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Background
Metabolic disorders such as Obesity, Diabetes Type 2 (T2DM) and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are the most prevalent globally. Recently, there has been a surge in the evidence indicating the correlation between the intestinal microbiota and development of these metabolic conditions apart from predisposing genetic and epigenetic factors. Gut microbiome is pivotal in controlling the host metabolism and physiology. But imbalances in the microbiota patterns lead to these disorders via several pathways. Animal and human studies so far have concentrated mostly on metagenomics for the whole microbiome characterization to understand how microbiome supports health in general. However, the accurate mechanisms connecting the metabolic disorders and alterations in gut microbial composition in host and the metabolites employed by the microorganisms in regulating the metabolic disorders is still vague.Objective
The review delineates the latest findings about the role of gut microbiome to the pathophysiology of Obesity, IBD and Diabetes Mellitus. Here, we provide a brief introduction to the gut microbiome followed by the current therapeutic interventions in restoration of the disrupted intestinal microbiota.Methods
A methodical PubMed search was performed using keywords like “gut microbiome,” “obesity,” “diabetes,” “IBD,” and “metabolic syndromes.” All significant and latest publications up to January 2018 were accounted for the review.Results
Out of the 93 articles cited, 63 articles focused on the gut microbiota association to these disorders. The rest 18 literature outlines the therapeutic approaches in maintaining the gut homeostasis using probiotics, prebiotics and faecal microbial transplant (FMT).Conclusion
Metabolic disorders have intricate etiology and thus a lucid understanding of the complex host-microbiome inter-relationships will open avenues to novel therapeutics for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the metabolic diseases.32.
Mani Suganya Balasubramanian Mythili Gnanamangai Chandramohan Govindasamy Mohamed Farouk Elsadek Arivalagan Pugazhendhi Veeramani Chinnadurai Arokiyaraj Selvaraj Balasubramani Ravindran Soon Woong Chang Ponnusamy Ponmurugan 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2019,26(4):767-776
The present study reports the validation of cancer nanotherapy using proanthocyanidin (PAC). Nowadays, in vitro and in vivo deliveries of nanoparticle (NPs) drugs have been paid more attention, intensively. Moreover, the current chemotherapeutic drugs have few first rate drawbacks including lack of specificity and requirement of excessive drug doses. To overcome this problem of chemotherapy, the attainment of high drug loading in combination with degradable polymer nanoparticles (for instance,chitosan) is a trending research in cancer biology. Hence, in this study, the synthesized PAC-AgNPs were successfully crosslinked with chitosan nanoparticles (CS-PAC-AgNPs), which were found to be spherical or polygonal in shape with a median size of 70.68 nm and 52.16 nm as observed by FTIR, FESEM and TEM analysis; thus, being suitable for drug delivery. CS-PAC-AgNPs were taken up via endocytosis by cancer cells and enabled the release cytochrome-C from mitochondria, followed by dysregulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 family, inducing the apoptotic mediated activation of caspase 9 and 3. To identify the genotoxicity of the synthesized CS-PAC-AgNPs, the mortality, hatching rate, malformation and abnormalities of embryo/larvae of the vertebrate zebra fish model (Danio rerio) were observed in a dose-time-dependent manner. This improved cancer nanotherapy can thus be utilized as a novel nanocombination for inducing apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. 相似文献
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Mythili Yenjerla Andreas Panopoulos Caroline Reynaud Rati Fotedar Robert L. Margolis 《Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)》2013,12(5):837-838
Comment on: Fu G, et al. Sci Signal. 2011; 4:ra84. 相似文献
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Hong Lewis Z Hong Shuzhen Wong Han Teng Aw Pauline PK Cheng Yan Wilm Andreas de Sessions Paola F Lim Seng Gee Nagarajan Niranjan Hibberd Martin L Quake Stephen R Burkholder William F 《Genome biology》2014,15(11):1-14
