全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2294篇 |
免费 | 323篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
2619篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 25篇 |
2021年 | 30篇 |
2019年 | 24篇 |
2017年 | 26篇 |
2016年 | 40篇 |
2015年 | 55篇 |
2014年 | 73篇 |
2013年 | 85篇 |
2012年 | 131篇 |
2011年 | 114篇 |
2010年 | 64篇 |
2009年 | 67篇 |
2008年 | 101篇 |
2007年 | 94篇 |
2006年 | 81篇 |
2005年 | 82篇 |
2004年 | 92篇 |
2003年 | 97篇 |
2002年 | 71篇 |
2001年 | 70篇 |
2000年 | 57篇 |
1999年 | 42篇 |
1998年 | 21篇 |
1997年 | 26篇 |
1996年 | 31篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 20篇 |
1993年 | 30篇 |
1992年 | 61篇 |
1991年 | 57篇 |
1990年 | 51篇 |
1989年 | 48篇 |
1988年 | 64篇 |
1987年 | 57篇 |
1986年 | 45篇 |
1985年 | 39篇 |
1984年 | 25篇 |
1983年 | 23篇 |
1980年 | 22篇 |
1979年 | 19篇 |
1977年 | 22篇 |
1976年 | 20篇 |
1975年 | 19篇 |
1974年 | 24篇 |
1973年 | 24篇 |
1972年 | 21篇 |
1971年 | 32篇 |
1968年 | 19篇 |
1967年 | 18篇 |
1966年 | 20篇 |
排序方式: 共有2619条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
In reviewing the peripheral hematologic manifestations, bone marrow changes and clinical course in 41 consecutive patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), frequent findings included anemia (95%), leukopenia (76%), bone marrow hypercellularity (73%) and pancytopenia (41%). These hematologic abnormalities were not clearly associated with specific clinical manifestations of AIDS, but support the conclusion that the hematopoietic system is a target organ in AIDS. The mechanisms of these abnormalities still need to be evaluated. Clinicians should be aware of these commonly encountered changes. 相似文献
12.
Summary Leaf water potentials, osmotic properties and structural characteristics were examined in the Australian tropical rainforest tree species, Castanospermum australe. These features were compared for individuals growing in the understorey and canopy of the undisturbed forest and in an open pasture from which the forest had been cleared. Leaf water potentials during the day declined to significantly lower values in the open-grown and canopy trees than in the understorey trees. During most of the day the opengrown tree experienced the lowest water potentials. These differences were paralleled by significant differences in tissue osmotic properties. The tissue osmotic potential at full hydration was lowest in the open-grown tree (-1.80 MPa), intermediate in the canopy trees (-1.38 MPa), and highest in the understorey trees (-0.80 MPa). As a result, the degree to which high and positive turgor pressures were maintained as water potentials declined was highest in the open-grown tree, intermediate in the canopy trees, and lowest in the understorey trees. The differences in tissue osmotic properties between individuals in the three crown positions were paralleled, in turn, by differences in leaf structual characteristics. Relative to leaves of the canopy and open-grown trees, leaves of the understorey trees had significantly larger epidermal cells with thinner cell walls, larger specific leaf areas and turgid weight: dry weight ratios, and a higher proportion of intercellular air space.Abbreviations 1
Leaf tissue water potential
- min
Lowest value of 1 during the day ( noon)
-
P=0 1
zero turgor
-
R
Relative water content
-
P
Tissue turgor pressure
-
Tissue osmotic potential
- 0
at full hydration 相似文献
13.
J. W. DeVerna J. R. Myers G. B. Collins 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1987,73(5):665-671
Summary In vitro pollination of placenta attached ovules was useful in bypassing unilateral incongruity barriers for several Nicotiana interspecific hybrid combinations (N. tabacum cv. Ky 17 X N. amplexicaulis, Ky 17 X N. benthamiana, and Ky 17 X N. repanda). By measuring the pollen tube growth over time, prefertilization barriers were determined to be the cause of the incongruity. Seedling necrosis was a problem in the development of the N. amplexicaulis hybrid and it prevented maturation of the N. repanda hybrid. Callus produced from cotyledons of the N. amplexicaulis hybrid eventually resulted in plants that survived to maturity. This procedure was not successful for the N. repanda materials. The N. amplexicaulis and N. benthamiana hybrids were sterile but following chromosome doubling by midrib culture, male and female fertile plants were produced.Conventional hybridization, fertilized ovule culture, and in vitro pollination were unsuccessful in obtaining hybrids of Ky 17 crossed with N. arentsii or N. bonariensis. Apparently, strong postfertilization barriers prevent the production of viable seed of these hybrids. Each of the N. repanda — N. tabacum reciprocal hybrids could not be rescued using callus culture; this adds support to the existence of strong sexual postfertilization barriers. A recent report, however, showed that it was possible to obtain this hybrid using the technique of somatic hybridization. Thus, it appears that it may also be possible to obtain asexual hybrids of N. arentsii and N. bonariensis with N. tabacum.The investigations reported herein were supported by USDA/SEA/CRGO Project 59-2213-1-1-613-0 and the paper (No. 86-3-137) is published with approval of the Director of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment StationThe research reported in this paper is in partial fulfillment of the Ph.D. requirements for the senior author 相似文献
14.
