而言,DAA能调节细菌表面电荷和自溶素活性,抑制细菌芽胞萌发,调节稳定期细胞壁的重塑及调节病原菌的毒力等。对细菌群落而言,DAA对生物膜的解聚和细菌生态也具有调控作用。此外,某些DAA还能直接作为营养支持某些细菌的生长,而有的DAA则具有抑菌作用。本文主要综述了DAA在细菌生理过程中发挥多项功能的研究进展。     

Fingerprinting trifoliate orange germ plasm accessions with isozymes, RFLPs, and inter-simple sequence repeat markers

 Trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] is frequently used as a parent in citrus rootstock breeding, but the origin and amount of genetic diversity in germ plasm collections are poorly understood. Most accessions are self-compatible, but produce a mixture of sexual and apomictic seedlings. Variation among 48 vegetatively propagated trifoliate orange accessions was assessed at seven isozyme loci, together with the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected by 38 probe-enzyme combinations and the inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers generated by 11 primers. Isozymes and RFLPs detected few polymorphisms among accessions, although genetic analysis has shown that the common phenotype is heterozygous for four isozyme and at least four RFLP loci. ISSR amplification generated multiple banding profiles with an average of 58 fragments/primer/accession. These fragments were repeatable across DNA samples extracted from different trees of the same accession or extracted at different times, and across separate PCR runs. Seventeen unique marker phenotypes were identified. The 48 trifoliate orange accessions were classified into four major groups based on polymorphic ISSR markers. All large-flowered accessions are in group 4, while small-flowered accessions are in group 3. Many ISSR markers segregated in progeny derived by open-pollination (probably mostly selfing) of a common accession, indicating that these ISSR markers are also heterozygous. Accessions having identical genotypes for a large number of heterozygous markers are unlikely to have diverged by recombination. Thus the limited divergence we detected among most accessions most likely originated by mutation. ‘Monoembryonic’ and ‘Simmons’ differed from other accessions only in the loss of specific markers, indicating that they originated as zygotic seedlings of individuals similar to the common genotype. Three accessions recently introduced from China have relatively different fingerprints with 3–14 unique ISSR markers, and probably represent a much more divergent germ plasm that may be a valuable breeding resource. Received: 8 August 1996 / Accepted: 21 March 1997     

高光谱技术——生态学领域研究的新方法

高光谱技术是一种新的地物探测技术,该技术以其敏锐的地物光谱特征探测能力为精准识别地物属性提供了强有力的手段,在生态系统过程与属性研究中具有广阔的应用前景。该文以可见光-近红外光谱分析技术为例概述了高光谱技术的原理、特点与优势,以及高光谱技术分析的流程;总结并归纳了其在土壤、植物生理、农产品品质检测、凋落物分解方面的研究应用,指出高光谱技术与遥感成像技术结合在生态监测研究中的优势;归纳了高光谱技术应用中面临的问题,并希望高光谱技术在生态学领域研究中得到更广泛的应用。     

中药山豆根的研究进展

本文对中药山豆根进行了本草考证,并概括总结了半个世纪以来国内外对山豆根(广豆根)和北豆根在生药学研究、化学成分、药理作用与临床应用等方面的研究成果,为山豆根的进一步研究提供参考。全文附参考文献105篇。     

全雌系苦瓜ACC氧化酶基因cDNA克隆及序列分析

为研究1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸氧化酶(ACC氧化酶,ACO)基因在苦瓜性别分化中的作用,以全雌系苦瓜‘X-Hei-d-d’花蕾为试材,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术获得了ACC氧化酶基因(Mc-ACO1)的全长cDNA序列。该序列为1 137 bp(GenBank登录号:FJ459813),其完整开放阅读框长1 005 bp,编码334个氨基酸,预测分子量为37.30 kD,肽链N端缺失ACOs家族典型的1个保守区和2个保守二价铁离子/抗坏血酸依赖型双加氧酶氨基酸残基。序列分析表明,植物ACO基因的演化与其来源植物亲缘关系的一致性较高;与其他物种相比,苦瓜Mc-ACO1不同的氨基酸序列主要表现在肽链N端;苦瓜Mc-ACO1应属于黄瓜Cs-ACO2类成员,功能可能与性别分化相关。     

Passive protective effect of egg-yolk antibodies against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88+ infection in neonatal and early-weaned piglets

The protective effects of egg-yolk antibodies obtained from hens immunized with fimbrial antigens from a local strain (Escherichia coli K88+ MB, Manitoba, Canada) of K88+ piliated enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) were evaluated in 3- and 21-day-old piglets in which ETEC diarrhea was induced and also in early-weaned piglets in a commercial farm. The results demonstrated that the E. coli K88+ MB-induced diarrhea in 3-day-old piglets was cured 24 h after treating with egg-yolk antibodies while those treated with egg-yolk powder from conventional hens continued to have diarrhea and 62.5% of them died of severe diarrhea. For 21-day-old weaned piglets, those fed egg-yolk antibodies had transient diarrhea, positive body weight gains and 100% survival during the period of the experiment, whereas control piglets that were treated with placebo had severe diarrhea and dehydration and some died within 48 h after infection. In the field trial, the incidence and severity of diarrhea of 14-18-day-old weaned piglets fed egg-yolk antibodies were much lower than in those fed a commercial diet containing an antibiotic. These results indicate that the neonatal and early-weaned piglets that received the egg-yolk antibodies were protected against ETEC infection.