Difference in Behavior Between Responses to Forskolin and General Odorants in Turtle Vomeronasal Organ

To elucidate the signal transduction mechanisms in the turtlevomeronasal receptor neurons, the effects of forskolin, changesin mucosal Ca²⁺ concentrations and ruthenium red on the responsesof the accessory olfactory bulb to general odorants were examined.Forskolin elicited a large response, suggesting that there arecAMP-gated channels in the vomeronasal neurons. On the otherhand, the dependence of the responses to general odorants onCa²⁺ concentrations was different from that of the responseto forskolin. A large response to an odorant (n-amyl acetate)appeared after the cAMP-mediated pathway was fully desensitizedby application of 50 µM forskolin. These results suggestthat the cAMP-mediated pathway does not contribute significantlyto generation of the response to general odorants. A concentrationof 50 µM ruthenium red significantly reduced the responsesto n-amyl acetate alone and after 50 µM forskolin desensitization,suggesting that the inositol triphosphate-mediated pathway contributespartly to generation of the responses to general odorants inthe vomeronasal neurons. Chem Senses 21: 763–771, 1996.     

A New Locus of Escherichia coli That Determines Sensitivity to Bacteriophage φX174

A new gene designated phxB, necessary for adsorption of phiX174 to the cell surface of Escherichia coli, is located between gal and aroG on the E. coli chromosome.