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排序方式: 共有121条查询结果,搜索用时 593 毫秒
31.
Victor John Sundar Arumugam Gnanamani Chellappa Muralidharan Narasiman Kannan Chandrababu Asit Baran Mandal 《Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology》2011,10(2):151-163
Hides and skins, by-product of the meat industry is converted into a value added product namely leather by the tanners. Tanning
essentially is the process of converting raw hides and skins into imputrescible substance. The tanning process has number
of steps and generates significant quantities of by products and wastes. These solid and liquid wastes pose major environmental
problem if not managed effectively. Large–scale production systems are adopted for leather processing in clusters and therefore,
the industry receives focus of environmentalists and society. Consequently tremendous pressure is exerted by various pollution
regulatory bodies. The hides and skins, after trimming, removal of flesh and fat, are treated with chemicals, which cross-link
the collagen fibers to form a stable, durable material. The chemicals used may be derived from traditional vegetable products,
or inorganic metal salts. During leather processing number of size reduction, leveling and purification operations are carried
out which results in generation of untanned and tanned proteinous waste materials. In this paper, various recovery processes
and utilization methodologies of proteinous solid wastes, emanating from leather processing operations prior to tanning is
reviewed. 相似文献
32.
Mrinalini Muralidharan Kristina Buss Katherine E. Larrimore Nicholas A. Segerson Latha Kannan Tsafrir S. Mor 《Plant molecular biology》2013,81(6):565-576
Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that is intimately associated with regulation of synaptic transmission in the cholinergic nervous system and in neuromuscular junctions of animals. However the presence of cholinesterase activity has been described also in non-metazoan organisms such as slime molds, fungi and plants. More recently, a gene purportedly encoding for acetylcholinesterase was cloned from maize. We have cloned the Arabidopsis thaliana homolog of the Zea mays gene, At3g26430, and studied its biochemical properties. Our results indicate that the protein encoded by the gene exhibited lipase activity with preference to long chain substrates but did not hydrolyze choline esters. The At3g26430 protein belongs to the SGNH clan of serine hydrolases, and more specifically to the GDS(L) lipase family. 相似文献
33.
Kaur Harsimran Shankarnarayana Shamanth A. Hallur Vinaykumar Muralidharan Jayashree Biswal Manisha Ghosh Anup K. Ray Pallab Chakrabarti Arunaloke Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. 《Mycopathologia》2020,185(2):257-268
Mycopathologia - A sudden rise of Candida krusei candidemia cases was noticed in our hospital within 1 year with maximum cases from paediatric unit. The present study reports the results... 相似文献
34.
35.
Glucose induced translation of insulin in pancreatic beta cells is mediated by the 5'UTR of insulin mRNA. We determined the minimal sequence/structure in the 5'UTR of rat insulin gene1 for this regulation. We show that specific factors in the pancreatic islets bind to the 5'UTR of the insulin mRNA upon glucose stimulation. We identified a minimal 29-nucleotide element in the 5'UTR that is sufficient to form the complex, and confer glucose mediated translation activation. Conserved residues in the predicted stem loop region of the un-translated region (UTR) seem to be important for the complex formation and the translation regulation. 相似文献
36.
Muralidharan Chandrakesan Debanjan Bhowmik Bidyut Sarkar Rajiv Abhyankar Harwinder Singh Mamata Kallianpur Sucheta P. Dandekar Perunthiruthy K. Madhu Sudipta Maiti Venus Singh Mithu 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(50):30099-30107
Aβ self-assembles into parallel cross-β fibrillar aggregates, which is associated with Alzheimer''s disease pathology. A central hairpin turn around residues 23–29 is a defining characteristic of Aβ in its aggregated state. Major biophysical properties of Aβ, including this turn, remain unaltered in the central fragment Aβ18–35. Here, we synthesize a single deletion mutant, ΔG25, with the aim of sterically hindering the hairpin turn in Aβ18–35. We find that the solubility of the peptide goes up by more than 20-fold. Although some oligomeric structures do form, solution state NMR spectroscopy shows that they have mostly random coil conformations. Fibrils ultimately form at a much higher concentration but have widths approximately twice that of Aβ18–35, suggesting an opening of the hairpin bend. Surprisingly, two-dimensional solid state NMR shows that the contact between Phe19 and Leu34 residues, observed in full-length Aβ and Aβ18–35, is still intact in these fibrils. This is possible if the monomers in the fibril are arranged in an antiparallel β-sheet conformation. Indeed, IR measurements, supported by tyrosine cross-linking experiments, provide a characteristic signature of the antiparallel β-sheet. We conclude that the self-assembly of Aβ is critically dependent on the hairpin turn and on the contact between the Phe19 and Leu34 regions, making them potentially sensitive targets for Alzheimer''s therapeutics. Our results show the importance of specific conformations in an aggregation process thought to be primarily driven by nonspecific hydrophobic interactions. 相似文献
37.