Epidemiologists aim to inform the design of public health interventions with evidence on the evolution, emergence and spread of infectious diseases. Sequencing of pathogen genomes, together with date, location, clinical manifestation and other relevant data about sample origins, can contribute to describing nearly every aspect of transmission dynamics, including local transmission and global spread. The analyses of these data have implications for all levels of clinical and public health practice, from institutional infection control to policies for surveillance, prevention and treatment. This review highlights the range of epidemiological questions that can be addressed from the combination of genome sequence and traditional ‘line lists’ (tables of epidemiological data where each line includes demographic and clinical features of infected individuals). We identify opportunities for these data to inform interventions that reduce disease incidence and prevalence. By considering current limitations of, and challenges to, interpreting these data, we aim to outline a research agenda to accelerate the genomics-driven transformation in public health microbiology. 相似文献
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Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are large proteinaceous assemblies that provide the only known portals for exchanging macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. This includes the movement of small molecules and the selective, facilitated transport of large proteins and RNAs. Faithful, continuous NPC assembly is key for maintaining normal physiological function and is closely tied to proper cell division. This review focuses on the most outstanding issues involving NPC structure, assembly, and function. 相似文献
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Akanksha Jain Mythili Kameswaran Usha Pandey Kumar Prabhash Haladhar Dev Sarma Ashutosh Dash 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2017,27(19):4552-4557
Molecular imaging using radiolabeled Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) is a promising strategy for detection and staging of EGFR-positive cancers. A novel analogue of one such TKI, Erlotinib has been developed for PET imaging by derivatizing the parent Erlotinib molecule for conjugation with the bifunctional chelator p-SCN-Bn-NOTA towards radiolabeling with 68Ga. NOTA-Erlotinib conjugate was synthesized and characterized by NMR and ESI-MS techniques. The conjugate was radiolabeled with 68Ga in 95 ± 2% yield, as evidenced by HPLC characterization. The log P value of 68Ga-NOTA-Erlotinib was – (0.6 ± 0.1). The 68Ga-NOTA-Erlotinib conjugate was characterized using its natGa-NOTA-Erlotinib surrogate. Cell viability studies showed that the NOTA-Erlotinib conjugate retained the biological efficacy of the parent Erlotinib molecule. Further, 68Ga-NOTA-Erlotinib exhibited an uptake of 9.8 ± 0.4% in A431 cells which was inhibited by 55.1 ± 0.2% on addition of cold Erlotinib (10 µg) confirming the specificity of the radioconjugate for EGFR expressing cells. In the biodistribution studies carried out in tumor bearing SCID mice, 68Ga-NOTA-Erlotinib conjugate showed moderate tumor accumulation (1.5 ± 0.1% ID/g at 30 min p.i.; 0.7 ± 0.2% ID/g at 1 h p.i.). Hepatobiliary clearance of the radioconjugate was observed. The 68Ga-NOTA-Erlotinib conjugate was found to have high in vivo stability as determined by the metabolite analysis study using urine sample of the Swiss mice injected with the preparation. The overall properties of 68Ga-NOTA-Erlotinib are promising and merit further exploration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the design of a 68Ga labeled Erlotinib for PET imaging of EGFR and opens avenues for the successful development of 68Ga labeled TKI for imaging of EGFR over-expressing tumors. 相似文献
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M. Govarthanan R. Mythili T. Selvankumar S. Kamala-Kannan Dubok Choi Young-Cheol Chang 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2017,22(2):186-194
Objective of the study was to isolate heavy metal resistant bacteria from chromium-contaminated subsurface soil and investigate biosurfactant production and heavy metal bioremediation. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis, the isolate was identified as Rahnella sp. RM. The biosurfactant production by heavy metal resistant Rahnella sp. RM was optimized using Box- Behnken design (BBD). The maximum emulsification activity was obtained 66% at 6% soybean meal in pH 7.0 and 33.5°C. The biosurfactant was characterized using Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). The highest metal removal rates using the biosurfactant were found 74.3, 72.5, and 70.1%, respectively, at the 100 mg/L amended flasks at 48 h. This study indicated the biosurfactant from heavy metal resistant Rahnella sp. RM could be used as a potential tool to remediate the metals in contaminated environments. 相似文献