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JF Yuan SJ Zhang O Jafer RA Furlong OE Chausiaux CA Sargent GH Zhang NA Affara 《BMC microbiology》2009,9(1):246
Background
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alphaherpesviruses whose native host is pig. PRV infection mainly causes signs of central nervous system disorder in young pigs, and respiratory system diseases in the adult. 相似文献86.
Dilutable nanoemulsions are potent drug delivery vehicles for ophthalmic use due to their numerous advantages as sustained
effect and high ability of drug penetration into the deeper layers of the ocular structure and the aqueous humor. The aim
of this article was to formulate the antiglaucoma drug dorzolamide hydrochloride as ocular nanoemulsion of high therapeutic
efficacy and prolonged effect. Thirty-six systems consisting of different oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants were prepared
and their pseudoternary-phase diagrams were constructed by water titration method. Seventeen dorzolamide hydrochloride nanoemulsions
were prepared and evaluated for their physicochemical and drug release properties. These nanoemulsions showed acceptable physicochemical
properties and exhibited slow drug release. Draize rabbit eye irritation test and histological examination were carried out
for those preparations exhibiting superior properties and revealed that they were nonirritant. Biological evaluation of dorzolamide
hydrochloride nanoemulsions on normotensive albino rabbits indicated that these products had higher therapeutic efficacy,
faster onset of action, and prolonged effect relative to either drug solution or the market product. Formulation of dorzolamide
hydrochloride in a nanoemulsion form offers, thus, a more intensive treatment of glaucoma, a decrease in the number of applications
per day, and a better patient compliance compared to conventional eye drops. 相似文献
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Shaleen K Botting Hala Fouad Kyler Elwell Bill A Rampy Salama A Salama Daniel H Freeman Concepcion R Diaz-Arrastia 《Translational oncology》2010,3(3):170-175
Cervical cancer is known to metastasize primarily by the lymphatic system. Dissemination through lymphatic vessels represents an early step in regional tumor progression, and the presence of lymphatic metastasis is associated with a poor prognosis. In patients who have undergone a radical hysterectomy, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), assessed on hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides, is a major factor for adjuvant therapy in patients with cervical cancer. With the advent of a lymphatic endothelial cell-specific marker, such as D2-40, it is now possible to distinguish between blood and lymphatic space invasion (LSI). In this study, the utility of D2-40 was assessed for the detection of lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and identification of LSI. The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), VEGF-C, tyrosine receptor kinase-2, and angiopoietin-1 were assessed by immunohistochemical methods on 50 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Clinicopathologic characteristics, including pelvic lymph node metastasis, were correlated with the above histochemical findings. We found that lymphangiogenesis, measured by an increase in peritumoral LVD, was significantly associated with positive lymph node status (P < .005). VEGFR-3 expression was significantly associated with LVD (P < .05). D2-40 staining verified LSI (P = .03) and surpassed that of hematoxylin and eosin-identified LVSI (P = .54). In conclusion, lymphangiogenic markers, specifically LVD quantified by D2-40 and VEGFR-3, are independently associated with LSI and lymph node metastasis in patients with early squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. 相似文献
89.
Specific inherent optical properties (SIOP) of the Berau coastal waters were derived from in situ measurements and inversion
of an ocean color model. Field measurements of water-leaving reflectance, total suspended matter (TSM), and chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations were carried out during the 2007 dry season. The highest values for SIOP were found in the turbid waters,
decreasing in value when moving toward offshore waters. The specific backscattering coefficient of TSM varied by an order
of magnitude and ranged from 0.003 m2 g−1, for clear open ocean waters, to 0.020 m2 g−1, for turbid waters. On the other hand, the specific absorption coefficient of Chl a was relatively constant over the whole study area and ranged from 0.022 m2 mg−1, for the turbid shallow estuary waters, to 0.027 m2 mg−1, for deeper shelf edge ocean waters. The spectral slope of colored dissolved organic matter light absorption was also derived
with values ranging from 0.015 to 0.011 nm−1. These original derived values of SIOP in the Berau estuary form a corner stone for future estimation of TSM and Chl a concentration from remote sensing data in tropical equatorial waters. 相似文献
90.
Mohammed Abu El-Magd Ayman A. Saleh Reda M. Abd El-Aziz Mohammed F. Salama 《Development genes and evolution》2014,224(4-6):245-253
Expression of chick early B cell factor 1-3 (cEbf1-3) genes in regions of high retinoic acid (RA) activity, such as somites and pharyngeal arches (PAs), and regulation of other EBF members by RA raise the possibility that the internal cue RA may regulate cEbf1-3 expression in these tissues. To check this possibility, RA gain and loss of function experiments were conducted. Ectopic expression of RA led to up-regulation of cEbf2, 3 but did not change cEbf1 expression in somites. Expectedly, inhibition of RA by disulfiram resulted in downregulation of cEbf2, 3, but did not change cEbf1 expression in somites. The same RA gain and loss of function experiments did not change cEbf1-3 expression in PAs. However, ectopic expression of RA in the cranial neural tube before migration of neural crest cells downregulated cEbf1, 3 and up-regulated cEbf2 expression in the PAs. The same experiment, but with application of disulfiram, resulted in downregulation of cEbf2, but did not alter the expression of the other two genes. We conclude that the three cEbf genes act differently in response to RA signals in somitic mesoderm. cEbf1 may be not RA dependant in somites; however, the other two cEbf genes positively respond to RA signalling in somites. Additionally, only the migratory cEbf-expressing cells into the PAs are affected by RA signals. 相似文献