Carbohydrate components (simple sugars and polysaccharides) of cell walls of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L., cv. Gahi) were studied as potential substrates for the root-associated diazotroph Azospirillum brasiliense Sp. 7. Simple sugars were utilized, but no evidence was obtained to support the suggestion that the polysaccharide components tested might serve as substrates for growth following hydrolysis by the associated azospirilla. 相似文献
15.
Thermodynamic characterization of interactions between ornithine transcarbamylase leader peptide and phospholipid bilayer membranes 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The interactions of the targeting sequence of the mitochondrial enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase with phospholipid bilayers of different molecular compositions have been studied by high-sensitivity heating and cooling differential scanning calorimetry, high-sensitivity isothermal titration calorimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. These studies indicate that the leader peptide interacts strongly with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayer membranes containing small mole percents of the anionic phospholipids dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) or brain phosphatidylserine (brain PS) but not with pure phosphatidylcholines. For the first time, the energetics of the leader peptide-membrane interaction have been measured directly by using calorimetric techniques. At 20 degrees C, the association of the peptide with the membrane is exothermic and characterized by an association constant of 2.3 X 10(6) M-1 in the case of phosphatidylglycerol-containing and 0.35 X 10(6) M-1 in the case of phosphatidylserine-containing phospholipid bilayers. In both cases, the enthalpy of association is -60 kcal/mol of peptide. Additional experiments using fluorescence techniques suggest that the peptide does not penetrate deeply into the hydrophobic core of the membrane. The addition of the leader peptide to DPPC/DPPG (5:1) or DPPC/brain PS (5:1) small sonicated vesicles results in vesicle fusion. The fusion process is dependent on peptide concentration and is maximal at the phase transition temperature of the vesicles and minimal at temperatures below the phase transition. 相似文献
16.
17.
Given a sequenceA and regular expressionR, theapproximate regular expression matching problem is to find a sequence matchingR whose optimal alignment withA is the highest scoring of all such sequences. This paper develops an algorithm to solve the problem in timeO(MN), whereM andN are the lengths ofA andR. Thus, the time requirement is asymptotically no worse than for the simpler problem of aligning two fixed sequences. Our
method is superior to an earlier algorithm by Wagner and Seiferas in several ways. First, it treats real-valued costs, in
addition to integer costs, with no loss of asymptotic efficiency. Second, it requires onlyO(N) space to deliver just the score of the best alignment. Finally, its structure permits implementation techniques that make
it extremely fast in practice. We extend the method to accommodate gap penalties, as required for typical applications in
molecular biology, and further refine it to search for substrings ofA that strongly align with a sequence inR, as required for typical data base searches. We also show how to deliver an optimal alignment betweenA andR in onlyO(N+logM) space usingO(MN logM) time. Finally, anO(MN(M+N)+N
2logN) time algorithm is presented for alignment scoring schemes where the cost of a gap is an arbitrary increasing function of
its length. 相似文献
18.
A very wide range of plant organ movements have been described and yet it is not clear how each of them is related to the others. This uncertainty has had two undesirable consequences. Firstly, some workers have accepted the idea of a vague unity in the area and have subsequently been misled by information obtained in one system and applied without adequate justification to a study of a quite different system. Secondly, some researchers have evoked a possible diversity to explain why a particular mechanistic explanation may continue to be valid even when the model fails to explain events of a very similar nature in a slightly different system. We argue that this confusion has resulted from a classification of organ movements which has been based on functional rather than on mechanistic considerations. Mechanistic unity is to be expected on evolutionary grounds. This unity, however, may apply only to certain elements of the stimulus-response chain, at certain levels of organization. It follows from this that in seeking this unity, comparisons should be made between equivalent elements of the stimulus-response chain at the same level of organization in different systems. Only when this is done will theories built around the concept of unity provoke meaningful discussion. 相似文献
19.
T Pihlajaniemi J McKeon S Gay R Gay W J de Wet J C Myers D J Prockop 《The Biochemical journal》1989,257(2):439-445
Fibroblasts from two lethal variants of osteogenesis imperfecta were shown to synthesize increased amounts of type IV procollagen. Previous studies established that one of these variants had a non-functional allele for the pro alpha 2 chain of type I procollagen, whereas the other pro alpha 2(I) allele contained a mutation leading to synthesis of shortened pro alpha 2(I) chains. In the two variants, the relative level of mRNA for pro alpha 1(IV) was 31 and 42% of the level of mRNA for pro alpha 1(I) chains. A value of less than 2% was found for a third lethal and four non-lethal variants of osteogenesis imperfecta. Immunofluorescent staining of fibroblasts from the two variants synthesizing increased amounts of type IV procollagen indicated that a homogeneous population of cells synthesized both type IV and type I procollagen. The results suggest that mutations in the type I procollagen genes that result in osteogenesis imperfecta can be associated with increased expression of the genes for type IV procollagen. 相似文献
20.
Renato V. La Rocca Cy A. Stein Romano Danesi Charles E. Myers 《The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology》1990,37(6):893-898
Suramin, a polyanionic compound originally synthesized for use as an antiparasitic agent, has recently entered clinical trials for the treatment of a variety of human cancers refractory to conventional modalities of therapy. This is based on suramin's ability to bind and to inactivate growth factor and enzyme systems critical to cellular homeostasis and proliferation. In addition, this compound possesses adrenocorticolytic properties in vivo and exerts significant cytostatic and cytocidal effects against a variety of human tumor cell lines in vitro. Pilot studies using suramin have thus far been conducted in adrenocortical carcinoma, prostate cancer refractory to conventional hormonal manipulation and nodular lymphomas. 相似文献