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61.
Membrane transport changes in human lens epithelial (HLE‐B3) cells under hyposmotic and apoptotic stress were compared. Cell potassium content, Ki, uptake of the K congener rubidium, Rbi, and water content were measured after hyposmotic stress induced by hypotonicity, and apoptotic stress by the protein‐kinase inhibitor staurosporine (STP). Cell water increased in hyposmotic (150 mOsm) as compared to isosmotic (300 mOsm) balanced salt solution (BSS) by >2‐fold at 5 min and decreased within 15 min to baseline values accompanied by a 40% Ki loss commensurate with cell swelling and subsequent cell shrinkage likely due to regulatory volume decrease (RVD). Loss of Ki, and accompanying water, and Rbi uptake in hyposmotic BSS were prevented by clotrimazole (CTZ) suggesting water shifts associated with K and Rb flux via intermediate conductance K (IK) channels, also detected at the mRNA and protein level. In contrast, 2 h after 2 µM STP exposure, the cells lost ~40% water and ~60% Ki, respectively, consistent with apoptotic volume decrease (AVD). Indeed, water and Ki loss was at least fivefold greater after hyposmotic than after apoptotic stress. High extracellular K and 2 mM 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) but not CTZ significantly reduced apoptosis. Annexin labeling phosphatidylserine (PS) at 15 min suggested loss of lipid asymmetry. Quantitative PCR revealed significant IK channel expression during prolonged hyposmotic stress. Results suggest in HLE‐B3 cells, IK channels likely partook in and were down regulated after RVD, whereas pro‐apoptotic STP‐activation of 4‐AP‐sensitive voltage‐gated K channels preceded or accompanied PS externalization before subsequent apoptosis. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 110–122, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
62.
P J Adragna C A Privitera 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry》1979,64(2):219-224
1. Three purported zinc metalloenzymes have been investigated from cell cultures of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). 2. With the addition of increasingly higher concentrations of zinc to the tissue culture medium, the specific activity of LDH increased. 3. The results with MDH were equivocal. 4. The specific activity of alkaline phosphatase decreased in the presence of increasing amounts of zinc in the growth medium. 5. Zinc exogenously added to the LDH enzyme assay did not alter the LDH enzyme activity of cells grown without zinc. 相似文献
63.
K-Cl cotransport (COT) is the coupled movement of K and Cl, present in most cells, associated with regulatory volume decrease,
susceptible to oxidation and functionally overexpressed in sickle cell anemia. The aim of this study was to characterize the
effect of the oxidant nitrite (NO2
−) on K-Cl COT. NO2
− is a stable metabolic end product of the short-lived highly reactive free radical nitric oxide (NO), an oxidant and modulator
of ion channels, and a vasodilator. In some systems, the response to NO2
− is identical to that of NO. We hypothesized that NO2
− activates K-Cl COT. Low potassium (LK) sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) were used as a model. The effect of various concentrations
(10−6 to 10−1
m) of NaNO2 was studied on K efflux in hypotonic Cl and NO3 media, Cl-dependent K efflux (K-Cl COT), glutathione (GSH), and methemoglobin (MetHb) formation. In support of our hypothesis,
K efflux and K-Cl COT were stimulated by increasing concentrations of NaNO2. Stimulation of K efflux was dependent upon external Cl and exhibited a lag phase, consistent with activation of K-Cl COT
through a regulatory mechanism. Exposure of LK SRBCs to NaNO2 decreased GSH, an effect characteristic of a thiol-oxidizing agent, and induced MetHb formation. K-Cl COT activity was positively
correlated with Methb formation. N-ethyl-maleimide (NEM), a potent activator of K-Cl COT, was used to assess the mechanism
of NO2
− action. The results suggest that NEM and NO2
− utilize at least one common pathway for K-Cl COT activation. Since NaNO2 is also a well known vasodilator, the present findings suggest a role of K-Cl COT in vasodilation.
Received: 15 January 1998/Revised: 3 September 1998 相似文献
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