38.
Dystrophin and utrophin link the F-actin cytoskeleton to the cell membrane via an associated glycoprotein complex. This functionality results from their domain organization having an N-terminal actin-binding domain followed by multiple spectrin-repeat domains and then C-terminal protein-binding motifs. Therapeutic strategies to replace defective dystrophin with utrophin in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy require full-characterization of both these proteins to assess their degree of structural and functional equivalence. Here the high resolution structures of the first spectrin repeats (N-terminal repeat 1) from both dystrophin and utrophin have been determined by x-ray crystallography. The repeat structures both display a three-helix bundle fold very similar to one another and to homologous domains from spectrin, α-actinin and plectin. The utrophin and dystrophin repeat structures reveal the relationship between the structural domain and the canonical spectrin repeat domain sequence motif, showing the compact structural domain of spectrin repeat one to be extended at the C-terminus relative to its previously defined sequence repeat. These structures explain previous in vitro biochemical studies in which extending dystrophin spectrin repeat domain length leads to increased protein stability. Furthermore we show that the first dystrophin and utrophin spectrin repeats have no affinity for F-actin in the absence of other domains. 相似文献
39.
Annadurai T Muralidharan AR Joseph T Hsu MJ Thomas PA Geraldine P 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2012,68(3):307-318
In the present study, the putative antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of a flavanone, naringenin, were evaluated in comparison with those of glyclazide, a standard drug for therapy of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes was induced experimentally in 12-h-fasted rats by intraperitoneal injections of first streptozotocin (50 mg/kg b.w.) and then of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg b.w.) after a 15-min interval. Untreated diabetic rats revealed the following in comparison with normal rats: significantly higher mean levels of blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin, significantly lower mean levels of serum insulin, significantly lower mean activities of pancreatic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase), significantly lower mean levels of plasma non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C , vitamin E), significantly elevated mean levels of pancreatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and significantly elevated mean activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Following oral administration of naringenin (50 mg/kg b.w./day) to diabetic rats for 21 days, the following observations were made in comparison with untreated diabetic rats: significantly lower mean levels of fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin, significantly elevated serum insulin levels, significantly higher mean activities of pancreatic enzymatic antioxidants, significantly higher mean levels of plasma non-enzymatic antioxidants, lower mean pancreatic tissue levels of MDA and lower mean activities of ALT, AST, ALP and LDH in serum. The values obtained in the naringenin-treated animals approximated those observed in glyclazide-treated animals. Histopathological studies appeared to suggest a protective effect of naringenin on the pancreatic tissue in diabetic rats. These results suggest that naringenin exhibits antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects in experimental diabetic rats. 相似文献
40.
Muralidharan O Natsoulis G Bell J Newburger D Xu H Kela I Ji H Zhang N 《Nucleic acids research》2012,40(1):e5
Highly multiplex DNA sequencers have greatly expanded our ability to survey human genomes for previously unknown single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, sequencing and mapping errors, though rare, contribute substantially to the number of false discoveries in current SNP callers. We demonstrate that we can significantly reduce the number of false positive SNP calls by pooling information across samples. Although many studies prepare and sequence multiple samples with the same protocol, most existing SNP callers ignore cross-sample information. In contrast, we propose an empirical Bayes method that uses cross-sample information to learn the error properties of the data. This error information lets us call SNPs with a lower false discovery rate than existing methods. 相似文献